eu2017暑期新初三詞匯辨析專輯

用Thesunroseabovethe“在……上面”Thereisabridgeoverthe“在……上面”Thereisanoilpaintingonthe 例“橫過，穿過”，指從……Becarefulwhenyouwalkacrossthe當你過馬路的時候要Theriverflowsthroughthecityfromwesttoatall/after 例atShedoesn’tlikefootballat她一點也不喜歡afterAfterallheisachild.畢竟,few/afew/little/aIamanewcomerhere,soIhavefewfriendsaThoughthemanhasbeenhereforonlyonemonth,heafew盡管這個人才在這里住了一個月，但他就有了一些朋友。Thereislittlewaterintheglass,soyoucan’tdrinkaThereisalittlewaterintheago/ 例Hediedtwoyears他是兩年前的Igottherebefore5o’clockintheIneversawhimalone/ Helivesalone,butheneverfeels“孤獨的，寂寞的”，強理感already/ 例Ihavealreadyfinishedit.我已經做完了。IsitSundayalready?Ihaven’tlearnedityet.Hashecomeanswer/ 例它可以用作及物動詞或不及物HeansweredmyItisadifficultquestionto常用作不及物動詞回答Ididn’treplytoarrive/reach/get 例是不及物動詞，arrivein+(arriveat+HearrivedinNanninglastPleasewritetomewhenyoureach你到后請給我寫信getWhendidyougethomeagreewith/agreeon/agree 例agree表示“與……意見一致Idon’tagreewithagreeandtheU.S.A.agreedontheceandtimeforthenextagree為“計劃、安排Weallagreedtoyouralittle/a a都可修飾形容alittle后可直接接不可數(shù)名詞，abit若修飾不abitGetupabit/alittleearlier,andyouwillseethe起早一點你就會看到那位了aHeatealittle/abitoffoodthis 例像作介詞，意為“以……的作為Sheworksasaninterpreterinthat作介詞意為像如同樣，如……般的It’snotlikeyoutotake 例以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間之后Shewentafterthree她是三天以后走的以現(xiàn)在為起點,表將來一段時間以后,Shewillgointhree她三天以后要走bytheway/ontheway/inthe 例bythe常用作狀語，意為“順便說一下Bytheway,howoldareonthe“在……的”，后接名詞時Heboughtapenonhis/thewayto他在上學的買了一支鋼筆inthe“擋路；妨礙Yourcarisintheway. 例Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasbecauseWehavetoputoffthemeetingbecauseofthebadbeafraidthat/beafraid 例beafraidI’mafraidIcan’thelpbeafraid后接名詞/代詞/動名詞，意為“某事Iamafraidofgoingoutatbig/large/great/ 例Thiscoatistoobigforisalarge常表示“偉大的”，帶有一定的感Einsteinisagreat表示“巨大的；極大的”Theearthisahuge例物的正下方，其反義詞是Fromthetopofthemountain,wecouldseethewholevillagebelowus.Thereisacatunderthe桌子有只貓between/ 例ThereisatreebetweenthetwoLondonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.another/theother/other/others/the 例指不定數(shù)目中的另一Idon’tthinkthecoatisgoodenough.Canyoushowmeonethe指兩個中的“另一個Hehastwosons,oneisinShanghai,theotherisin他有兩個兒子，一個在，另一個在泛指“另外的”, ,maths,Englishandother泛指“另外的人或物”，但不指其余的人或物的Somelikeswimming,othersliketheTherearethirtybooksonthebookshelf.Fivearemine,thearemy書架上有三十本書。五本是我的，其余是我的as/when/ 例“當(在)……時候”，往往可與when或IsawhimashewasgettingofftheItwasrainingwhenwePleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersare別人在工作的時候，大聲borrow/ 例借是以“我”為中心“借進”fromI’veborrowedtwobooksfromthe我從館借了兩本書意為“借出”toCanyoulendyourdictionaryto能的字典借給我嗎bring/take/fetch/ 例Remembertobringyourbook記得明天的書帶來It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanwith“去取來某物”Willyougoandfetchsome你去取一點水來,汽車、火車等交通工具，意為“運載”Thebuscarriedmetothepark 例后接的賓語一般為人或相當于人的名詞，“打敗WebeatClassFourinthefootballmatchyesterday.天賽我們打敗了四班Wewonthefootball我們贏得了賽的勝利 例系Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewas人所知的原因，語氣比becauseSincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneItmusthaverained,fortheroadisbemadeof/bemade 例bemadeThedeskismadeofbemadePaperismadefromby/with/ 例用“以……方式(方法Hegoestoschoolby指“借助于具體的工具Jimisclimbingthetreewitha以方式，用某種語言Canyousayitinbeusedfor/beusedas/beused 例be“用來作Apenisusedforwriting.beused“……被用作Englishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedby“為……所使用”Englishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeoplealloverthe 例意為“除……之外(有Ihaveanotherbluepenbesidesthis意為“除……之外(再有Weallpassedtheexamexcept我們都通過了考試，除外both/ 