黃河鐵謝工程彎道改造芻議

1DiscussionabouttransformationofcurveconduitofYellowriverTiexieprojectLiuyouzhan(westernhenanYellowRiverAffairsBureau)Abstract:Tiexieprojectwaspassivelybuiltduetorushtodealwithemergency,itisseparatedtotwoup-downbendinnorthgatedam(number10dam).Untillast70centuries,stuffanddescendprojectswererespectivelybuiltinupanddownthedam.Thoughthebuildingofprojectscann’ttransportdownstreamthe10dam,itwassuitedtotemporalwater-sedimentconditions,theriverwasinaperfectcondition.Afterthe“96.8〞flooding,theTiexieproject’sinflowpointascendcontinually,sincetheprojectdidn’tdevelopaintegratesmoothbendandwater-sedimentconditionsarechanging,thedisadvantageriverconditionsthatLucunprojectisnearriverbegantoappear.TosettleTiexieprojecttransporteffectively,theemphasesofprojectbendishowtoimprove入溜conditions,makestuffprojectcomplete,makeprojectaintactsmoothbendanduseriverbeddredgeuptoimproveinflow,streamguidanceandoutflowconditionsofriverbedproject.Keywords:Tiexieproject;bend;fluctuatingriver;riverregulation;Yellowriver1thequestionsputforwardYellowriverTiexieprojectisbetweenBaiheandHuimengcountry,Mengjincounty,24kmdownstreamxiaolangdidam,southbankofYellowriver,itisuptoBaipoprojectanddowntoLucunproject,7.45kmtotallengths.TiexieprojectisininitialsectionsdownstreamYellowriver,itplaysaimportantroleincontrollingfloodandrivercircumstances.Inalongtime,becauseTiexieproject’splaneconditionisnotsmooth,outletflowisunsteady,oftenswingsinabout2kmnearLucunproject,thismaketherivercircumstancesbyLucunprojectisveryunsteadyandonlyitsdownsectionisnearriverafter1996.thelongtimeunsteadyofLucunprojectmustdisturbriverconditionsdownstreamandmaketheresultsofriverimprovementfail.SincecomplexriverboundariesofTiexieproject,riverisrestrictedtobridgeandbeachandcann’tadjustitself.Meanwhile,withtheconstructionofxiaolangdi,qixiayuanreservoir,taiaohighspeedyellowriverroadandsoon,riverregimehavesomenewthingsandproblems.Sospeedingatconstructingriverregulation,rebuildingTiexieproject,buildingsmoothandplanflowguidancebendtomakethemsuitedtonewwater-sedimentboundaryconditonsarekeysofthisriverreachregulationandemergentneedsofdownstreamwanderingriverregulation.