module 2路由和協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)與實(shí)現(xiàn)hc rip

RIP路由協(xié)議Page2培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能：掌握RIP協(xié)議的基本原理掌握RIPv1和RIPv2的異同掌握RIP協(xié)議的配置距離矢量的路由協(xié)議定期將路由表復(fù)制給相鄰的路由器并且進(jìn)行矢量堆加CDBACBADRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistance—How

farVector—In

which

directionDV路由協(xié)議的特征采用周期性的完全更新(發(fā)送整個(gè)路由表)和觸發(fā)更新結(jié)合的路由更新方式采用廣播的方式進(jìn)行路由更新（RIPv2采用的是組播）DV的路由協(xié)議有RIPv1，RIPv2距離矢量—源信息的獲得ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing

Table10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S10Routing

Table10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00Routing

Table10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S00路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑距離矢量—源信息的獲得ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0110110110Routing

Table10110.3.0.0110.4.0.0110.1.0.010.2.0.

0011S0S1S1S01Routing

Table10.3.0.0

S0

01110.4.0.0

E0

010.2.0.0

S0

1Routing

Table0.1.0.E000.2.0.S000.3.0.S01路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑距離矢量—源信息的獲得ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0101110110110Routing

Table10110.3.0.0110.4.0.0110.1.0.010.2.0.

0011S0S1S1S01Routing

Table10.3.0.0

S0

011110.1.0.0S010.4.0.0

E0

010.2.0.0

S0

12Routing

Table0.1.0.E000.2.0.S000.3.0.S010.4.0.S02路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑距離矢量—管理路由信息A更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的

更新路由表的更新過(guò)程將通過(guò)路由器之間一步一步來(lái)完成距離矢量—管理路由信息A更新路由表在下一個(gè)周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過(guò)的路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的

更新路由表的更新過(guò)程將通過(guò)路由器之間一步一步來(lái)完成距離矢量—管理路由信息AB更新路由表更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的

更新在下一個(gè)周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過(guò)的路由表路由表的更新過(guò)程將通過(guò)路由器之間一步一步來(lái)完成收斂時(shí)間收斂時(shí)間（convergence

time):從網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浒l(fā)生變化到網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有路由器都知道這個(gè)變化的時(shí)間就叫收斂時(shí)間路由回環(huán)每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)管理著與之相連的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing

Table10.3.0.0S0E0S0S0210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000110.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S02Routing

Table10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由回環(huán)緩慢的收斂容易造成路由信息的不一致ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0XE0Routing

Table10.3.0.0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00E0Down10.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S02Routing

Table10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器C

推斷到達(dá)10.4.0.0

網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最好路徑是通過(guò)路由器B路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0XE0Routing

Table10.3.0.0S0S0S0S0210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002110.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S02Routing

Table10.2.0.0S0S1S1S11110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器A

根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤的信息升級(jí)它的路由表路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0XE0Routing

TableS0S0S0S0210.3.0.010.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002110.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S04Routing

TableS0S1S1S03110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000無(wú)限計(jì)數(shù)10.4.0.0

網(wǎng)絡(luò)的跳數(shù)將無(wú)限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0XE0Routing

Table10.3.0.0S0S0S0S0210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.004110.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S06Routing

TableS0S1S1S0510.2.0.010.1.0.0

110.4.0.010.3.0.000Packets

for

network

10.4.0.0

bounce

(loop)

betweenrouters

B

and

C.Routing

Loops（路由環(huán)路）DV型協(xié)議防環(huán)——SplitHorizon（水平分割）不會(huì)接收到由自身傳達(dá)出去的路由信息ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0XE0S1

X

S0S0XRouting

Table10.3.0.0S0S0S0210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000110.10.10.10.Routing

Table1.0.0E002.0.0S003.0.0S014.0.0S02Routing

TableS0S1S1E1

S01210.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000RIPv1

vs.