例都指“兩者都Histwobrothersareboth指“三者或三者以上都Thestudentsallworkbeangerwith/beangry 例beanger只能跟表“人”的名詞或Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycoming代詞，意為“生氣beangryat/“因某事而”,atabout后只能接表“事物”Hewasangryabout/atmissingthe他為錯過那場而生氣catchacold/havea 例catchaIt’scoldoutside.Gointothehouse，oryou’llcatchacold.haveaIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridofcan/beable 例表示“本能”或“能夠”，接動詞一起構成IcansingtheEnglish能語beableIfyouworkhard,youwillbeabletomasterdowith/deal 例dodowith常與連接代詞whatIdon’tknowwhattheydowiththe=Idon’tknowhowtheydealwiththedealdealwith常與連接副詞how 例終止性動詞，不用于語Hehasdied.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforfive他的祖父已經有五年了作形容詞，意為“垂死的，快熄滅的Thisisadying名詞，Hewassentencedto他被 例ColumbusdiscoveredWhoinvented 例WhatelsedidyouWherearetheother其他的在哪里everyday/ every是副詞詞組，意為“每天，天天”IstudyeverydayEnglishevery是形容詞，意為“日常的，普通的family/ 例家指由父母、所組成的家庭，是集HisfamilyisalargeIlovemyhome.Therearefourroomsinthe 例Todayisthefinaldayofthis“最后的，末尾的”,Myhousestandsinthelastbefamousas/befamous 例befamous“以(某種)……出名(著名)”,as后跟Sheisfamousasabefamous“因……而聞名(馳名)”表示由于某種特征hasbeenfamousforitssilk. 例Don’tforgetyourexercise表示把某物遺忘在I’msorryIleftmyexercisebookatforgettodosth./forgetng 例forgettodo忘記要去做某事(事情還未做Don’tforgettowakemeupat6：00tomorrow6 忘記做過某事(事情已做過或已經發(fā)生I linghimabouttheforexample/such 例forSomestudents,forexample,John,liveinthe有些學生，如吧，就住在城里suchchas舉的事物一起放在所要說明的“suha+”作前面SomeboyssuchasTom,Mikeliketoy有些男孩，如、，喜歡踢fast/quick/ 例快HerunsfasterthanI.HegavemeaquickGodownstairsquickly. 例表示進入或變成某種狀態(tài),形容詞連用,表狀ThedaygetsshorterandThetreesturngreenin在春天,程MylittlebrotherisgrowingeHe eagotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/be 例goto表動作，指“去睡覺Ioftengotobedgoto也表動作，指進入“睡著”Hefounditdifficulttogotofall表動作，意為“剛剛入睡”，指“著”Hefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatdoor.他剛睡著，這時有聲敲門be表狀態(tài)，意為“睡著的Thebabyhasbeenasleepforanhappen/take 例的或不能預見的“發(fā)生HowdidtheaccidentGreatchangeshavetakencesinceliberahavebeento/havegoneto/havebeen 例been兒Wherehaveyoubeen?goneto表示“去了”，指人已經走了(Sheisn’there.Shehasgoneto她不在這兒。她去了been表示“去了某地，并曾在那兒(一段時ShehasbeeninShanghaiforafew她在待了幾個周了 Welistenedcarefullyforalongtimebuthowoften/howsoon/howlong/how 例how中的often,usually,everyday,never,onceaweek—Howoftendoyougotoseea——你多久看一次—Oncea——how—Howsoonwillthebuildingbe———Ina——how多長久時間，對“for…”，“since…”等表示一段時間的狀語—Howlongwillhebe———Hewillbeawayfortwo——how—Howfarisitfromheretothe———Itistwo—— 例WemustworkhardforourItrainedhardyesterday.否定副詞，意為“幾乎不”Icouldhardlywriteatthatinthecorner/atthecorner/onthe含例inPutthebroomsintheatThemanisstandingatthecorneroftheonThereisashoponthehearsb.ngsth./hearsb.do 例hearsb.Ihearhimtalkingnext我聽到他正在隔壁房間hearsb.doIheardhersingthesonghope/用例sth./hopethat…/hopefor…IhopethathecanhelpIhopetowatchthebasketballmatchdosth./wishsb.sth./wishthat…Iwishyoutohaveagoodtimeattheparty.我希望你在上玩得愉快。IwishyouaHappyNewif 例1.whetherornot時Peopleoftenaskmewhether/ifIlike人們常問我是否喜歡Idon’tknowwhetherornothewouldcomefor2.whether引導的(主語)Whetherthisisrightornot,Ican’t3.whether+todosth.