2023年考研考博考博英語首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英語首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligibleB.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesocietyC.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesocietyD.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly問題2選項(xiàng)A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobsB.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlifeC.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceD.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence問題3選項(xiàng)A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworldB.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatusC.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitorsD.whoareatthebottomofthesociety問題4選項(xiàng)A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestorsB.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployeesC.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialitiesD.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted問題5選項(xiàng)A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility2.單選題Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh3.單選題Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.問題1選項(xiàng)A.areB.doC.isD.have4.單選題Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.問題1選項(xiàng)A.onB.forC.toD.with5.單選題Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagricultureliaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分）capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（棲息地）Iossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe‘‘zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反兩方而)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（

）.3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfanningpractices?4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.ByitsproductivityB.ByitssustainabilityC.ByitsimpactontheenvironmentD.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth問題2選項(xiàng)A.LocalizedpollutionB.theshrinkingoffarmlandC.competitionfromoverseasD.thedecreaseofbiodiversity問題3選項(xiàng)A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.問題4選項(xiàng)A.ItwillgothroughradicalchangesB.ItwillsupplymoreanimalproductsC.ItwillabandontraditionalfanningpracticesD.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment問題5選項(xiàng)A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.6.單選題Themanagerpromisedtokeepme（）ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informedD.informing7.單選題Despitehisdisappointingrecordthisyear,I（）feelheisthebestmaninourteam.問題1選項(xiàng)A.howeverB.thereforeC.nonethelessD.otherwise8.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)在團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部建立友誼團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。在正式的團(tuán)體會(huì)議中，營(yíng)造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個(gè)成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重，讓每個(gè)人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點(diǎn)，就要使隊(duì)員們盡量以朋友，而非同事的方式，來處理相互關(guān)系；鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)成員在工作、會(huì)議之外進(jìn)行交談，多作接觸，在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會(huì)碰頭的機(jī)會(huì)，在取得成功時(shí)舉辦慶祝活動(dòng)等，都有利于團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系，有利于團(tuán)結(jié)團(tuán)隊(duì)，使之成為一個(gè)整體。9.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對(duì)客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認(rèn)識(shí)方法的不同，以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭(zhēng)論。因此，有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對(duì)的意見看作對(duì)自己的莫大幫助，把對(duì)自己的批評(píng)當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因?yàn)?，贊同的意見未必正確，反對(duì)的意見未必錯(cuò)誤。退一步說，即使錯(cuò)誤的反對(duì)意見，對(duì)自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的。10.單選題TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes."Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby（

）.2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression（

）.

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith（

）.

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

（

）.

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.67percentB.51percentC.35percentD.16percent問題2選項(xiàng)A.wasregardedasquitenormalB.usedtobeverylowC.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernmentD.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington問題3選項(xiàng)A.theinefficientstyleofworkB.oftenwrongjudgmentsC.therisingrateoftaxesD.theCongress問題4選項(xiàng)A.thefutureofthewholenationB.people'swell-beinginthefutureC.apositionofhigherrankD.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies問題5選項(xiàng)A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamiliesB.nocompanieswilltakeintheagedC.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofessionD.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling11.單選題Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.問題1選項(xiàng)A.intimacyB.immortalityC.incrementD.incidence12.單選題Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preciselyB.appropriatelyC.apparentlyD.approximately13.單選題Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conserveB.reserveC.preserveD.maintain14.單選題Theinnocentchildobjectedto（

）likethis.問題1選項(xiàng)A.treatingB.betreatedC.havebeentreatedD.beingtreated15.單選題Thebeamthatis（

）byalaserdiffersinseveralwaysfromthelightthatcomesoutofaflashlight.問題1選項(xiàng)A.transportedB.emittedC.motivatedD.translated16.單選題Thiswasthe（）whenanti-globalizationprotesterstooktothestreetsduringtheWorldEconomicForumatDavosinJanuary.問題1選項(xiàng)A.sceneB.sightC.viewD.vision17.單選題Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect

（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto

（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?問題1選項(xiàng)A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatientsB.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-careC.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthorityD.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights問題2選項(xiàng)A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospitalB.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsuranceC.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealthD.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice問題3選項(xiàng)A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservicesB.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessaryC.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinionD.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective問題4選項(xiàng)A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcostsB.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatmentC.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStatesD.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice問題5選項(xiàng)A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.D.BothAandB.18.單選題Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.問題1選項(xiàng)A.subjectedB.adjustedC.devotedD.entitled19.單選題Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin（1）boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare（2）byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian（3）.（4）thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state（5）.Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting（6）ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring（7）,thusexposingsuccessivegenera（8）soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight（9）thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe（10）useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.問題1選項(xiàng)A.nationalB.internationalC.externalD.internal問題2選項(xiàng)A.namedB.characterizedC.labeledD.called問題3選項(xiàng)A.peoplesB.personC.menD.populations問題4選項(xiàng)A.UnderB.OnC.InD.With問題5選項(xiàng)A.warsB.battlesC.fightsD.disputes問題6選項(xiàng)A.monthsB.yearsC.hoursD.days問題7選項(xiàng)A.recyclesB.circlesC.cyclesD.loops問題8選項(xiàng)A.infantB.babyC.childrenD.child問題9選項(xiàng)A.gunsB.weaponsC.pistolsD.rifles問題10選項(xiàng)A.indiscriminateB.discriminateC.discriminatingD.discriminated20.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.人們都有追求幸福的權(quán)利，但對(duì)幸福的理解卻因人而異。絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為幸福來自于健康的身體、愿望的實(shí)現(xiàn)和事業(yè)有成。正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，許多人在遇到痛苦時(shí)才意識(shí)到幸福的真正含義。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。2.【答案】A【解析】句意:校長(zhǎng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講，這極大地鼓舞了運(yùn)動(dòng)員們?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。vigorous充滿活力的，精力充沛的;tedious冗長(zhǎng)的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的；flat平淡的，單調(diào)的，平坦的；harsh嚴(yán)酷的，嚴(yán)厲的，惡劣的。根據(jù)后半句句意可知A正確。3.【答案】A【解析】考查語法中的主謂一致。Smallasitis是一個(gè)倒裝句，是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，正常語序應(yīng)為asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二個(gè)as后是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語為allotheranimals，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。故本題正確答案為A。句意：螞蟻雖小，但它是和地球上其它動(dòng)物一樣的生物。4.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個(gè)人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。5.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞measureprogressinagriculture定位至第一段:Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives(這一點(diǎn)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)得尤為突出，在該領(lǐng)域中，人們常常在未從歷史、文化的角度予以適當(dāng)考慮的情況下，認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展史衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的唯一方法),因此B項(xiàng)“可持續(xù)性”正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Specialization和increaseyields定位至第三段:Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields(來自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力使得農(nóng)民們不得不進(jìn)行專門的研究來增加作物的產(chǎn)量),該段還指出:However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity(但是，這些變化也導(dǎo)致棲息地的損失和生物多樣性的不斷減少),故選D“生物多樣性的減少”。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfanningpractices定位至第五段:Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones(比如，我們?nèi)粢饤夁@樣的想法:傳統(tǒng)的做法必然會(huì)比新的做法更能夠促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展)。因此C項(xiàng)“這些做法不一定是可持續(xù)性的”正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inthe21stcentury定位至第五段:Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th(所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)將會(huì)與20世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)截然不同)。故選A“將會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨變”。5.主旨大意題。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題:Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction(關(guān)鍵是我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)并不只是糧食生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性)。因此D項(xiàng)“催促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)”正確。6.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。keeprmedofsth.意為“讓某人了解某事”。句意：經(jīng)理答應(yīng)會(huì)讓我知道我們的生意進(jìn)展如何。選項(xiàng)C正確。7.【答案】C【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；B選項(xiàng)therefore表示“所以，因此”；C選項(xiàng)nonetheless表示“盡管如此，但是”；D選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”。由Despite“盡管”可知，空缺處應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有C符合句意。A項(xiàng)however雖然也表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；【句意】雖然他今年的成績(jī)差強(qiáng)人意，但我仍然覺得他是我們隊(duì)最好的球員。8.【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeamTeamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