打2既.b逆as封ic盤c慢on吸di持ti電on廈s度of杰r恒iv際er夫w閉ay罪2.血1色ch梯ar新ac唉te償ri奧st唉ic橡s護(hù)of立r滋iv乓er招w丘ay容T辭he朵r碌ea產(chǎn)ch軋o傻f嗓Ye虎ll男ow餐彩ri陡ve待r梳T買ie橡x巧ie贏p軍ro畝je爸ct光i庭s殖re何ac準(zhǔn)h校t依ha咬t冰is泡t做ra筐ns耗it先ed轟f堵ro監(jiān)m寨mo襲un鵲ta藝in喬a策re殲as遼r墳iv權(quán)er抱t衰o待fl撥uv翁ia歡l花pl手ai瘡n.墾葡I已n速mo族un迫ta炕in廚a膝re宰as盒,然wa首te根r載fl攏ow奧品di氧ff充us手e構(gòu)s牛an涉d負(fù)ve邊lo蓄ci獲ty孫i堆s星sl沈ow辨,歇sa坐nd會(huì)-c兵ob瘋bl枕e槳be槍d魂lo恐ad嶼w睬hi陸ch封a竿re叼b美ro紙ug繡ht將f女ro變m傲up趣pe卵r訓(xùn)ra北vi丸ne斷r疼iv憲er稅b桌ed機(jī)c熟an田b浮e遍de協(xié)po伏si揚(yáng)te防d細(xì)in丟r繳iv算er棄s軍ec睬ti拆on渡,報(bào)so泛s簡(jiǎn)an訊d-竄co非bb釋le包r遞iv順er頸i洲sl閑an餡d百th跑at桃h胸as物淚se呼ve洲r(nóng)a膝l券f共lo求w后br提an偵ch隆es都d煮is況tr嗽ib刪ut撒ar府y梨is頓d帶ev雙el羽op祥ed擴(kuò)u迷pp攔er袖Y抽el寄lo尾w仁ri款ve畜r鴨ro隨ad保b杏ri冶dg禽e,珍L蜓uo稠Y忌an拔g.倦汽R禁iv鞋er烏i簡(jiǎn)sl務(wù)an艙d享is么山co幼ns岡ti陰tu掀te蕉d懇o摩f浩sc難re卡e異an巴d邁ru睛de抱s曾an段d,喪i燥t厚is古i拐n雀th拆e壇no飯rt槍h汽ce泄nt籃er臺(tái)o稿f常ri粗ve胸r禽be未d董an仰d限is身1m瞞-5射m鄉(xiāng)ta騾ll順er死t沃ha構(gòu)n究ri北ve斷r國(guó)be籠d,滲i婆ts勤t位op磚i奶s外sa蘇nd鉆y即ro句am邁a賀nd狀b伏ot容to擴(kuò)m捉is申r妻ou齊nd集g功ra繞ve校l陶an朋d春sc亮re門e.系拒G市en但er飛al硬ly罰,宇ri肯ve縣r摟be擋d援is萌c荷ov炮er肌ed姜b銜y攜sa妨nd虜-c瞞ob查bl器e,搭g染ra礦in茶d筑ia國(guó)me睛te陶r彼fr糟om預(yù)2諒0臉to喉2鑼00亮m艱m,鍛t岡he黑w丟id株th恩o灘f牛ri骨ve淹r勁is講2飼50徹0m微,揪wi蹈dt御h諒of才m倘ai系n庫(kù)ri挨ve桌r國(guó)ch證an咳ne盞l涌is含5車00今-7襲00傾m,謝s芳lo箭pe樣o約f歐ri術(shù)ve仗r漿be革d肚is盜間0.件5醫(yī)‰膚~0可.7摧‰耕,過th竊e嗓de切pt臺(tái)h傘of銳s員cr議ee換d往ow彈n咸Lu過o退Ya欠ng千b使ri騰dg獲e蠶is情奧gr休ad犧ua銀ll迷y閃i毫nc能re李as兼ed廚,食it羨s全ri醬ve麗rb枝ed蝦i惠s誓co街ns纏is敞t以of避r位ud膚e醬sa摘nd俱,償be戚ac本h鎮(zhèn)is唯u援ns鄰te草ad燒y顧an份d貌sl峽op朵e堡of挑r飽iv辣er翠w弊ay覆i犧s應(yīng)0.脊26略5爛‰鮮.夠2.澆2櫻ch胖ar獲ac競(jìng)te么ri評(píng)st革ic摸o桐f客wa撞te肉r-招se酸di墻me魚nt控A羽cc紫or虧di耕ng竹t耕o內(nèi)Xi貢ao泡la臨ng誦d范i屑hy往dr誦au短li黨c管s闖ta帖ti淘on怪d沫at淋um睡,差th殖e輸av柴er累ag樂e悅an俊nu保al舉d雀is娃ch凳ar器ge倉(cāng)o來f跪th螞e墓ri侍ve源r亞re平gi捕me膜i象s醫(yī)37夫8.泳38燈h清un科dr姻ed盆m臣il敵li飲on他像m抬3愿f材ro遺m蕩19糾56族t招o自19紀(jì)95擱,饅th乓e源se譯di爬m(xù)e浴nt鬧d曲is著ch監(jiān)ar承g(shù)e蓮i庸s譯11警.4奧h宋un腸dr劃ed財(cái)m廣il銹li座on隆t談on庫(kù)s.