2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京科技大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京科技大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.問題1選項(xiàng)A.infectiousB.disposedC.accessibleD.prone2.單選題MarciaSeligsoncallstheweddingdressthe“keymetaphor”intheelaborateefforttomaketheAmericanweddingan“idealizeddeparturefromreality,”andnotesthatintheearly1970s,atatimewhenlove-ins,live-ins,andhippieweddingswerethrowingbrickbatsattradition,94percentofAmericanbridesstillchosetobemarriedinwhite.Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.Commentingslylyonthetradition,JudithMartin(1982)observesthatanengagedcoupleneedstodecide“whetherwearingawhiteweddingdresswillbeworthenduringthesneersofpeoplewhobelievethesemustbeaccessorizedbyintacthymens.”Viewedhistorically,thelinkbetweenwhiteandvirginity(or,asitissometimeseuphemized,purity)isnotasabsoluteasisoftensupposed.BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy;theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion.InthewesternCatholictradition,too,whitehasalwaysbeenthecolorofjoy,anditremainstheiconographicallycorrecthueforsuchjubilantoccasionsasEasterSunday.Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.Forexample,amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus;andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.The“traditional”whiteweddingdress,moreover,isarecentinnovation.BarbaraToberexplainsthatitspopularitymayowelesstothemystiqueofvirginitythantoacurioustwistofconspicuousdisplay.MostVictorianbrides,shesays,woresimplytheir“bestfinery”ontheirweddingday,andmanyworetraditionalethniccostumes.Thewhitedresswasanostentatiouslyimpracticalinnovationthatbecamepopularamongtheupperclassespreciselybecauseofitsdefects:“Victorianbridesfromprivilegedbackgroundsworewhitetoindicatethattheywererichenoughtowearadressforonedayonly.”Andthroughoutthefirstyearsofthiscentury,bridesfromsomewhatlessprivilegedbackgroundswouldtrotoutthewhitedressonspecialoccasionsthroughoutthefirstyearoftheirmarriage.Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.1.Accordingtothepassage,wearingawhiteweddingdresshaslittletodowith（）.2.Fromhistoricalpointofview,thewhitecolorhasbeenassociatedwithallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhitedress（）.4.Nowadays,aftertheweddingwhitedressforbridesfromordinaryfamilies（）.5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.virginitytB.puritytC.hopetD.traditiont問題2選項(xiàng)A.ceremoniesofweddingsandfuneralstB.flamesofpassioninnewcouplestC.feelingsofjoytD.changesofsocialstatust問題3選項(xiàng)A.enjoysgeneralpopularitytB.representstraditionalstyletC.meanssomethingthatbringspeoplejoytD.symbolizesthearistocracyofVictorianst問題4選項(xiàng)A.waswornthroughoutthefirstyeartB.wasneverwornagaintC.waswornonceinawhiletD.wasreservedforspecialpurposet問題5選項(xiàng)A.TraditionofWhiteWeddingDresstB.OriginofWeddingDresstC.HistoryofWeddingDresstD.AppealofWhiteDress3.單選題Themeridiansoflongitudeareimaginarygreatcirclesdrawnfrompoletopolearoundtheearth.Byinternationalagreement,themeridianoflongitudepassingthroughGreenwich,England,isnumberedzero.Theearthisdividedinto360degrees,andthemeridiansarenumberedeastandwestfromGreenwich.Thereare180degreesoflongitudeeastofGreenwichand180degreesinthewesterlydirection.NewYorkhasalongitudeof74degreeswestwhichmeansitliesonthe74thmeridianwestofGreenwich.Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.Thisreasoningcanbeusedbynavigatorstodeterminetheirlongitude.ImaginethatwehavesetsailfromGreenwich,England,afterhavingsetaveryaccurateclock,orchronometer,tothelocalGreenwichtime.AswetravelwestwardtowardNewYork,wenoticethatthesunisgoing“slower”thanourchronometer.Atthetimethatourtimepiecereads12o’clock,thesunhasnotquitereachedthezenith.Asamatteroffact,whenourclockreadsnoon,whatitreallymeansisthatit’snooninGreenwich,England.Ourclockcontinuestotellusthetime,notatourpresentlocation,butatGreenwich.Letuswaituntilthesunisdirectlyoverhead(noonatourlocation)andthenreadthetimeonourclock.Supposeitreads1o’clock.Thismeansthatthereisonehour’sdifferenceintimebetweenourlongitudeandthatofGreenwich.Aswementionedearlier,thiscorrespondstoexactly15degreesoflongitude,soourlongitudemustbe15degreeswest.Theworldisdividedinto24timezones,andeachzonecorrespondsto15degreesoflongitude.NewYorkisapproximately5timezoneswestofGreenwich,sothetimedifferencemustbeabout5hours.BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeonanysunnydaybymerelynotingthedifferenceinhoursbetweenGreenwichtimeandlocalsuntimeandmultiplyingthisdifferenceby15degrees.Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.IntheNorthernHemisphere,thereisastarcalledPolarisalmostdirectlyovertheNorthPole.ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.Mathematicianstellusthatthisangleisequaltothelatitudeatthepointinquestion.Togetanideaofourlocation,therefore,weneedtoknowthelocaltime,Greenwichtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizon.1.Inordertogetthepreciselocationofaship,thenavigatormustknow（）.2.Inordertodeterminelatitude,thenavigatormustknow（）.3.Anavigator’schronometerwillalwaysshow（）.4.Inrelationtotheearth,thesunwillmove（）.5.ItcanbeinferredthatthenumberofdegreesoflatitudeintheNorthernHemisphereis（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hislatitudetB.bothhislatitudeandlongitudetC.localtimetD.thenumberofdegreesheiseastorwestofGreenwicht問題2選項(xiàng)A.GreenwichtimeandlocaltimetB.agooddealofmathematicstC.theanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizontD.Greenwichtime,localtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizont問題3選項(xiàng)A.localtimetB.noontimetC.GreenwichtimetD.suntimet問題4選項(xiàng)A.7,000milesperhourtB.twiceasfastasPolaristC.48thoftheworld’scircumferencetD.fifteendegreesinonehourt問題5選項(xiàng)A.18degreestB.36degreestC.4degreestD.90degrees4.單選題Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.問題1選項(xiàng)A.helpfulB.uselessC.harmlessD.inappropriate5.單選題Havingbeenanofficesecretaryforsomeyears,shealways（）choresinaresponsibleway.問題1選項(xiàng)A.goesonB.goesforC.goeswithoutD.goesabout6.單選題Afterdecidingonaspecificareaofadvancedstudy,prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.（1）theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow,manyemployershave（2）toregardamaster’sdegreeasminimumtraining.Therefore,thetypicaltwoyearsrequiredtoearnanM.S.（3）ausefulinvestmentoftime,energyandmoney.Enrolling（4）doctoralprogramswhichcould（5）outforseveralyears-involvesamuchgreater（6）oftimeandthelossoftheopportunitytoearnapay-check,nottomentionconsiderablygreaterriskofunemployment.Aspecialtythatis,（7）whenastudentsetsoffontheroadtowardaPh.D.couldbein（8）bythetimethatindividualgraduates.Still,earningadoctoratecanleadtojobsthathavearesearchfocusandrequireaveryhighlevelofsophistication.Thedoctoraldegreecanalsooffergreaterprofessional（9）,asCollinHitchcockrealizes.Hitchcock,isinaPh.D.programinelectrical,computer,andsystemsengineeringatRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinTroy,NY.Hisresearchproject:studyingsemiconductorsinsolarcells.“Thereprobablywon’tbealotofjobsdoingresearchwithsolarcellswhenIgraduate,butIcouldshift（10）tootherkindsofsemiconductors.”saysHitchcock.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ConcerningB.RegardingC.GivenD.Including問題2選項(xiàng)A.insistedB.comeC.managedD.got問題3選項(xiàng)A.supposesB.termsC.signsD.represents問題4選項(xiàng)A.overB.atC.inD.by問題5選項(xiàng)A.runB.stretchC.turnD.last問題6選項(xiàng)A.commitmentB.spendingC.wasteD.dedication問題7選項(xiàng)A.depressingB.acceptableC.boomingD.promising問題8選項(xiàng)A.favorB.declineC.decreaseD.common問題9選項(xiàng)A.optionB.performanceC.flexibilityD.level問題10選項(xiàng)A.linksB.gearsC.steerD.windscreen7.