9.【答案】SectionA最近，北京嚴(yán)重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國(guó)官方媒體的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。據(jù)廣泛報(bào)道污染事件的新華社報(bào)道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護(hù)部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計(jì)算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說，PM2.5對(duì)人體健康的危害最大。與此同時(shí)，《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國(guó)從健康呼吸開始》的社論。注意到中國(guó)快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國(guó)環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機(jī)后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對(duì)問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、有效和強(qiáng)有力的管理”。SectionBSciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“調(diào)查表明在40年民眾對(duì)美國(guó)政府的信心下降了多少？”根據(jù)文章第二段可知現(xiàn)在是1995年，說明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人認(rèn)為大政府對(duì)國(guó)家未來的威脅最大。而1954年只有16%人認(rèn)為大政府有威脅（A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices），由此可知國(guó)民對(duì)政府的信心下降了51%。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在大蕭條時(shí)期前美國(guó)政府在民眾的心中是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我們又回到了大蕭條時(shí)期美國(guó)人對(duì)華盛頓本能的謹(jǐn)慎”（We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression），說明在大蕭條時(shí)期政府在民眾心中的地位就低，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.推理判斷題。文章第六段提到89%的人認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)把事情搞砸（Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.詞義題。文章第五段第一句提到在樣本中，62%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為政客的道德和誠實(shí)度已經(jīng)下降（OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen），以及比起通過好的法規(guī)，議員們花更多的時(shí)間在他們的政治前途上嗎？（Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?）可知這里的政治前途指的是權(quán)利地位，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到由于年齡較大的人在工作中更穩(wěn)定，他們往往更滿意（sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。11.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimacy表示“性關(guān)系，親密；親昵行為”；B選項(xiàng)immortality表示“不朽，不滅”；C選項(xiàng)increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D選項(xiàng)incidence表示“發(fā)生率，影響，后果”。由句意“在過去十年里，這個(gè)城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。12.【答案】D【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precisely表示“精確地，恰恰”；B選項(xiàng)appropriately表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，合適地”；C選項(xiàng)apparently表示“顯然地，表面上”；D選項(xiàng)approximately表示“大約，近似地”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我們沒有辦法測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確距離。所以后文中的距離只能是大約值，因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)?！揪湟狻课覀儧]有辦法測(cè)量走過的準(zhǔn)確距離，但我們認(rèn)為大約是5英里。13.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conserve表示“保存，儲(chǔ)藏”；B選項(xiàng)reserve表示“預(yù)定，儲(chǔ)備”；C選項(xiàng)preserve表示“保存，保護(hù)，維持”；D選項(xiàng)maintain表示“維持，保持”。根據(jù)句意“船上裝載了特殊的冰箱設(shè)備來（

）食物以保證整個(gè)航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本題正確答案為A。14.【答案】D【解析】考察固定搭配。objectto后面要接doing，因此to在這里是介詞。根據(jù)前后文可知這些無辜的孩子是“被對(duì)待”，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：那些無辜的孩子反對(duì)被這樣對(duì)待。15.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transport表示“運(yùn)輸”；B項(xiàng)emit表示“發(fā)出，發(fā)射”；C項(xiàng)motivate表示“刺激；使有動(dòng)機(jī)”；D項(xiàng)translate表示“翻譯，轉(zhuǎn)化”。根據(jù)句意“激光發(fā)出的光與手電筒

的光在一些方面存在差異?！笨芍?，B項(xiàng)“發(fā)出”最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)scene表示“場(chǎng)面，場(chǎng)景，事件”；B選項(xiàng)sight表示“視力，景象，眼界”；C選項(xiàng)view表示“觀察，視野，意見”；D選項(xiàng)vision表示“視力，美景，幻想”?？杖碧幟~作when