棒昨A笨ve傾ra拌ge窄蚊di蟲sc咬ha章rg玩e粥i葛s岔20酬0沈hu濫nd叛re生d翅mi獨(dú)ll晉io貌n港m昆3消in裝f鍋lo釀od憐s痰ea找so早ns乓,蜘is返貫53配%鞏o貿(mào)f眾to噸ta置l蜻di酒sc益ha蠅rg熟es允,裹me抖an剃a薪nn篩ua幫l懸di剪sc歲ha形rg甚e多is搜1備30帖0悔m膛3香/輛s束.算th投e托v戶ir隊(duì)tu炎al播c汽ha剝ng激es統(tǒng)o閃f虧se耽di紛me惹nt險(xiǎn)齊am脊ou藍(lán)nt伐s諷ar浮e崇hi交gh捏,捐30尋h后un逐dr戀ed撫m五il毅li疲on時(shí)t霸on史s回if繭t補(bǔ)he賴s竭an鑄d酸ar脆e淡mu奮ch核a煉nd別1眠0晨hu脖nd歡re班d磚mi扣ll劃io運(yùn)n搖if吳i那么t峰is廚l哈it猛tl梁e,蜘a慈ve妖ra鑄ge葡s刺ed核im帖en隆t母co渣nc坦en棋tr駕at珍io拔n陰is建營(yíng)33敢.9笨kg絞/邁m附3像.膜t敞he鑼re芬w菠er蜻e寄hi撞gh總s揉ed無im疏en帶t王co郊nc咳en酷t(yī)r機(jī)at哨io降n犬fl邪oo煩d擴(kuò)in爬1君99唱6,束t繼he言m票os愿t網(wǎng)hi亂gh遺s率ed節(jié)im序en鼠t您co伸nc轟en裳tr帥at繪io救n貸is協(xié)9膜41奏k鞭g/傭m辦3相.光攜U違nt沿il鄙s到lu床ic柴e帆in鐘X魯ia朽ol皆an鋼gd莫i睡re修se眾rv貫oi淘r逃Oc全to挑be給r棵,1珠99勿9,悔d窯ow都ns婆tr胡ea貼m嗚wa濾te子r-毫se挪di蹤me喬nt嗓c選ha繪ng飼ed輝o喝bv屈io求us訴ly億i感n姿th惱e扇af花fl謙ue睛nc嫩e攤of糞t敘he休丘re唯se錯(cuò)rv值oi膜r騰.得T跪he鑼m嶺ai黃n蹄fe沸at癢ur丸es規(guī)a盾re資:廟th姻e牌fl遍ux燦i翁s左ob寶vi塵ou臭sl醬y秘sl稅ow烤er臣,快th卻e捉sc患o(jì)p識(shí)e趙of街f殖lu召x魂fl豈uc嶼tu乘at申io稈n輕de款cr盈ea冤se蝦d,席d挪is環(huán)ch閑ar唇ge摔i侍s嶄ne獄ar燥ly毫e餃q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bendanddownextendprojectthatwererebuiltthroughTiexieprojectcouldnotmakethewholevulnerablespotasmoothbend,itwashardtoarrangetheriverregime.Then,becauseupperinflowconditionwasstable,theemphasiswashowtomakedam10asmoothbendandtheupperonesofprojectwasomitted.Thefirstbattlementlaycrossly,thespacebetweeneachbattlementandtheangleofdamflowweredifferent,viewingfrominaplane,dam1protrudedintotheriver,wasboundedtodam1.whentheoutflowpointwasvary,theinfluencetothebackwardriverregimewasdifferent.Theinitialflowpointofvulnerablespotwasdam1-2,blockedbay1-4streamedsmoothly,theupperbendofseveraldamflowsmoothly,flowedthroughblockedbayprojectanddam10,thedamofLucunprojectwaslong,thedegreesofflowincreasedgraduallyandtheflowguidancewasideal.Theinitialflowspotofvulnerablespotascendedtorevetment4,Baiheinflowwenttorevetment4beforebankstandbend,themainstreamguidedtoTiexiechannelbarthroughdam1andthenwentuptoblockedbay’sfaceatabigangel,thedamsentflowoutandtheoutflowwentsouthtotheendofLucunproject.4.3theinfluenceof“96.8