這事對不對，我說Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoorinteresting/ 例Thenewsis“對……感的”，主語是人，作表Iaminterestedinthe我對這本書感ill/ 例Hewasillyesterday.Sheislookingafterhersick(ill)inthetree/onthe 例intheThereisabirdintheontheTherearemanyapplesontheintime/on 例inWearejustintimefortheon強調“準時，正點Thetraincameintothestationoninstead/instead 例Mr.Wangisill,andIwilltakehisclassinsteadIwillcleanthewindowinsteadofinfrontof/inthefront 例infrontTherearesometreesinfrontoftheinthefront人或某物在某空Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.infuture/inthe 例inYoumustbemorecarefulinfuture你今后必須更加inthe多指較遙遠的將來的某一時Whocanlwhatwillhappeninthejoin/takepart 例Hejoinedthepartyin1927take、Areyougoingtotakepartindiscussion?aloud/loud/ 例副詞“出聲地,大聲地”Pleasereadthestory“高聲地，大聲地，響亮地”Speak“高聲地”loudDon’ttalksoleave/leave 例“離開，留下WeleftShanghaitwoyears我們兩年前離開了Helefthiscellphoneinthetaxilast他上周把落在出租車里了leaveThetrainisleavingforlose/ 例丟失，回HelosthisparentswhenhewasIamafraidthatJimwillmissalotoflessons.心將會缺很多課look/ 例Mr.SmithlooksveryThereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmylookfor/ lookIlookedforiteverywherebutIcouldn’tfindlook/ 例看Pleaselookatthe表示結果“看見Canyouseetheword“仔細，注視MayIwatchTV只用于指看書或看Aliceisreadingamaybe/may 例是副詞，“也許”perhaps。maybeMaybehewon’tmaymaybemaybe是連系動詞，表示“也許是ShemaybewatchingTVmuchtoo/too 例much太“太，非?！盜t’smuchtoocoldtooIdon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice. 例用作形容詞或副詞，表示Comenearplease.Helivesneartheschool.意為“幾乎，將近”TheseasonsoftheyearinEnglandandtheU.S.A.arenearlysame.和英國的四季幾乎是一樣的neither/ 例NeitherofmyparentsisatNoneofthestudentsareintheclassroom.Theyhaveallgonetotheyground.所有的學生都不(一個也不) 例不作副詞時，對一般疑問句作否定回答，與相對；no作形容詞時，可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可notanotanyWehavenoclassesonSunday.=Wedon’thaveanyclassesonSunday.Idon’tthinkchickenscan 例ThisisabookontheThisisafilmaboutthewoman這是一部關于那位女影星的oneday/some 例oneOnedaywe’llbothgotoseeNewYork.someWewillmeetagainsomeput 例put穿It’scoldoutside.Putonmore表狀態(tài)，“穿戴著Theboywearsanewcoatpointat/point 例point表示“指準某個方向”Shepointedatoneofthepoint只表示“指向某一個方向”Hepointedtothemountainsfaraway. 例Don’tnttheflowersbeforemid-Theflowersgrowintheproblem/ 例多指“習題，問題”決定解決的問題，尤其指比較的問Heisthinkingaboutamaths常指由于對某事感到疑惑不解而提出用MayIaskareceive/ 強調“收到，接到”IreceivedhisgiftbutIdidn’taccept我收到了他的，但我沒有接受它強調立場上的結果，表“接受real/ 例ThisisarealTrueloveshouldlastfor 例“”,Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouknowthe“上升”Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsintheseesb.ngsth./seesb.do詞 例seesb.ngIsawhimwalkingintheseesb.doShesawaboygointoyour她看見進了你的教室spend/take/ 例sb.time(in)ngsth.或Hespent30minutes(in)writingtheletter.30常用itIttakessb.sometimedoIttookmethreehourstofinishmy3主語是物。sth.costngtheworkcosttheworkersalongtime.主語多是人。sb.paysomemoneyIpaidfiveyuanforthesince/ 例作連詞，后常接時間點，意思是“自從Hehasbeenaworkersincehecametothiscity.間Ihavelivedherefortenso 例so“以便，為了”Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirst“如此……以至于……”，thatHeissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther. 例指自然界的一切“聲音Canyouheartheterriblesoundjust剛才你聽到那個可怕了嗎一般指人或鳥兒發(fā)出Thefamoussingerhasabeautiful這位有名的有一副好嗓子Pleasestopmakingnoise, 例高HeistallerthanTheHimalayaMountainishighestmountinthe l/含義 例說為及物動詞，表示“說的內容”，有WangFangsays,“Iama說：“我是一名學生。作說話的能力講時,后接語言時,IcanspeakEnglish.l有“告誡，吩咐，講述”Hetoldmeastory.Aliceistalkingwith正在和交談 例一般情況下，some用于肯定句，后接可數(shù)TherearesomebooksontheWouldyoulikesometea?詞Isthereanywaterinthethenumberof/anumber 例thenumberThenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis1,000anumber詞Anumberofstudentslikeying許多學生喜歡踢trytodo/try 例tryto“努力去做，盡力做Hetriedtoclimbthetree. 嘗試做看看，有何結果”Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingthedoor?thanksfor/thanks 例thanks表示“因為……而表示感謝Thanksforyourhelp.thanks“由于；幸虧Thankstospace lites,theworlditself ing 例TheysawadogcomingtowardsItwasrainingwhenIcametoschoolthis1．