不定式與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

#不定式與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換-中考之總結(jié)+練習(xí)題一、動(dòng)詞不定式是一個(gè)僅僅含有動(dòng)詞原形和附加成分（賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)）以及連帶成分（狀語(yǔ)）的短語(yǔ)，轉(zhuǎn)換為從句時(shí)主要圍繞動(dòng)詞做文章。既然不定式變成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以下幾點(diǎn)必需要考慮：1.在原句中找出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，使其成為轉(zhuǎn)換成句子后的主語(yǔ)；2.確定不定式所表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)或情態(tài)，把轉(zhuǎn)換后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)（將來(lái)、一般、完成或進(jìn)行），有時(shí)候還有必要另加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might；3.確定原不定式在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)），然后加上必要的關(guān)連詞改為相應(yīng)的從句。二、與轉(zhuǎn)換有關(guān)的不定式的相關(guān)知識(shí)A.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有下列幾種情況1.句子的主語(yǔ)就是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：Hehelpedtobuildareservoir.YoumustcometoseemeonSunday.WhathaveIdonetomakeyousoangry?2.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是相鄰的名詞It'skindofyoutoseeme.Weknowhertobeabravegirl.Didyouseehimentertheroom?Itisforyoutodecide.3.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)存在于不言自明的語(yǔ)境中Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.（可能是we,you或everybody）Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.（we）Itiswrongnottohelpothers.（we,they或you）B.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.不定式的一般式的行為常表示下列兩種時(shí)間：*如果作賓補(bǔ)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：Isawhimgoout.Wouldyouhelpmetoputthingsinorder?*其他情況多數(shù)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.Hewantedtobeanactor.2.不定式的完成式的行為發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3.不定式的進(jìn)行式的行為發(fā)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：Heseemstoberecovering.C.不定式的詞性以及在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.名詞性主語(yǔ)：Itisourdutytohelpyou.賓語(yǔ)：Shedecidedtotryagain.表語(yǔ)：Herjobistotakecareofthechildren.2.形容詞性定語(yǔ):Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.3.副詞性目的狀語(yǔ)：Hecameheretoseemeyesterday.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：Heistooexcitedtogotosleep.形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。amsorrytohearthat.三、轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)例1.不定式名詞從句Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.（主語(yǔ)）--Itisagreatpleasure（thatwecan）talkwithhim.Hehopestobeasailor.（賓語(yǔ)）一Hehopes（thathecan）beasailor.Mysuggestionistowaitalittlelongger.（表語(yǔ)）--Mysuggestionis（thatweshould）waitalittlelongger.Theplantofinishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin.（同位語(yǔ)）--Theplan（thatwe/theyshould）finishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin.2.不定式定語(yǔ)從句Heistheonlyonetogotothepartyinourclass.--Heistheonlyone（whowill/may）gotothepartyinourclass.3.不定式狀語(yǔ)從句Weallworkhardinordertocompleteourassignmentintime.（目的）--Weallworkhardinorder（thatwecan）completeourassignmentintime.Wehurriedsoastobeintimeforthemeeting.（目的）--Wehurriedsoas（thatwemight）beintimeforthemeeting.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy（結(jié)果）--Heistooyoung（thathecouldnot）jointhearmy.Hisbehaviourwassuchasforusalltorefusetoreceivehiminourhomes.（結(jié)果）--Hisbehaviourwassuch（thatweallrefused）toreceivehiminourhomes.I'mverysorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（原因）--I'mverysorry（because/as/forhavekeptyouwaiting.四、不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換有時(shí)候不能死板硬套上面的格式，有些特殊情況還需要特殊對(duì)待。如：Foramoment（Iseemedto）havelostconsciousness.--（ItseemedthatI）hadlostconsciousness.（Theyhappenedto）meeteachotherinthestreet.--（Itsohappenedthat）theymeteachotherinthestreet.賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，也是中考的熱點(diǎn)。賓語(yǔ)從句與不定式（短語(yǔ)）的轉(zhuǎn)換是中考考點(diǎn)之一，現(xiàn)將應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題歸納如下：.【考題引導(dǎo)】A：Theyhaven'tdecidedwhichcameratheywillchoose.（2004年濱州）B：Theyhaven,tdecidedwhichcameratochoose.【要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hope，agree，wish，decide，choose等后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，并且該從句的主語(yǔ)與其主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式（短語(yǔ)）。如：A：Thegirlhopesthatshecanbeadoctorsomeday.B：Thegirlhopestobeadoctorsomeday.A：Fatherdecidedthathewouldbuyanewcomputerforme.B：Fatherdecidedtobuyanewcomputerforme..【考題引導(dǎo)】A：DoyouknowwhenwewillvisittheGreatWall?（2004年襄樊）B：DoyouknowwhentovisittheGreatWall?