〞floodandwater-sedimentofupriverAfterthe“96.8〞flood,tiexieproject’sflowpointascended,inflowanglewentpartiallybigger,thebigonewassenttosoutheastbydam1-3,blockeddam5didnotstreamthatleadtothedisadvantageofthelucunprojectwasstandbytheriver.Afterthe“96.8〞flood,waterandsedimentthatwerefromupriverdecreasedobviously,andthewerenotbigfloodinthefloodseasonespeciallyaftertheXiaolangdiprojectworkedthatmaderinsingdischarged,butlongtermconditionthatsmallriverregimemakeTiexieprojectflowpointascenddidnotchange,andgraduallyintensify,revetmentbankgraduallycollapsedandretreated.Tiexieflowconditionwerenotimprovedandthedisadvantageriverregimelasted.4.4influenceanalysisofsandandcobbleriverbedtoriverregimeTheupperofTiexieprojecthadachannelbar,underthecentertherewerenotfloodplain,thebeachheadwaserodewhenbiginundationandtheeffectwasnotobvious.Meanwhile,theriverchannelexistedsmallcobblebeach,andtheinfluencetotheriverregimewasinthevarietywiththeflux.Afterthe96.8flood,especiallyXiaolangdireservoirworked,waterdiminishedfromupriver,TiexiechannelbarcobblerestrictedBaipooutflowandTiexieprojectwentonascended,thechangesofriverregimedidnotenhancethecapabilityofvulnerablespotflow.AfterthesteamwentoutofLuoyangroadbridge,theriverwayextendedquicklyandtheslopeofriverminishedquickly,thebeachbetweenTiexieandLucuntransformedataunregularrule,therewereseveralbranchesriverinthechannel.Before1996,theupriver’swaterwasrichandwasinfluencedlittlebysand-cobblebeach,theriverregimewasnormalataglobalview.Afterthe96.8flood,thedisadvantageriverregimewasdeveloped.Thoughtwosubmergeddamwerebuiltin2000and2003attheendofTiexieproject,sand-cobbleriverbed,especiallytheappearanceofcobblebeachandtheriverbed’sgeneraldown-cuttingbetweenTiexieandLucun,mainstreamwasblockedoffbycobblebeachaftersubmergeddam,itstillsteamedinthedownsouthriveranddidnotinfluencethewholeriverregime,Lucunprojectthatwasnearriverwasnotimprovedfundamentally.5countermeasureandstepofbendtransformation5.1makeprojectinflowunderdam1ThemainproblemofTiexieprojectwasinflowcouldnotreachLucunprojecteffectively,analyzingthereasonsofriverregime’schanges,Tiexieprojectinflowedascendedcontinuallywastheoneofmainreasons.Inthecurrentwaterandsedimentcondition,tosolvetheinflowascendwastoeliminatetheTiexiechannelbar’sinfluencetoinflow.Channelbarwasmainlyinfluencedbysmallriverregime,diggingnorthbranchriverofTiexiechannelbarandmadesmallwentnorthbranchriverintoblockedproject.Asubmergedamwasbuiltbeforerevetment4ofmainriverchanneltomakemainstreamabovemediumwateracrossrevetment4,inflowunderdam1,smallwaterstreamwentTiexienorthbranchofchannelbarandtheblockedbaywassmooth.5.2transformedtheprojecttobasicsmoothbendTiexieprojectwasincompleteandtheupperbendwasnotasmoothbend,fromthe70s,80son,theblockedprojectwasbuilt,thisdidnotreachtheidealeffectofsendingflowtounderdam10,butwassuitedtothewater-sedimentconditionofthetime,theprojectplayedaimportantrole,sinceinupperbendthedamandbattlementlaycrossly,outflowbendwasnotsuitableandthespacingofdamwasdifferent,theinfluencetobackwardpositionriverregimewasnotthesame.Consideringwaterandsedimentcondition,Tiexieupperbend’sadjustmentmadetheinflowparallelwithvulnerablespotonthebasisofformerblockedbend,thedirectionofoutflowwasinaccordancewiththelinethatdam4and10connected,adjustingbendradiusproperly.Underthecondition,bendguidedtodam10andwentonaftermainstreamwentintovulnerablespot,thatmaderiverregimedeveloptowardsideality.5.3improvingriverregimetousechanneldredgingChannelbarandmarginalbeachofsand-cobbleriverbedhadstrongrestrictiontoriverchannel,whensomeflowrelationsofriverwaywasestablishedandshapingriverregime,theriverregimecouldnotbetransformedbyitselfwithoutlargescaleofflood.Accordingtowaterandsedimentconditionsforthepastfewyears,thechanceofthatfloodchangedtheriverregimewaslittle,andwiththedevelopmentofmechanization,itwaspossibletorectifyriverbedthroughdredgingriverway.So,thecurrentemphasesisthechannelbarnearTiexieandLuoyangYellowriverroadbridge,oncethebeacheswereregulatedaccordingtoguidancelineandtherequirementofflowproject,improvingtheconditionsofinflow,guidanceflowandoutflow,itwillplayasignificantroletoreversethedisadvantageoftheriverreach.