語(yǔ)法拓展動(dòng)詞不定式全解

資料來(lái)源：3A動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、Asyoungadults,itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwitheachTheheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhisHowtomakerequestspoliyisThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishThefirstthingistogreetthe可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask,choose,agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect,hope,decide,learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。如：WedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygoHepreferstoeatwhitebreadandI’dlovetovisit動(dòng)詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,l...，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on...可用疑問(wèn)詞帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：CouldyoupleaselmewheretoparkmyItgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferent動(dòng)詞feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。如：Ifinditdifficulttorememberv-ingbegin,start,like,love等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作、將來(lái)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，v-ing形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是英語(yǔ)，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：ThenIstartedtowatchEnglish-languageI’mbeginningtounderstandmyroots,andwhoIIliketoeat感知?jiǎng)釉~like,love,know后接動(dòng)詞不定式或v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget,remember等。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stoptodo停下來(lái)做另外一件事，todo是目的狀語(yǔ)；stopng停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，ng是賓語(yǔ)。trytodo盡力做，tryng試試看；goontodo接著做另外的事，goonng繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事。如：WhenIlefthome,IhadforgottentobringitwithIstoppedusingthemlastIhavesomanychorestodoIcan’tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveBasketballhas eamorepopularsportforpeopletoHeneedstimetodoIsthatagoodcetohangYouwanttoknowthebestwaytogetaroundthe1)There’sjustsomuchtoseeanddo2)...buttherearestillmanythingstodotobedone，句子的賓語(yǔ)、在主語(yǔ)態(tài)句里用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask,allow,permit,advise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect,suppose,invite,encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach,lwant)，等待希望愿意(waitforwish,wouldlikelove)、IdinvitehertohavedinneratmyTeenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownEnglishissupposedtobeusedonphones.，動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是make，二“聽(tīng)”：hear,listento，一“感覺(jué)”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：，ThispicturemakesmefeelOfcoursewewanttoseeLiuYuachievehis帶to表直接幫助。在語(yǔ)態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)要帶to。1)...theycanhelpyoutocomparetwodifferentproductssothatyoucanbuytheoneyoureallyneed.2)UsingEnglishhelpsyouwritebesaid,besure,happen,seem等后面可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。Hedoesn’tseemtohavemanyBesurenottomissthemiftheycometoacitynearInordernottooffendpeople,learningaboutlanguageetiquetteisjustasimportantaslearninggrrorvocabulary.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogetherto(inordertosoasto)discussthisquestion.todo/inordertodo/soastodo用作目的狀語(yǔ)，置句末時(shí)都可以用，置句首時(shí)只用todoinordertodo。soastodo一般不置于句首，可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，inordertodo不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。原因狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”Mydogsnameis“Lucky”—agoodnameforhimbecauseIfeelveryluckytohaveOnMondayhetoldaradiointerviewerthathehadrunoutofmoneytobuyold結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“too...to”，“enoughto...”ThenI’mtootiredtodowell.WhatshouldITheroomneedstobebigenoughforthreepeopletolive的主語(yǔ)有邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap,dangerous,difficult,easy,fun,hard,interesting,necessary。不定式常用主動(dòng)式表意義。...themistakesyoumadearenecessaryforyoutolearnandI’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,IonlyeatfoodthattastesTobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldn’tunderstandevery動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“forofsb.todosth.”forof引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前面的形容詞是careful,cleverfoolish,good,kind,nicewise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。fordangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說(shuō)明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：Itsalsoprobablyagoodideaforparentstoallowteenagerstostudyingroupsduringtheevening.Zoosareterriblecesforanimalsto動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what,which,who或疑問(wèn)副詞how,when,where,使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.作賓語(yǔ)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主語(yǔ)What