單選題Strangelyenough,anoldman（）meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.問題1選項(xiàng)A.stooduptoB.walkeduptoC.liveduptoD.addedupto8.單選題Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tourB.travelC.visitD.trip9.單選題Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.問題1選項(xiàng)A.difficulttB.sustainabletC.externaltD.unpredictable10.單選題Today’sconsumerwantsuniqueandbeautifulhandcraftedobjectstowearandtohaveforhomeenvironment.Eachconsumerisanindividual.Heprefersobjectswhichareuniqueandhedemandsquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasaresultoftheuniquehandcrafteditemsavailable.Craftsarebigbusiness.Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.Partofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theyareinteresting.Excitingpeople,youngorold.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandtohelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.Theyenjoyteachingotherstheirspecialskills.Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolvetheconsumerintryingthecrafthimself.Somecraftsaredoneinleisuretimeforpleasureorforextraincome.Moreandmorearedoneseriouslyfortotalincome.Learningthemarketingofcraftsisimportanttoallwhowishtoearnalivingbytheirtalentandskill.Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.Manyopportunitiesarethenavailable:trainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsalesfestivals,TVappearances,anddemonstrations.Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.Oftentheywillhelpaneworganizationwithsomebeginningworkshops.Somestateartscouncilshelpwithmarketingtraining.Bothguildsandsmallcraftgroupsworkingtogetherbringspecialstatustotheirstate.Theydrewcrowdsoftouristconsumerstoattendtheirfestivalsandfairs.Thisbooststheeconomyoftheareaconsiderablybecausethetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandmotelsandotherservicesofthearea.Historicalvillages,countrystores,privatelyownedshops,andgalleriesareafewoutletsthathavedevelopedtosellthequalityproductsoflocalcraftsmen.1.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat（）.2.Craftsmenhavehelpedconsumersto（）.3.Ifacraftsmanwantstoliveonhisskills,hehasto（）.4.Specifically,“guild”inthistextrefersto（）.5.Whichofthefollowingideadoesthetextintendtoexpress?問題1選項(xiàng)A.agoodcraftsmannowadayscandevotemostofhisdaytocreatingtB.craftsmenhavealwaysbeenregardedwithrespecttC.craftsusedtobedoneinleisuretimetD.craftsmendonothavetoworkashardastheyusedtot問題2選項(xiàng)A.appreciatethebeautyofhandcraftedobjectstB.appraisethequalityofhandcraftedobjectstC.gainsomebasicknowledgeaboutcraftstD.selectproperhandcraftedobjectst問題3選項(xiàng)A.joinacraftorganizationtB.begoodatsellingtC.consultthestateartscounciltD.exchangeideasandresourceswithothercraftsment問題4選項(xiàng)A.anorganizationofworkerswhichrepresentstheirintereststB.asocietywhichhasbeenformedforpoliticalreasonstC.afoundationwhichprovidesmoneyforaspecialpurposetD.anassociationofskilledworkerswhohavesimilarinterestst問題5選項(xiàng)A.“Craftsmen:Past&Present”tB.“Crafts:ForWhomAreTheyMade.”tC.“Crafts:BoomingBusiness.”tD.“Craftsmen:PeopleintheKnow.”11.單選題Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.問題1選項(xiàng)A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious12.單選題Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofeventheearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitandit’srecord-keeping,istrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.1.Theword“paradox”(Para.1)means（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（）.3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（）.4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause（）.5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.implicationtB.contradictiontC.interpretationtD.confusiont問題2選項(xiàng)A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciencestB.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystemstC.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrecttD.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomenat問題3選項(xiàng)A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperiencetB.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciencestC.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdatatD.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliablet問題4選項(xiàng)A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetimetB.newinformationisconstantlycomingintC.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredicttD.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccuratet問題5選項(xiàng)A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevariedtB.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecuretC.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobservedtD.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy13.單選題OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.laidoutB.laidoffC.laiddownD.laidaside14.翻譯題Color-blindpeoplehaveproblemsthatpeoplewhoperceivecolorneverthinkabout.Oneveryrealproblemisthatoftrafficsignsandsignals.Thosethatarered-greencolorblindhavetroubleseeingstopsignsfoundonshadystreetsbecausetheymaynotnoticethemagainsttheleaves.Inaddition,theyhavetroubleidentifyingsignallightsandmustmemorizethepositionofthelightstoknowwhichsignalisbeinggiven.Perhapslessofaproblemisthatofdressing.Thosewhoarefashion-consciousavoidbrightlycoloredwardrobessothattheywillnotwearclashingcolors.Perhapsthegreatesthandicapofcolor-blindpersonsisevidentwhentheyselectoccupations.Forexample,theycannotworkasinteriordecorators,commercialphotographers,painters,airlineorshippilots,orrailroadengineers.15.單選題Becauseof（）waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.問題1選項(xiàng)A.incomprehensibleB.incomparableC.inconceivableD.incompatible16.單選題Deceptivelysimpleindesign,thesculpturalworksofGeorgeNortonincorporateabroadrangeoftextures,sizes,andcontours.問題1選項(xiàng)A.MisleadinglyB.GenerallyC.NoticeablyD.Exceptionally17.單選題Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont,AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies.Almostallscientistsagreethatincreasinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecreatedashumansburnfossilfueliswarmingtheplanet.Howtorespondtothewarmingisamatterofintensepolitical,scientificandeconomicdebateworldwide.Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedintheworldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel.“Wouldn’titbeusefuliftheUnitedStatesweretohaveapieceoftheaction.Wouldn’titbeusefulifsomebrightstudentsfromUniversityofVermontweretohaveapieceoftheaction,”Alleysaid.AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.Suchshiftshaveoccurredfrequentlyoverthemillennia,Alley’sresearchshows.Agradualchangeinatmospherictemperature,suchasglobalwarming,couldpushtheclimatetoathresholdwheresuchashiftsuddenlyoccurs,hesaid.Alleytoldhisaudienceofabout200peopleinaUniversityofVermontlecturehallWednesdayeveningthathecouldn’tpredictif,whenorwheresuddenshiftstowardcold,heat,droughtorwatercouldoccurunderglobalwarming,butitissomethingeveryoneshouldconsider.