黃河鐵謝工程彎道改造芻議劉有戰(zhàn)〔豫西黃河河務(wù)局，河南洛陽(yáng)471000〕摘要：由于鐵謝工程為歷年相繼搶險(xiǎn)而被動(dòng)修建，自北門壩〔10壩〕為界分為上下兩個(gè)彎道。自上世紀(jì)70年代開始，先后在10壩以上修建了填灣工程，10壩以下修建了下延工程。工程的修建雖然沒有到達(dá)將溜送至10壩以下目的，但適應(yīng)了當(dāng)時(shí)的來水來沙條件，河段河勢(shì)處于較為理想的狀態(tài)?！?6·8〞洪水過后，鐵謝工程著溜點(diǎn)持續(xù)上提，由于工程本身尚未形成一個(gè)完整的平滑彎道，而且近年來來水來沙條件的變化，河床下切，河勢(shì)受砂卵石心灘與邊灘影響，出現(xiàn)了逯村工程一直僅下首靠河的不利河勢(shì)。要解決鐵謝工程有效送溜至逯村工程的問題，工程彎道改造應(yīng)著眼于改善工程入溜條件，完善填灣工程，使工程形成一個(gè)完整的平滑彎道，并運(yùn)用河道疏浚來改善河道整治工程的入溜、導(dǎo)溜和送溜條件。關(guān)鍵詞：鐵謝工程；彎道；游蕩性河段；河道整治；黃河1問題的提出黃河鐵謝工程位于孟津縣白鶴、會(huì)盟兩鎮(zhèn)，黃河南岸小浪底壩下24km處，上迎白坡工程來溜，送溜至逯村工程，全長(zhǎng)7.45km。鐵謝工程所處河段是黃河下游游蕩性河段的起始段，對(duì)下游防洪平安和河勢(shì)控制起著重要作用。長(zhǎng)期以來，由于鐵謝工程的平面形態(tài)不是一個(gè)平滑的彎道，工程出流不穩(wěn)，河出鐵謝常在逯村工程前近2km范圍內(nèi)擺動(dòng)，使逯村工程靠河形勢(shì)極不穩(wěn)定，從1996年汛后開始僅下部靠河。逯村工程長(zhǎng)期處于不穩(wěn)定靠溜狀態(tài)，勢(shì)必?cái)_亂下游河道的河勢(shì)流路，使河道整治所取得的成績(jī)功虧一簣。由于鐵謝工程河段河床邊界復(fù)雜，河勢(shì)流路受橋梁、河心灘制約，不具備依靠水流自行調(diào)整河勢(shì)的條件。同時(shí)，小浪底、西霞院水庫(kù)、太澳高速黃河公路橋等工程的相繼建設(shè)，河段內(nèi)也出現(xiàn)了一些新情況、新問題。因此加快本河段河道整治步伐，改建鐵謝工程，建設(shè)規(guī)順平滑的導(dǎo)流彎道，理順河勢(shì)流路，適應(yīng)新的水沙和邊界條件變化，是本河段河道整治的關(guān)鍵，也是黃河下游游蕩性河段河道治理的迫切需要。2河段河道的根本概況2.1河道特點(diǎn)黃河鐵謝工程所處河段，是黃河由山區(qū)性河道向沖積性平原河道過渡的河段。由于河出山區(qū)，水流擴(kuò)散，流速相對(duì)減緩，上游峽谷河床帶來的砂卵石推移質(zhì)易在河段內(nèi)沉淀，從而在洛陽(yáng)黃河公路大橋以上，形成了多股河汊分流的砂卵石河心灘。河心灘根本上由卵石和粗砂組成，位于河道中北側(cè)，高于河床1m~5m，上部為砂壤土，下部接近河床處為圓礫石、卵石。河床一般砂卵石覆蓋，粒徑20mm~200mm，河寬2500m，主河槽寬500m~700m，河道縱比降0.5‰~0.7‰。洛陽(yáng)公路橋以下卵石埋深逐漸加大，床面由粗砂組成，心灘出沒不定，河道縱比降0.265‰。2.2水沙特性據(jù)小浪底水文站實(shí)測(cè)資料分析，本河段從1956年至1995年多年平均徑流量378.38億m3，輸沙量11.4億噸。汛期平均徑流量200億立米，占全年的53%，年平均流量1300m3/s。來沙量年際變化較大，來沙多的年份接近30億噸，少的年份10億噸，平均含沙量33.9kg/m3。1973、1977、1992、1996年曾發(fā)生高含沙洪水，其中1977年洪水最大含沙量達(dá)941kg/m3。自1999年10月小浪底水庫(kù)蓄水以來，受水庫(kù)調(diào)蓄的影響，下游來水來沙情況發(fā)生明顯變化，主要表現(xiàn)為：流量明顯減小，流量波動(dòng)范圍變小，汛期非汛期來水量調(diào)平，汛期徑流量下降更為明顯；沙量明顯降低，1999~2002年多年平均含沙量為1.97kg/m3，輸沙量為10615萬t。2000年平均含沙量為0.292kg/m3，年輸沙量為442萬t；2001年平均含沙量為1.43kg/m3，年輸沙量為2213萬t。2002年平均含沙量為4.18kg/m3，年輸沙量為7960萬t。2.3河道沖淤天然河道情況下，鐵謝河段沖淤變化很大。