【要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know，tell，forget，remember，learn，explain等后接疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，且該從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）+不定式（短語(yǔ)）”形式。如：A：Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.A：JimtoldLinTaohowhewouldspendtheday.B：JimtoldLinTaohowtospendtheday..【考題引導(dǎo)】A：CouldyoupleaseteachmehowIsearchtheInternet?（2003年邢臺(tái)）B:CouldyoupleaseteachmehowtosearchtheInternet?【要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞tell,ask,show,teach等后接雙賓語(yǔ)，且直接賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（從句主語(yǔ)與主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致）時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）+不定式（短語(yǔ)）”形式。如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcanstartthemachine?B：Couldyoutellmehowtostartthemachine?A：Sheaskedmewhichskirtsheshouldchoose.B：Sheaskedmewhichskirttochoose.注意：以上三種情況中，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)意義。.【考題引導(dǎo)】A：Wefoundthathewasacleverboy.（2003年南京）B：Wefoundhimacleverboy.【要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】suppose，feel，think，believe，find等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為含有不定式短語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。1）賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)，從句的謂語(yǔ)部分轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)“tobe+形容詞/名詞”。如：A：Ifindthattheplanisinteresting.B：Ifindtheplan（tobe）interesting.A：Allofherfriendssupposethatsheisagoodstudent.B：Allofherfriendssupposehertobeagoodstudent.2.賓語(yǔ)從句“itis+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)”轉(zhuǎn)換成“it（形式賓語(yǔ)）+形容詞/名詞（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）+不定式短語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）”的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如：A：Wefinditisdifficulttopleaseher.B：Wefinditdifficulttopleaseher.A：Ithinkitismydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.B：Ithinkitmydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.賓語(yǔ)從句與不定式形式轉(zhuǎn)換：.Theyfounditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.（改為復(fù)合句）.Hisparentsthoughtitstrangethattheirsonhadn'twrittentothemfortoolong.（改為復(fù)合句）finditimportanttolearnanewskill.（改為復(fù)合句）.Heconsideredhimselfanexpertonthesubject.（改為復(fù)合句）.Afteralongsearch,wefoundtheboysafe.（改為復(fù)合句）.Weoftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.（改為復(fù)合句）.A11ofusthinkMr.Greenagoodperson.（改為復(fù)合句）.Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingveryfast.（改為復(fù)合句）.I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.（可以用if嗎？）IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.（可以用if嗎？）Idon'tknowwhethertogo.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.（可以用if嗎？）.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.（可以用if嗎？）.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.（可以用if嗎？）.LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.（改為復(fù)合句）.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）.Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）.Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）.Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）一下都是0.Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassed.AttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday..Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver..Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews.I'mgladIhaveseenyourmother..Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawhersondoingsowellatschool..Hewasveryhappywhenhesawussohappy..Theywillbedisappointedwhentheyhearit.wassoforgetfulthatIdidn'tlockthedoorlastnight..Therobotwassocarefulthatitremindedmeofthis..IgotupearlysothatIcouldgettothestationintime..Heissocarelessthathealwaysmakesmistakesinhiswork..Heissostrongthathecancarrythebigbox.33.Idon'tknowwhereIshouldgonext.34.Ithasbeendecidedwhenwewillleavetheterribleplace.35.Thoughheislonely,hedoesn'tknowwhohecantalkto.二、用所給詞的形式填空：1.Doyouknowhow（pronounce）theword?2.Isawtheboys（swim）inthepool.3.Iwonder（if）Icanpasstheexamornot.foundit（possible）tofinishthisworkinsuchashorttime.henoticedaboy（lie）onthefloorandcrying..Theydecided（buy）adigitalcameraonline.三、復(fù)合句改為簡(jiǎn)單句，簡(jiǎn)單句改為復(fù)合句.Heissoyoungthathecannottotoschool.--Heisyounggotoschool..Sheissoleverthatshecanworkouttheproblem.Sheisworkouttheproblem..Heexerciseseverydaysothathecankeepfit.--Heexerciseseverydaykeepfit..Hewentoverhiscompositionagainandagainsoasnottomakeanymistakes--Hewentov