“Thisisnotthebiggestproblemintheworld.Thebiggestproblemintheworldisgettingalongwitheachother.Butit’spartofthatbecausewe’renotgoingtogetalongwitheachotherifwe’renotgettingalongwiththeplanet,”Alleysaid.1.AccordingtoAlleytheclimatethreatstotheearthbroughtbyglobalwarming（）.2.Alley’sresearchshowsthatdramaticclimatechangesmaybecausedby（）.3.Theword“upbeat”(inParagraph3)probablymeans（）.4.WhatdoesAlleysuggestpeopledoinordertoreduceglobalwarming?5.AlleypredictsthatglobalwarmingcouldturnEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericainto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.canbeeasedtB.canbeendedtC.willbecomeworsetD.willlastfordecadest問題2選項(xiàng)A.abruptchangesinatmosphericpatternstB.subtlechangesinatmosphericpatternstC.humans’burningoffossilfueltD.increasinglevelsofcarbondioxidet問題3選項(xiàng)A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet問題4選項(xiàng)A.Tofindotherenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.tB.Tostartapolitical,scientificandeconomicdebate.tC.Totakeactiontoburnnofossilfuels.tD.Tocallonpeopleworldwidetoprotectourearth.t問題5選項(xiàng)A.aregionlikeSiberiatB.awarmerandwarmerplacetC.atropicalregiontD.aplacelikeNorthPole18.單選題Hewillbeconsideredtohavenothinglessthanfullacquaintancewiththenatureofthethingandtoshareintheknowledgeofit.問題1選項(xiàng)A.limitationtB.remarktC.ownershiptD.understanding19.單選題Thedayispastwhenthecountrycanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomatoallwho（）sixyearsofinstruction.問題1選項(xiàng)A.setaboutB.runforC.sitthroughD.makefor20.單選題Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的，傳染性的”，B項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”，C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”，D項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的，有……傾向的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heartattack（心臟?。?，可排除A、C選項(xiàng)。bedisposedto表示“有……傾向”，后面一般跟todo；beproneto表示“易于，有……的傾向”，后面一般跟名詞；heartattack是名詞，只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意：醫(yī)生們對(duì)使用激光作為外科手術(shù)工具對(duì)易患心臟病的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章可知，穿白色的婚紗與……沒有關(guān)系”。第一段提到Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.（這種顏色長期以來一直與婚禮聯(lián)系在一起，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是貞操的象征）可知，白色和童貞純潔有聯(lián)系，A項(xiàng)“貞潔”和B項(xiàng)“純潔”都正確；第二段最后一句提到andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.（而傳統(tǒng)的中國白色葬禮是希望的象征）可知，白色的婚紗和希望沒什么關(guān)系，希望是中國傳統(tǒng)葬禮上使用白色的含義，所以C項(xiàng)“希望”與白色婚紗沒關(guān)系；文章第三段講到了維多利亞時(shí)代低層階級(jí)的新娘在結(jié)婚那天會(huì)穿上白色婚紗，婚禮后會(huì)把它像寶物一樣鎖起來，最后一句提到itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold（它不能用于其他用途，已經(jīng)有不到一百年的歷史了）可知，穿白色婚紗和傳統(tǒng)有關(guān)，所以D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)”正確。該題只有C項(xiàng)與穿白色的婚紗無關(guān)，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“從歷史的角度來看，白色一直與以下所有的聯(lián)系在一起，除了……”。根據(jù)第二段第四句Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.（一些傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)用白色來表示各種儀式的意義，包括葬禮和婚禮）可知，A項(xiàng)“婚禮和葬禮的儀式”與白色有聯(lián)系；根據(jù)第二段第二句theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion（她們戴著一層明亮的橙色面紗，或稱火焰，象征著激情的火焰）可知B項(xiàng)“新夫婦的激情之火”和白色沒有什么關(guān)系；根據(jù)BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy（古羅馬的新娘結(jié)婚時(shí)穿白色，但因?yàn)榘咨笳髦鞓罚┛芍狢項(xiàng)“快樂的感覺”與白色有聯(lián)系；根據(jù)amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus（在安達(dá)曼島民中，白色僅僅表示身份的改變）可知D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)地位的變化”也與白色有聯(lián)系。該題只有B項(xiàng)與白色無關(guān)，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。第3題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從短文中可以推斷出白色的衣服……”。根據(jù)文章第二段我們可知在很多地方和場(chǎng)合都會(huì)使用白色，因此可以推斷白色在很多地方的場(chǎng)合都普遍受到歡迎；所以A項(xiàng)“普遍受歡迎”正確。B項(xiàng)“代表傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格”、C項(xiàng)“意味著給人們帶來快樂的事情”和D項(xiàng)“象征維多利亞時(shí)代的貴族”在文中都有明確的指出，不用被推測(cè)，所以都不選。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如今，普通家庭的新娘穿的白色婚紗在婚后……”。根據(jù)文章最后一句Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.