afew/afewfewafew“有一些”，表示肯定概念，few[例Themanhasbeenhereformanyyears,sohehasafewIamanewcomerhere,soIhavefewfriendshere.2．alittle/(1)alittle,little用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(2)alittle有一些”little“幾乎沒有”，表示否定概念[例]Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.里有一些水Thereislittlewaterintheglass,soyoucan’tdrinkany.ago/ago[例]Hediedtwoyearsago.他是兩年前的before后接“時間點”，可用于任何時態(tài)；它也可放在“時間段”后，[例]Igottherebefore5o’clock.我五點鐘前到達那里。Ineversawhimbefore.我以前沒見過他。Hehaddoneittwodaysbefore.already/1)already意為“已經”，常用于肯定句，與完成時和進行時連用為多。IsitSundayalready?已經到星期天啦？Ihavealreadyfinishedit.我已經做完了。（2）yet通常用于疑問句和否定句，在疑問句中作“已經”解，Ihaven’tlearnedityet.我還不知此事。Hashecomeyet?他還沒有來？（表疑問arrive/reach/arrivearrivein+大地方（國家、城市等）arriveat+小地方（村莊、車站、碼頭等HearrivedinNanninglastweek.getvi.\getto+Whendidyougettothestationyesterday?你昨天什么時候到達火車站？reachvt.\reach+名詞PleasewritetomewhenyoureachBeijing.你到后請給我寫信reach、arrive、gethere、there、home時,Igotarrive/reachedhomelateyesterday.agreewith/agreeon/agreeagreewith(sb.)表示“與……意見一致”。Idon’tagreewithyou.agreeto(sth.)賓語一般為suggestion、n等,“同意計劃、安排”Weallagreedtoyourn.我們同意你的計劃agreeon表示“雙方就...達成一致協(xié)議”andtheU.S.A.agreedontheceandtimeforthenext7.abit/a相同點：都用來修飾形容詞、副詞及其，也可修飾動詞Getupabit/alittleearlierandyouwillseethestar.不同點：①alittle+不可數(shù)名詞，abitof+Heatealittlefood/abitoffoodthismorning.②alittleabit和否定詞連用,notalittle很，非常；\notabitbytheway/ontheway/inthebytheway常用作狀語，意為“順便問一下”,“順便說一下”ontheway“在……的”，后接名詞時需加介詞home、here、theretointheway擋路、妨礙”例]Yourcarisintheway.Heboughtapenonhis/thewaytoschool.他在上學的買了一枝鋼筆Bythewayhowoldareyou?beafraid/beafraidof/beafraidbeafraid意為“害怕”，如果后接賓語從句，意為“恐怕……”，IamafraidIcan’thelpyou.beafraidof+名詞/代詞/動名詞，意為“害怕/做某事Iamafraidofgoingoutatnight.我害怕晚上出去。beafraidfor后習慣接表示人的代詞，表示“替擔心”。如：Iamafraidforyou.between/這兩個詞都有“在……之間（中）”betweenThetrainrunsbetweenBeijingandNanning.火車在和南寧兩地間運行Thereisatreebetweenthetwohouses.amongIsawhimamongthecrowd.Londonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.borrow/二者都有“借”的意思，使用時應注意以誰為中心的問題，borrow是以“我”為中心，“借進”from連用。如：I’veborrowedtwobooksfromthelibrary.我從館借了2本書lend是以“你”為中心，意為“借出”toCanyoulendyourdictionarytome?能借你的字典給我嗎？(3)這二者都可有這樣的結構：borrowsb.sth;lendsb.sth.bring/take/fetch/bring意為“帶來”Remembertobringyourbooktomorrow.記住明天的書帶來take意為“帶走”It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithfetch意為“去取來某物”如：Willyougoandfetchsomewater?你去取一點水來,carry一般指“隨身攜帶的細小物品”，此外還多用于汽車、火車等交通工具Healwayscarriesapocketdictionarywithhim.他總是隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典。Thebuscarriedmetotheparkyesterday.昨天公共汽車把我拉到了公園。beat/beatvt.后接的賓語一般為人或相當于人的名詞，“打敗“贏了……”；也經常用于語態(tài)。如WebeatClassFourinthefootballmatchyesterday.昨天賽我們打敗了四班隊。ClassFourwasbeateninthefootballmatchyesterday.四班隊昨天被打敗了。winvt.一般后接物或比賽作賓語，少用語態(tài)。如Wewonthefootballgame.我們贏得了賽的勝利3)winwinagame贏得比賽（游戲）winagoldmedalwinaprizewinthewar贏得了的勝利winsb.over把爭取過來，說by/with/by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“”。它們的區(qū)別是：by表示“以……方式（方法、）”和“乘坐某種交通工具”；with指“借助于具體的和工具”；in表示“以……方式”，“用某種語言”[例]Hegoestoschoolbybike.Jimisclimbingthetreewithaladder.用梯子爬樹CanyousayitinEnglish?beusedfor/beusedas/beusedbeusedforfor表用途，即“用來作……”Apenisusedforwriting.beusedas在這個短語中，介詞as表或工具，即“……被用作……”Englishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedbyby后接使用的執(zhí)行者，“為……所使用”Englishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeoplealloverthebesides/besidesexcept用于肯定句時，except意為“除……之外（不再有besides意為“除……之外（還有）”Ihaveanotherbluepenbesidesthis除了這枝外，我還有另一枝藍色鋼筆。（1+12枝Weallpassedtheexamexcept我們都通過了考試，除外。（整體中……一人不及格exceptall、any、every、noHeansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastexcept后接名詞、代詞、動名詞和動詞，這時except=but；exceptbut代替。如：Thewindowisneveropenexceptinsummer.這扇窗戶從來不開,除夏季外。Hedidnothingexcept/butcleanthehouse.他只是打掃了房子。both/both指“兩者都”（=2）neitherHistwobrothersarebothworkers.他的兩個兄弟都是工人。Theybothworkinourschool.他們倆都在我們學校上班。bothbe后，實義動詞前。all指“三個或三個以上都……”none。Thestudentsallworkhard.學生們都很用功。Theyareallheretoday.他們今天都在這里。Theyareallstrangers.Iknownoneofthem.他們全是陌生人,beangerwith/beangryabout/beangrybeangrywith后只能跟表“人”的名詞或代詞，意思是“生的氣”，for。Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycominglate.beangryat=beangryabout意思是“因某事而”。at或about后只能接表“事物”的名詞。如：Heisangrywith/aboutsmallthings.Hewasangryabout/atmissingthefilm.他為錯過那場而生氣can/beablecan表示“本能”或能夠，有一般時和過去時，后接動詞一起構成謂語IcansingtheEnglishsong.Ababycancrywhenitishungry.beableto后接動詞，表示“能夠”，多指一個人經過后天的努力Ifyouworkhard,youwillbeabletomastercatchacold/havea一般情況下，這兩個短語都表示“得了感冒，患了感冒”catchacoldIt’scoldoutside.Gointothehouseoryou’llcatchahaveacoldIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridofdie/dead/dying/die是終止性動詞，不用于語態(tài)Hehasdied.他死了。Hediedfiveweeksago.他五死的deadHisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.他的祖父已經有五年了deathHewassentencedtodeath.他被dying意為“要死了”adeaddog一條死（了的）狗 adyingdog一條“瀕臨”的狗初中常見的die短語：diefrom/of……因……而死else/else可作形容詞或副詞，作形容詞時，常放在疑問代詞、不定代詞之后Whatelsedidyoudo?Shehasnothingelsetosay.otherWherearetheothercomrades?其他的在哪里Iwantsomeotherbooks.else后可帶-‘s,otherWhoelse’sbikecanthisbe?ever/這兩個詞都可解作“曾經”ever表示“到現(xiàn)在為止以前的任何時候”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你去過嗎once表示“過去某一時候”或“過去某段時間”，IoncewenttoLondonwithmyfather.我曾經和我父親去過倫敦。注意：once作為“一次”解時，表頻率，可用于完成時。Ihavebeenthereonce.far/faraway都有“遠”far指抽象距離的遠，awayThefarmisveryfarfromhere.Thestationisfivekilometresawayfromhere.5faraway-Howfarisyourschool?-NotfarOnly100metresaway.不遠,100fast/quick/fastadjadv.有“快”的意思，通常指“行走、跑、唱、跳”HerunsfasterthanI.quickadj.有“迅速”Hegavemeaquickanswer.quicklyGodownstairsquickly.forshort/shortforshort意為“縮寫、簡稱、簡言之”Theteachertoldustowritethetextforshort.shortfor是……的縮寫”，一般作表語。如：“You’d”isshortfor“Youwould”or“Youhad”.get/turn/ e/get較口語化,表示進入或變成某種狀態(tài),通常與形容詞或形容詞連用,表狀態(tài)。 Thedaysgetshorterandturn有“成為和以前完全不同的東西”Thetreesturngreeninspring.在春天,growMylittlebrotherisgrowingtall.eHe eadoctor.be表示“成為”IwanttobeateacherwhenIgrowup.長大后成為一名教師gotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/begotobed表動作，指“去睡覺”gotosleep也表動作，指進入“睡著”fallasleep表動作，意為“剛剛入睡”，指“剛睡著”beasleep表狀態(tài)，意為“睡著的”Hefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthe他剛睡著，這時有聲敲門Thebabyhasbeenasleepforanhour.這孩子睡著一個小時了。Hefounditdifficulttogotosleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。howoften/howsoon/howlong/how①howlong意為“多長/久時間”，是對句子Howlongwillhebeaway?Hewillbeawayfortwodays.Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?Forabouttenyears.10注意：howlong②howsoon意為"某事多快能發(fā)生或完成",in…Howsoonwillthebuildingbefinished?Inamonth.③howoften意為"多長時間一次,每隔多久",often,usually,everyday,sometimes,never,onceaweek等表示頻率的副詞提問,HowoftendoyougotoseeaOnceaweek.你多長時間看1次？1周1次④howfar是對距離的提問，意為“長達……千米/米”-HowfarisitfromheretotheItistwokilometers.--hard/hardadj.&adv.作形容詞時，有“難的”，“硬的”意思，作副詞時，Wemustworkhardforourcountry.須為祖國努力學習Itrainedhardyesterday.hardlyadv簡直不”、“幾乎不”，在句中起否定作用。Icouldhardlywriteatthattime.