RIPv2RIPv1為有類別路由協(xié)議，不支持VLSM和CIDR以廣播的形式發(fā)送報(bào)文不支持驗(yàn)證RIPv2為無(wú)類別路由協(xié)議，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合與CIDR支持以廣播或者組播（224.0.0.9）的形式發(fā)送報(bào)文支持明文驗(yàn)證和MD5

密文驗(yàn)證Page19RIPv1報(bào)文格式CommandversionUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)Address

Family

IdentifierUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)IP

addressUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)Unused(

set

to

all

zeros)MetricMultiple

fields,

up

to

maximum

of

25Address

Family

IdentifierUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)IP

addressUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)Unused(

set

to

all

zeros)Metric路由

條目Page20路由條目081631RIPv2報(bào)文格式CommandversionUnused(

set

to

all

zeros)AddressFamily

IdentifierRoutetagIP

addressSubnet

maskNext

hopMetricMultiple

fields,

up

to

maximum

of

25AddressFamily

IdentifierRoutetagIP

addressSubnet

maskNext

hopMetric路由

條目Page21路由條目08163119.2kbpsT1T1T1RIP

概述Hop

計(jì)算路由器每隔30秒更新最多支持相同hop數(shù)的6條路徑，實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡RIP基本配置舉例[RTA]

rip[RTA-rip-1]version

2[RTA-rip-1]

network

192.168.1.0[RTA-rip-1]

network

172.16.0.0[RTB]rip[RTB-rip-1]version

2[RTB-rip-1]network

192.168.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network

192.168.2.0[RTC]rip[RTC-rip-1]version

2[RTC-rip-1]network

192.168.2.0[RTC-rip-1]network

10.0.0.0.192.168.1.0/301

.2

.192.168.2.0/301

.2RTARTBRTCL0:172.16.1.1/32L0:10.1.1.1/32Page23顯示RIP信息<[RTA]display

ripPublic

VPN-instance

name

:RIP

process

:

1Page24RIP

version

:

RIP-2Preference

:100Checkzero

:

EnabledDefault-cost:

0Summary

:

EnabledHostroutes

:EnabledMaximum

number

of

balanced

paths

:

6Update

time :

30

sec Age

time :

180

secSuppress

time

:

0

sec

Garbage-collect

time

:

120

secSilent

interfaces

:

None

Default

routes

:

DisabledVerify-source

:

EnabledNetworks

:192.168.1.0

172.16.0.0Configured

peers

:

None Triggered

updates

sent

:

2Number

of

route

changes

:

2Number

of

replies

to

queries

:

1顯示RIP路由[RTA]display

rip

1

routeRoute

Flags:

R

-

RIP,

T

-

TRIPP

-

Permanent,

A

-

Aging,

S

-

Suppressed,

G

-

Garbage-collectPeer

192.168.1.2Destination/Mask192.168.2.0/3010.1.1.1/32on

Serial0/0/1Nexthop192.168.1.2192.168.1.2Cost

Tag1

02

0Flags

SecRA

12RA

12RIP鄰居地址，與鄰居相連的接口無(wú)類別路由和變長(zhǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼到目的網(wǎng)段的度量，即跳數(shù)Page25RIP協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)Protocol

Pre

CostDestination/Mask172.16.0.0/16192.168.1.0/24RIPRIP150

0150

1Nexthop

Interface127.0.0.1

InLoopBack0192.168.1.2

Serial0/0/0更改RIP協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)的命令，優(yōu)先級(jí)大小范圍為1～255，默認(rèn)為100[RTA-rip-1]

preference

?INTEGER<1-255> Value

of

Preference[RTA-rip-1]

preference

150[RTA-rip-1]

display

ip

routing-tableRouting

Table:

public

netPage26接口附加度量值——入向192.168.1.0/30.1

.2RTB[RTA-Serial0/0/0]rip

metricin

5度量值為1+5=6RTAL0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32[RTA]display

rip

1

routeRoute

Flags:

R

-

RIP,

T

-

TRIPP

-

Permanent,

A

-

Aging,

S

-

Suppressed,

G

-

Garbage-collectPeer

192.168.1.2 on

Serial0/0/0Destination/Mask10.1.1.1/32Nexthop192.168.1.2Cost

Tag6

0Flags

SecRA

16L0:10.1.1.1/32Page27接口附加度量值——出向192.168.1.0/30.1

.2RTB[RTA-Serial0/0/0]rip

metricout

4[RTB]display

rip

1

routeRoute

Flags:

R

-

RIP,

T

-

TRIPP

-

Permanent,

A

-

Aging,

S

-

Suppressed,

G

-

Garbage-collectPeer

192.168.1.1 on

Serial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.140RA5172.16.1.2/32192.168.1.140RA5172.16.1.1/32192.168.1.140RA5度量值為0+4=4RTAL0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32Page28RIP路由手動(dòng)聚合L0