譯中中譯譯文_第1頁(yè)
譯中中譯譯文_第2頁(yè)
譯中中譯譯文_第3頁(yè)
譯中中譯譯文_第4頁(yè)
全文預(yù)覽已結(jié)束

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

二“Webothknowthat,individualismisthebasicprincipleandguidelineinwesterncapitalistmoralvaluesandthecoreofthemodernbourgeoisiemorals.Thisvalueismanifestedbyputtingtheindividualinterestsfirstbeforethesocial,collectiveandothers’interestsandlookingononeselfasthecenter,selfishandegoistic.Individualismorientationisitsexpressioninone’smind.AccordingtoasurveyaboutthedegreeofindividualismorientationconductedbyGreetHofstedein40countriesandregions,theUSAtoppedthetable,andJapanwasinthe22ndce,HongKong32ndand36th,whichshowsthatindividualismisthewesterners’,especiallytheAmericans’rulesofconduct”[9](p45)“Inwesterncultures,everyonemustdeveloptheirownthoughtsandfeelingssoastomaintaintheharmonybetweenoneselfandtheenvironmentalsandcompetitions”[10](p150)BasedonthestatisticsaboutthedeathtollbecauseofwarssinceWWⅡbyBruein1990,thenumberwas200million,butKagan’sestimationwas50million.[]11(p112)Anexistenceofalanguageshowsitsmarketandtargetpeople.Facedwiththesbetween alinterestsandethics,whatkindofchoiceswilltheychoose?HowdotheindividualistsbalancethecollisionfromtheethicsandindividualinterestswhentheyarefacedwiththefactthattheUSAwagedtheforeignwarsanditcausedcasualties?Hegeldiscussedtheissueabout“virtue”and“worldprocess”inthebookPhenomenologyofMind.“‘Virtue’”meanstheideologyofsacrificingone’sownnatureandgivingup alpurposeandinterests.Anditsoppositionis objectivesandinterests,namely‘worldprocess’.‘Virtue’regardsthe‘worldprocess’asakindofthingwhichisopposedtothe‘kindness’andshouldfightitwithafirmhand.”IntheeyesofHegel, alityoralpurposeisinfactnotopposedtotheethicsbut,onthecontrary,itcontributestotheprocessofpublicinterests.TheAmericantransformedtheir alinterestsintonationalinterests.Inthispointofview,italsotacklesthebetweentheirethicsandtheworldprocess.Thetotalofeveryone’sinterests(worldprocess)isthestateinterests,i.e.thevirtue.TheAmericansputthestateinterestsinthefirstce,regardlessofothercountries’interests.ThisisalsothereflectionofAmericans’individualism,whichsetthestageforwareuphemism.After9.11affair,Americanernment’smilitaryinterventiontowardsAfghanistanandIraqpaidthepriceofhugecasualtiesandeconomiclose.ThisisalsobecauselittleBushadministration associatedthemilitaryinterventionwithAmerican’smostimportantinterests--securityinterestsandpersuadedthepublictobewillingtoundertakethehighcost.Whattheauthorwantstopointoutisthat,wareuphemismisnotalwaysappearedinnewsreport,inordertoshowthemilitaryedge;sometimesthereportisverystraightforward.Theuseofeuphemismnotonlymodifytheinfluenceofwarexternally,butalsosatisfytheAmericanpopulace’sbalancebetweenethicsand alinterests,whichmaketheAmericanernmentcangainthepublicsupportsinamorehigh-soundingway.ThebasisofAmerican’sevaluationtoitsownstatusandvalueisthe“voters”thoughtandthesenseof“mission”whichwasformedundertheinfluenceofantisminAmericansocialculture.Theyusedthe“voters”in[theBible.TheOldTestament]todesignatethosediscipleswhoacceptedthenewbeliefs,andregardedAmericaasa“voters”statecomposedofthesedisciples.Undertheimpactoftheanttheories,Americaattachedgreatimportancetotheestablishmentofaliberalanddemocraticconstitutionalstateinthemodelofantculture.Lateron,withtheAmericanself-defenseconsciousnessdevelointoanewconcept,thatis,thesenseof“mission”ofundertakingthetaskofsavingtheworldendowedbyGod,thesenseofsavingothernationsandforcingothers’dombecamegraduallythepacingfactorinforeignmakingsincetheearly20thcentury.Theexclusiveconsciousnessembodiedin[theBible.TheOldTestament]andMonotheismconceptofJudaismalsoformedthetraditionalcoreofLiberalismjihadinInMarch6,1991,Bush,intheUnitedStates’congressspeech,describedthe“desertstorm”actionastheresponsetorepresentationofthemercyandkindnessinhumans’conscience.Hesaid,“OurAmericansarenotonlyanationcapableofcaringforothers,butalsoamercifulnation,agenerousnation.Thethingswedidacrossthehalfworldareallethical,justandright.WeremovedthefettersandtyrannyofacountrymanyAmericanshardlyeverheard,butweneveraskforanything.”[17]Americanernmentisonarampage,claimingthemantleofjustice.Insteadofappearingaggressioncolorinnewsreport,ittakessuchwordslike“pre-emptiveaction”(先發(fā)制人的行動(dòng)),“pre-emptivedefense”(先發(fā)制人的防御),anticipatoryself-defense”(提早的自衛(wèi)),“restoreinternationalPeaceandSecurity”(國(guó)際和與安全)tocover.SomeoperativepronounsofAmericaalsocontaintheelementeuphemism:in1983,theUSAinvadedLinofsodiumwiththeoperativepronoun–“arescuemission”(援救任務(wù))andwagedLibyaairstrikeswith“surgicalattack”(外科手術(shù)式的打擊),“OperationEnduringdom持久自由行動(dòng)).“OperationRestoreHope重拾希望行動(dòng))referstothehumanitarianandpeacekeeoperationinSomali.After9.11affair,operationsinAfghanistanwereacallofAmericananti-terroristglobally,called“OperationIraqidom”(自由行Ontheotherhand,“sociallinguisticsregardslanguageasasocialbehavior,anditreflectsthesocialstatusandrelationshipsofthetwopartiesincommunication,especiallythe“powerandinfluence”and“equality”ofbothsides.Aseveryoneknows,westernsocietiespursuetheparallelorequal alrelationships.Thiskindofequalorientationalsorestrictseuphemism.”[18](p45)BasedonthefactthatAmericaisaworldpoweranditisahugepressuretoothernations,soAmericatriesitsbesttofadethesituationof“bullyingtheweak”andbalancethepowerpressureoftheinvadednationtoshowequality.TheycallplentyofWMD(weaponsofmassdestruction)asCruise,Scud,TinyHonestJohn,BloodHound,Hound-dog,DavyC,Exocet,ICBM(inter

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論