那時我?guī)缀醪粫懽帧ear/hearof/hearhear為及物動詞，“聽到”Icanhearyouclearly.hearof=hearabout為不及物動詞,指間接地“聽別人說起……”，如IhaveheardofthewriterbutIhaveneverseenhearfrom一般后接sb.指“收到……來信”HaveyouheardfromJim?你收到的來信了嗎hear ngsth./hearsb.do（1）hear ngsth.結構中為-ingIhearhimtalkingnextdoor.我聽到他正在隔壁房間hearsb.dosth.dosth.Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.大多數(shù)的感官動作（see、watch、notice等）都可以用于這兩種結構，B.havegot,而用have。如：LiHonghadaproblem.有一個問題。Ihavehadthebikeforthreeyears.3C.havegot。havearest/aswimawashadrinkhavelunch,haveameeting,haveaparty,hope/這兩個詞都有“希望”的含義，hope一般指“希望”，wish指的是“愿望”。相同點：wishhopeIhopethathecanhelpme.IwishthatIknewtheanswer.hopewish所表達的愿望一般是難以實現(xiàn)的hopetodosth.(√)hopesb.todosth.(×)wishsb.todosth.hopesb.sth.(×)wishsb.sth.(√)Iwishyoutohaveagoodtimeattheparty.我希望你在上玩得愉快IwishyouaHappyNewYear!interesting/interest轉化而來的分詞形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進行，表示主動意義，過去分詞表示完成，表示意義，因此：物作主語時，表語要用-ing形容詞。如：Thenewsisinteresting.這消息是有趣的。(2)人作主語時，表語要用-ed形容詞。如：Iaminterestedinthebook.我對這本書感inall/atall/ofall/after這些含有all的短語的意義與all的本意無關，極易inall“總計、總共”Thereare60studentsinourclassinall.60atall“全然，根本不”，一般用于否定句中加強語氣。Shedoesn’tlikefootballatall.她一點也不喜歡。afterall畢竟、終究、到底”，一般置于句首或句尾作狀語。Afterall,heisachild.畢竟,他還是個孩子。Theyfinishedtheworkafterall.intime/ontime/atintime指“及時”，表示動作“在規(guī)定時間內”Wehavejustintimeforthebus.ontime強調“準時，正點”Thetraincameintothestationontime.attimes=infrontof相對某物體的外部而言，說明或某物體在某個地方的Therearesometreesinfrontofthehefrontof想對于空間而言，說明人或某物在某空間的最前面，Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontofthebefore意味“在……的前面”，可用作介詞、連詞、副詞，after。before多用于指時間，但也可表位置。如：TuesdaycomesbeforeWednesday.星期三之前是星期二。Shesitsbeforeme.join/joinin/takepartjoin通常指參加某種固定的組織、團隊、等，強調成為其中一員Hejoinedthepartyin1927.他1927年joinsb.(in)ngsth.“和一起干某事”WhynotjoinusinbuyingSusangift?為什么不和我們一起去給買呢join表示“參加某項活動”時，和takepartin可換用，但前者側重、欣賞，而后者更側重身體力行，參加在Shehasneverjoined/takenpartinsuchaninterestingtakepartin指參加各種活動，包括文娛、體育、比賽、、等。如Areyougoingtotakepartin/joininthediscussion?Hehasjoinedtheleagueforfiveyears.(×)Hehasbeenaleaguememberforfiveyears.5keepngsth./keepsb.ng在這兩個結構中，keepsb. ngsth.意為“不斷/反復/堅持做某事”Hekeptaskingustorememberteamwork.他不斷地叫我們記住合作。 ngsth.=keepon ngsth.keep ngsth.意為“讓做某事”，keep在這里 ng的動作不是主語來完成,而是由賓語sb.來完成的.例如：Ikeepthemwaitingatthegate.我讓他們在大門口等候。loud/adv.，意為“響亮地，大聲地”但loudly多含有“吵鬧”之意。另外，loud有。如：Pleasespeaklouder.Whoisknockingatthedoorsoloudly?lift/liftvt.是指用人力或機械力量“舉起、升起”Pleaseliftyourhandsifyouknowtheanswer.如果知道答案,請舉手risevi.常用于表示某物本身“由低處升到高處”，Thewatersoftheriverhasrisenalotaftertheheavyrain.lose/這兩個詞都有“丟失、失去”loseHelosthisparentswhenhewasyoung.miss有“發(fā)現(xiàn)失去”IamafraidthatJimwillmissalotoflessons.我擔心將會缺很多課。(3)lostmissing表示“丟失了的，不見了……”Whohasfoundmylost/missingpen?誰發(fā)現(xiàn)我丟失了的鋼筆？Mymoneyislost/missing.我的錢丟了look/looklike/lookseem均可作連系動詞，意為“看起來”look著重于由視覺得出的印象；seemlook/seem+形容詞。Mr.Smithlooks/seemsyoungverymuch.先生看上去很年輕。looklike連用構成習語，表示“看上去像……”Thegirllookslikehersister.這和她姐姐長得相像seem后接todoItseemsthat…ThereseemstobeJohnseemstoknowmuch .好象很了解中國Itseemsthattheyknoweachother.Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmywatch.lookfor/find/findlookfor尋找”Iamlookingformypen.find找到”IlookedforiteverywherebutIcouldn’tfindit.findout“查明，弄清緣由”，強調經過費時、周折、Atlastthefoundoutwhomurderedtheold最后查明了是誰謀殺了老太太look/see/watch/lookatPleaselookattheblackboard.see指眼所能涉及的范圍，表示結果“看見”Canyouseethewordclearly?固定短語：seeafilm;seesb.off（給送行）；letmewatch=lookatsb./sth.carefully“仔細，注視”MayIwatchTVnow?