中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案定語從句

定語從句命題趨勢(shì)：定語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，其中以關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句最為常見和?？?相關(guān)概念①主句：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語從句后的部分，是句子的主句②定語從句：修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子是定語從句③先行詞：先行詞就是被定語從句所修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面=4\*GB3④關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞2定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that/which/who/whom/whose等，關(guān)系副詞包括where/when/why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分3定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整4關(guān)系代詞的基本用法作主語作賓語作定語指人Who/thatWho/that/whom/省略Whose指物Which/thatWhich/that/省略Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisfromHongKongThebuildingwhich/thatisbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospitalIvisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld注意（1）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持主謂一致HeisoneoftheboyswholikeplayingbasketballHeistheoneoftheboyswholikesplayingbasketball（2）通常在以下6種情況下只能用that而不能用which①先行詞為all/much/something/everything/nothing/little/none/theone等代詞時(shí)ThatisallthatIwanttosay②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用whichHewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexamThisisthemostwonderfulfilmthatIhaveseenLookattheapples.Youcanseethetwothatyougaveme③以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscrying=4\*GB3④先行詞被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/little/few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用whichThisisthesamebikethatIlostMr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows=5\*GB3⑤先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用whichWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisitedIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom=6\*GB3⑥先行詞在主句中作表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)It’sabookthatwillhelpyoualot=7\*GB3⑦主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用whichThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況①先行詞為that、whose時(shí)，用which，而不用thatWhat’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?②關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用thatThisistheroominwhichhelives③引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用thatTomcamebackwhichmadeushappy5關(guān)系副詞的基本用法when在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間HeremembersthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeagueThisisthetimewhenhearrivedWhere在句中作狀語，表示地點(diǎn)ThisistheplacewhereLuXunwasbornThisistheplacewhereheworksWhy在句中作狀語，表示原因ThisisthereasonwhyheislatetodayNobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool6關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句限制性定語從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說明，去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子除which之外，還可用when，where，who，whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句在限制性定語從句中，如果先行詞作賓語，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略；但引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省，同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換定語從句解題技巧定語從句的考點(diǎn)通常圍繞關(guān)系代詞的選用來設(shè)題。解題時(shí)要遵循以下兩個(gè)步驟先找出先行詞，然后判斷先行詞指人還是指物。如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用who,whom或that。如果先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞用which或that判斷所缺的關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中所作的句子成分。如果先行詞指人，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語，則關(guān)系代詞可以用who或that典例品味1Doyouknowthelittleboy____ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?No.Buthowniceheis!AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhat2Themovie____wesawlastnightwasfantasticAthatBwhatCwhoseDwho習(xí)題1Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecoverAwhomBwhichCwhoseDwho2It’sinterestingthattherearealotofpeople____speakFrenchinCanadaAwhereBwhichCwhoDwhen3Thegirl_____wonthegoldmedalcomesfromXiamenNo.1HighSchoolAwhoBwhichCwhomDwhat4Afriendissomeone_____says,”What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”AwhichBwhoCwhatDwhose5It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse_____hasnewfurnitureinitAwhoBwhereCwhenDthat6Moststudentsliketheteachers____understandthemwellAwhichBwhatCwhomDwho7Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses______JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsagoAwhereBwhichCwhoDwhen8Beingblindissomething_____mostpeoplecan’timagineAwhoBwhichCthat