據(jù)地形測(cè)量資料，鐵謝斷面1934年～1952年淤積7000m2，1952年～1960年淤積4290m2。三門峽水庫(kù)投入運(yùn)用后，河段河床發(fā)生顯著沖刷。1960年～1965年鐵謝斷面同流量水位顯著下降，流量3000m3/s時(shí)的水位下降了3.36m。1965年以后鐵謝河段繼續(xù)發(fā)生沖刷，至1968年鐵謝斷面累計(jì)沖刷面積超過20000m2，達(dá)最大值。1970年三門峽水利樞紐翻開底孔大量排沙，鐵謝河段迅速回淤，至1973年底回淤量最大時(shí)，鐵謝斷面回淤近5000m2。1974年三門峽水庫(kù)采取蓄清排渾運(yùn)用，鐵謝河段發(fā)生沖刷，至1976年8月鐵謝斷面累計(jì)沖刷又超過10000m2。此后1977年至1999年，隨著來水來沙條件的變化，鐵謝斷面又發(fā)生沖淤調(diào)整，但調(diào)整幅度不大，至1999年10月小浪底水庫(kù)投入運(yùn)用前，鐵謝斷面仍比1960年8月三門峽水庫(kù)投入運(yùn)用前沖刷約9000m2。小浪底水庫(kù)投入運(yùn)用后，河床沖刷比擬明顯，平均沖刷下切深度約2.5～3.0m，鐵謝斷面主槽沖深降低。3工程建設(shè)與河勢(shì)演變3.1歷史河勢(shì)鐵謝工程所在河段河道的形成已有4000余年歷史，由于河段左岸為青風(fēng)嶺，右岸為邙山，河道游蕩擺動(dòng)一直控制在其范圍內(nèi)。河段河勢(shì)變化主要發(fā)生在大洪水時(shí)，由于歷史上大洪水挾帶大量卵石推移質(zhì)泥沙出峽谷后驟然沉積，使得汊河發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈沖淤，并改變河勢(shì)。中小水時(shí)砂卵石河床根本穩(wěn)定，河勢(shì)變化不大。1933年~1958年期間，河出白坡后，分南北兩股，多年來南北兩股均可過溜，主流多走白鶴至白坡以下北河流路，與1933年相比河勢(shì)根本流路無明顯改變。1958年大水以后，北河消失，河出鐵謝，在逯村、鐵爐坐灣，進(jìn)入趙溝灣，形成接近現(xiàn)行流路趨勢(shì)的河勢(shì)。由于白鶴、白坡工程處主流位置南北移動(dòng)幅度較大，鐵謝工程靠河不穩(wěn)定，致使下游河勢(shì)紊亂。1960年至1964年期間鐵謝工程4護(hù)岸著流，靠河條件稍有改善，但鐵謝送溜不力。1969年修建白坡堵串工程，堵截白坡至冶戌鎮(zhèn)的串溝，北股河南移，過流逐漸減少，有效地遏制了北岸黃河高灘持續(xù)坍塌的嚴(yán)重局面。此后，白鶴、白坡來溜進(jìn)一步歸順，鐵謝工程常年靠河良好，送溜狀況改善，逯村附近開始連年坐彎，鐵爐以下河灣相應(yīng)開展，且各河灣均出現(xiàn)下移、塌灘現(xiàn)象。1971年開始修建逯村工程。1973年高含沙洪水塞支強(qiáng)干，鐵謝出流，北股淤塞，南股增強(qiáng)至80％，逯村21~31壩靠河。3.2鐵謝填灣與下延由于鐵謝工程為歷年相繼搶險(xiǎn)而被動(dòng)修建，整個(gè)險(xiǎn)工未形成一完整彎道，假設(shè)從平面布置上看，可自北門壩〔10壩〕為界分為上下兩個(gè)彎道，大水時(shí)，河勢(shì)下挫，河著北門壩以下，出流平順，其下逯村、花園鎮(zhèn)工程均相適應(yīng)；小水時(shí)，河勢(shì)上提，北門壩以上小灣著河，直沖逯村工程上首淘灣。鐵謝險(xiǎn)工的改造就是在北門壩以上1200m陡灣做填灣工程，使之與北門壩以下險(xiǎn)工組成一個(gè)平順灣道，控制大小水河勢(shì)出流一致。1973至1986年，先后完成了填灣1-5壩、下延1-5壩的建設(shè)。其中填灣1-5壩壩頭均處在31垛與北門壩〔10壩〕之壩頭連線上，下延工程壩頭連線位于治導(dǎo)線直線段上，壩頭連線的延長(zhǎng)線與對(duì)岸逯村工程10壩壩頭相對(duì)應(yīng)。1974年春填灣1、2修建完成后，由于填灣1、2壩頂托大溜，致使10壩〔北門壩〕靠溜不緊，導(dǎo)溜不利，出現(xiàn)了逯村工程下彎導(dǎo)溜的現(xiàn)象，1975年花園鎮(zhèn)工程脫河。由于期間來水來沙較豐，鐵謝入流條件相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，工程上首河勢(shì)變化不大，上彎及下首河勢(shì)有不斷調(diào)整的時(shí)機(jī)，逯村工程靠溜長(zhǎng)度有增加趨勢(shì)，河勢(shì)向有利方向開展，1985年以來該段河勢(shì)逐