固定短語：watchTVonwatch（值班、守望）；watchafootballThethieflookedaroundthehouse.Whenhemadesurethatnoonewasnoticinghim,hejumpedintotheroomthroughtheopenwindow.read只用于指看書或看其他maybe/maybe是副詞，“也許”perhaps。maybeMaybehewon’tcome.maybemay是情態(tài)動詞，be是連系動詞，表示“也許是”Hemaybeamiddleschoolstudent.他可能是個中學生。ShemaybewatchingTVnow.現(xiàn)在她也許在看電視。near/near用作形容詞或副詞，表示“近”、“接近”，也可作介詞，表示“在……附近”Comenearplease.Helivesneartheschool.nearly是副詞，意為“幾乎”、“將近”TheseasonsoftheyearinEnglandandtheU.S.A.arenearlytheno/noyes相對；no作形容詞時，notanotany。如：WehavenoclassesonSunday.=Wedon’thaveanyclassesonnotbe動詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞后，與謂語動詞使用，構成否定意義。Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.雞是不會游泳的Idon’tknowyournames.我不知道的名字neither/neither指“（兩者）都不……”Iknowneitherofthem.他們倆我都不認識。(2)“neitherof+代詞”構成主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neitherofthemishere.他們倆沒有一個人在這里。(3)none指“（三著或三者以上）都不……”，表示全否定，用于代三者或三者Noneofusthreeknowswherehelives.我們三個人誰也不知道他on/onThisisabookontheradio.aboutThisisabookabouttheradio.Thisisafilmaboutthewomanstar.這是一部關于那個女影星的puton/wear/bedressedin/dressputon表動作，“穿上、戴上”wear表狀態(tài)，“穿戴著bedressedindressup有“盛裝、喬裝、打扮”之意，表動作。dressTheboywearsanewcoattoday.這男孩今天穿著一件新大衣。It’scoldoutside.Putonmoreclothes.Thegirlisdressedinaredcoattoday.小今天穿著一件紅外衣Shehasdressedupinaredskirtforthey/yy(1)yvt.后接人作賓語，意為“和……比賽”；后接球類名詞作賓語（無冠詞），意為“打……球”；跟樂器名詞（the）意為“彈（拉、奏）”。如：Whoareyougoingtoy?你將和誰比賽？Ilikeyingtennis.我喜歡打網球。Canyouythepiano?你會彈鋼琴嗎(2)ywith短語中y為不及物動詞，后接介詞with+sb./意為“玩弄、玩（玩具）、玩耍”It’sdangeroustoywithfire.玩火是的Theboyisyingwithhistoytrain.小男孩在玩他的玩具火車pointat/point二者都含有“指向”pointat含有“指準某個方向”Shepointedatoneofthethings.pointto只表示“指向某一個方向”Hepointedtothemountainsfaraway.聯(lián)想：shoutatsb.沖著喊；throw…at…把……砸向nt/(1)nt指“栽入土中”，是一種涉及時間較段的動作(2)grow不僅指“種下”，還包括其后培育的過程，涉及的時間較長，-Whatdoesyourfatherdo?-Hegrowsflowers.Don’tnttheflowersbeforemid-April.不要在四月中旬種花problem/question/(1)problem多指“習題，問題”，通常也指要解決或決定的問題，尤其指比較的問題、社會問題。Heisthinkingaboutamathsproblem.Youaregettingfatter.It’saproblem.你長胖了，這可是個問題。(2)question常指由于對某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的問題，askanswer連用。MayIaskaquestion?(3)matter意為“事情”、“問題”，常指遇到意外的麻煩或令人煩惱的“問題”What’sthematterwithyou?receive/這兩個詞都是及物動詞，表示“接到、收到”receive強調“收到、接到”Ireceivedaletteryesterday.昨天我收到了Theyreceiveda accept強調立場上的結果，表“領受、接受”IreceivedhisgiftbutIdidn’tacceptit.我收到了他的，但我沒有接受它raisevt.“舉起，升高”Pleaseraiseyourhandwhenyouknowtheanswer.risevi.“上升”Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.從東方升起，西方落下rise還可作“起床，起身”解。Heriseearly.rightaway/rightnow/atonce/justrightawayatonceI’llreturnthebookrightaway.rightnowThedoctorisbusyrightnow.I’llgiveyouoneortwoinstancesjustnow.我正要給你舉一兩個例子。justnow用于過去時的句子里時，表示“剛才”。如：Hecamebackjustnow.send/sendsend含有“派遣、寄送”I’vethoughtaboutit.I’llsendyouthere.Tomsendshismothersomemoneyeverymonth.每個月給他母親寄點錢sendfor意為“派人去請，派人去拿”，不是本人去請去拿。其賓語可以是人，PleasekeepituntilIsendforit.請把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。Onedayhismotherwasill;shesentforadoctor.spend/take/takeit句型：Ittakessbtimetodosth.Ittookmethreehourstofinishmywork.3spend則用人作主語，常用的句型是“sb.spendstime(in) ngsth.”。Hespent30minutes(in)writingtheletter.他用了30分鐘寫那封信。cost表示花時間時不能用于表示花具體時間（如幾個小時、幾天等其賓語多是表示含糊的時間（alongtime,muchtime等），再就是它不能用ngtheworkcosttheworkersalongtime.做這項工作花了工人們很長的時間。cost后面地用于句型“It/sth.costsb.+金錢”，表示“花……錢做某事”TheTVsetcosthim5000yuan.這臺電視機花了他5000元。注意：cost—costcost過去式、過去分詞和一樣。 多用于句型paysthforsthsosothat“以便”、“為了”Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.他起得早為了趕第一班車。