（婚禮后把寶物鎖起來的習(xí)俗——就像敬酒的杯子一樣，它不能用于其他用途——有不到一百年的歷史了）可知，B項(xiàng)“再也沒有穿過”正確；A項(xiàng)“一整年都穿著”、C項(xiàng)“偶爾穿一穿”和D項(xiàng)“為特殊目的保留”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是……”。通過通讀文章可知，本文主要講述人們?cè)诟鞣N場(chǎng)合對(duì)白色的喜愛，所以D項(xiàng)“白色禮服的吸引力”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“白色婚紗的傳統(tǒng)”、B項(xiàng)“婚紗的起源”和C項(xiàng)“結(jié)婚禮服的歷史”都比較片面，不能概括全文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:C第4題:D第5題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了得到船的精確位置，導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。文章第三段前兩句提到Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.（當(dāng)然，經(jīng)度只提供了確定精確位置所需的一半信息；我們還必須知道我們的緯度，它告訴我們我們離赤道南北有多遠(yuǎn)），可知B項(xiàng)“他的經(jīng)度和緯度”正確。A項(xiàng)“他的緯度”不夠全面；C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”，這是用來記錄格林尼治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)靥枙r(shí)間的小時(shí)差確定經(jīng)度，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“他在格林威治東部或西部的度數(shù)”也是用來確定經(jīng)度的，比較片面。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了確定緯度，導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.（通過設(shè)置六分儀來測(cè)量北極星和地平線之間的夾角，就可以確定某一點(diǎn)的緯度）可知，測(cè)量北極星和地平線之間的夾角就可以確定緯度，所以C項(xiàng)“北極星和地平線之間的角度”正確。A項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”，這是用來確定經(jīng)度的方法，A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“大量的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)”文中沒有提到導(dǎo)航員需要大量數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)；D項(xiàng)“格林尼治時(shí)間，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間，北極星和地平線之間的角度”，這是為了掌握自己所處位置需要的，而不是確定緯度需要的，D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘總是顯示……”。第二段最后一句提到BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeon…（航海時(shí)保持格林威治時(shí)間，船只就可以確定經(jīng)度……），由此可知導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘顯示的是格林威治時(shí)間，所以C項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間”正確；A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”、B項(xiàng)“正午時(shí)間”和D項(xiàng)“太陽時(shí)間”都不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“相對(duì)于地球，太陽會(huì)移動(dòng)……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.（由于太陽似乎在24小時(shí)內(nèi)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)，它將在1小時(shí)內(nèi)移動(dòng)360/24度或15度）可知，D項(xiàng)“一小時(shí)15度”正確。A項(xiàng)“每小時(shí)7000英里”、B項(xiàng)“是北極星的兩倍”和C項(xiàng)“地球周長的1/48”都未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出北半球的緯度數(shù)是……”。根據(jù)第三段TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.（赤道是測(cè)量緯度的零線；與赤道平行的圓圈表示緯度的其他值；南緯是90度）可知，南緯是90度，而赤道為零線，那么南緯和北緯都是一樣的，由此可推斷北緯也是90度。所以D項(xiàng)“90度”正確。A項(xiàng)“18度”、B項(xiàng)“36度”和C項(xiàng)“4度”都是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“有幫助的，樂器的”；A項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，B項(xiàng)useless“無用的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無害的，無惡意的”，D項(xiàng)inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不相稱的”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，這次首腦會(huì)談?dòng)兄谠谠摰貐^(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)goon“繼續(xù)”，B項(xiàng)gofor“主張，擁護(hù)”，C項(xiàng)gowithout“沒有……也行”，D項(xiàng)goabout表示“著手做，從事”。句意：她當(dāng)了幾年辦公室秘書，做事總是很負(fù)責(zé)任。因此D項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:C第5題:B第6題:A第7題:C第8題:B第9題:C第10題:B【解析】第1題:考查介詞辨析與上下文語義。A項(xiàng)concerning“關(guān)于，就……而言”，B項(xiàng)regarding“關(guān)于，至于”，C項(xiàng)given“考慮到”，D項(xiàng)including“包括”。上文提到prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.（畢業(yè)生必須決定是否繼續(xù)攻讀碩士學(xué)位或是博士學(xué)位），接著下文提到theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow（工程師必須知道的東西越來越復(fù)雜），可知，上下文具有因果關(guān)系，故選given合適。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。第2題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析和固定搭配。A項(xiàng)insist“堅(jiān)