sothatcan/may等。so…that“如此……以至……”，thatHeissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfurther.Thefilmissointerestingthathewantstoseeitsound一般指“聲音”，指物體間互相碰撞發(fā)出voice一般指人或鳥兒發(fā)出noise指的是“嘈雜”，即引起人們不愉快的喧鬧、嘈雜音。Canyouheartheterriblesoundjustnow?剛才你聽到那個可怕了嗎？Thefamoussingerhasabeautifulvoice.這位有名的有一副好嗓子。Pleasestopmakingnoises,boys.孩子們，請停止吵鬧了。say/ l/say為及物動詞，表示“說的內容”，有別人原話之意WangFangsays,”Iamastudent.”說：“我是一個學生。speak為不及物動詞，speakatthemeeting,在會上發(fā)言，speak后接語言時才作及物動詞，speakEnglish說英語。lvt.有“告誡、吩咐、講述”的意思，lsb.todosth.告訴做某事lastory講故事，lalie說謊talkvi.主要側重雙方“交談”，指雙方活動；talkwith/tosb.和交談talkaboutsth.some/一般情況下，some用于肯定句，后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；any用于否定句和疑問句，Therearesomebooksonthedesk.書桌上有一些書。Isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水嗎？some,Wouldyoulikesometea?MayIhavesomemorebread.Iamstillhungry.trytodo/ trytodo和 ng兩者意義不同，區(qū)別在于trytodosth.“努力去做，盡力做”=tryone’sbesttodo…Hetriedtoclimbthetree.他試著努力爬那棵樹。 ngsth.指“嘗試做……看看，有何結果”，暗示在這之前已試過Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingthebacktill/till(until)所表示的時間為止。如：You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.Weworkedtill/untillunchtime.工作到吃午飯的時間用在否定句中，意為“直到……才……”till/Ididn’tknowthefactuntilIreadyourletter.我讀了你的信后才知道Shedidn’tgotobedtill/untilshefinishedheruntil,不能用tillUntilhewas16,hehadneverbeenawayfromhisuntil,tillA.Notuntil9o’clockdidthemeetingbegin.直到九點鐘會議才開始。B.在Itisnotuntil…that強調句型中。如：Itwasnotuntilthebellrangthatthestudentsstopped直到上課了，學生們才停止談話thanksfor/thanksthanksfor表示“因為……而表示感謝”Thanksforyourhelp.thanksto有兩種意思，作為非慣用法，其一意為“對……的謝意thanks作名詞用；其二意為“多虧了……”Pleasegivemythankstoyourparents.請轉達我對你的父母親的謝意。Thankstospacesa lites,theworlditselfis ingamuchsmallerce.多虧有了太空，世界自身才變得towards/這兩個詞都有“向、朝、對于”towards表示“向著某個方向”，沒有“到達”Theysawadogcomingtowardsthem.tocome\go\move\return等動詞后,表示“向、往”,有“到達”ItwasrainingwhenIcametoschoolthisvery/quite/rather/這四個詞都是副詞，表示“很、十分”very沒有褒貶之義，中性詞。verygood/bad/quite帶有褒義，有“贊揚、贊美”之意。quitegood/rather帶有貶義，有“批評”、“鄙視”之意。ratherfattoo也帶有貶義，在這些詞中程度最大，有“過于”、“太……”。toonoisy太噪，toofat太胖。what…for/what…forwhy都可譯為“為什么”動詞不定式來回答；whybecause①Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?你要干什么②-WhatdidTomcomeherefor?為什么到這里來-Hecametoborrowmybike.③-Whywereyoulateforschool?你為什么上學-BecauseIdidn’tcatchthebus.whether/Peopleoftenaskmewhether/ifIlikefootball.人們常問我是否喜歡。if,whether。whetherornotIdon’tknowwhetherornothewouldcomeforourwhether引導的（主語）Whetherthisisrightornot,Ican’tsay.這事對與不對，我說Whetheryouwillgoisnoneofmybusiness.(3)whethertodosth.Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.noise,sound,﹡noise指的是人們不愿意聽到的“噪聲”表示“噪音喧鬧聲”，一般指嘈雜吵鬧等令人不快如：Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawake.街上的吵鬧聲讓我睡不著。Thenoiseoftherainnearlydrownedoutourconversation.雨聲大如：Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.突然，有了槍響聲和哭聲。如：Didyouhearthestrangesoundfromthenextroomthismorning?今天早上你是否聽到隔壁房間發(fā)出的怪聲音？﹡voice則指說話和唱歌的“嗓音”。一般指人說話，唱歌或笑。如：Thelittlegirlhasabeautifulvoice.這個小有一副好嗓子。Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.嗓音。queue,row,﹡queue表示“行列”、“長隊”，指由排隊等候的人或車輛組成的隊列，queue是英國英語、英語用line.例如：Theyarewaitinginaqueue.Or,Theyarewaitingin(a)line.他們正在排隊等候。﹡row表示“排；行”（行）IaminRowOne.﹡line表示“排；行”，指一排（行）queuerowline前面的不定冠詞可以省略，而queue,row前面的不定冠詞不能省略。例如：Pleaselookatpage8,line5.請看第八頁第五行。Theyarestandingin(a)line.(Theyarestandinginarow.)sick,這兩個詞都表示“生病的，有病的”，﹡ill是英國用語和分別是worse和worst,它是一個表語形容詞例如：Shewasillinbed，Sheisillwithacough.﹡sick表示“生病的”意思時是常見的美語用法。其實它還表示“作