2023年考研考博考博英語中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.問題1選項(xiàng)A.sothatB.butthatC.inthatD.providedthat2.單選題Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.inwhichD.towhich3.單選題______Ihavealreadymentioned,cardiosurgeryisoneoftheamazingnewsurgicaltechniquesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.問題1選項(xiàng)A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.This4.單選題Whilethecompany’sCEOprofessestobeconfidentandurgesthedealforward,itsinvestorsareunlikelytobeso_______aboutitsprospects.Manywereuncomfortableatthewaythecorporationwasforcedtospendmuchofitscapitalinlastyear’sexpansion,andthisnewventureispotentiallyevenmorerisky.問題1選項(xiàng)A.apatheticB.sanguineC.apprehensiveD.anxious5.單選題Sinceneithersidewasreadyto______whatwasnecessaryforpeace,hostilitywasresumedin1980.問題1選項(xiàng)A.precedeB.recedeC.concedeD.intercede6.單選題

______advanceandretreatintheireternalrhythms,butthesurfaceoftheseaitselfisneveratrest.問題1選項(xiàng)A.NotonlywhenthetidesdoB.AsthetidesnotonlydoC.NotonlydothetidesD.Dothetidesnotonly7.翻譯題SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.59.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。(5points)60.近年來我國收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大已成為不爭的事實(shí)，收入分配的公平問題越來越受到公眾的高度關(guān)注。(5points)61.實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)共識，但是，我國目前財(cái)政教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足，教育資源分配結(jié)構(gòu)也不合理，地區(qū)教育公共服務(wù)的提供依然存在較大的差異。(6points)62.文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。(4points)8.單選題Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hasproducedB.havebeenproducedC.wouldhaveproducedD.hadbeenproduced9.單選題TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,______contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.afactB.whichfactC.whosefactD.that10.單選題TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.問題1選項(xiàng)A.whetherthefederalgovernmentB.eitherthefederalgovernmentC.thatthefederalgovernmentD.thefederalgovernment11.單選題Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.問題1選項(xiàng)A.notsoB.notmuchC.nomoreD.muchmore12.單選題AmongthefirstplanstogrowthelandregionsofEarth______,whichinprehistorictimesgrewtoimmensesize.問題1選項(xiàng)A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription13.單選題ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan(清教徒)traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.TomakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialofthecrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoimmigratedinthelate1630s:leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbymypeople.”O(jiān)newonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”26.Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland________.27.ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglanders________.28.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay________.29.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften________.30.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallifeB.intellectualinterestwereencouragedC.politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavorsD.intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment問題2選項(xiàng)A.experiencedacomparativelyearlyhistoryB.broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorldC.paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallifeD.wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations問題3選項(xiàng)A.werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritingsB.gainedincreasingimportanceinreligionsaffairsC.abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorldD.createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland問題4選項(xiàng)A.influencedbysuperstitionsB.troubledwithreligiousbeliefsC.puzzledbychurchsermonsD.frustratedwithfamilyearnings問題5選項(xiàng)A.weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivitiesB.weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospectC.camefromdifferentintellectualbackgroundD.leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference14.翻譯題SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放縱、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.15.單選題______thatratherthanavoidcapturehepresentedhimselfattheprisongates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.LegendhasitB.AshaslegendC.LegendashasitD.Asithaslegend16.單選題Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.discretionaryB.bureaucraticC.compulsoryD.lucrative17.單選題TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.Eachstatehasitsownsystemofcourts,composedofcivilandcriminaltrialcourts,sometimesintermediatecourtsofappeal,andastateSupremeCourt.Thefederalcourtsystem,consistsofseriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)servingrelativelysmallgeographicregions(thereisatleastoneforeverystate),atierofcircuitcourtsofappealthathearappealsfrommanydistrictcourtsinaparticulargeographicregion,andtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.Thetwocourtsystemsaretosomeextentoverlapping,inthatcertainkindsofdisputesmaybeinitiatedineithersystem.Theyarealsotosomeextenthierarchical(等級制度的),forthefederalsystemstandsabovethestatesysteminthatlitigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.Mostcasesgonofurtherthanthetrialcourt;forexample,thecriminaldefendantisconvictedbyatrialandsentencedbythecourtandthecaseend;thepersonalinjurysuitresultsinajudgmentbyatrialcourt(oranout-of-courtsettlementbythepartieswhilethecourtsuitispending)andthepartiesleavethecourtsystem.Butsometimesthelosingpartyatthetrialcourtcaresenoughaboutthecausethatthematterdoesnotendthere.Inthesecases,the“l(fā)oser”atthetrialcourtmayappealtothenexthighercourt.21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?22.Accordingtothepassage,districtcourtsarealsoknownas________.23.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,“engagedin”means________.24.Thepassageindicatedthatlitigantswholosetheircasesinthestatetrialcourtmaytakethemtoa________.25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattypicalcourtcasesare________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Civilandcriminaltrialcourts.B.Typicalcourtcases.C.ThecourtsystemintheUnitedStates.D.Theappealcourtprocess.問題2選項(xiàng)A.circuitcourtsB.intermediatecourtsC.supremecourtsD.trialcourts問題3選項(xiàng)A.committedtoB.attentivetoC.involvedinD.absorbedin問題4選項(xiàng)A.differentcourtinthesamestateB.FederaltrialcourtC.StateSupremeCourtD.Courtinanotherstate問題5選項(xiàng)A.alwaysappealedB.usuallyresolvedinthedistrictcourtsC.alwaysoverlappingD.usuallysettledbytheSupremeCourt18.單選題Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.問題1選項(xiàng)A.summitsB.peaksC.heightsD.highlights19.單選題Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility20.單選題TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothers.ThefirstfamousworkofBeatliteraturewasthelongpoem,Howl,byAllenGinsberg.In1955,GinsbergreadthepoemaloudatagalleryinSanFrancisco,causingastirwithitsportrayalofdruguseandhomosexuality.ItsfamewasfueledbytheobscenitytrialofLawrenceFerlinghetti,whosoldthepoeminhisbookstore.ButFerlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.ThemostsuccessfulBeatnovelistwasJackKerouac.Inhisbestnovel,OntheRoad,publishedin1957,KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.OntheRoadbecameknownasmuchforhowKerouacwroteitasforitscontent.Kerouacallegedlywashighonpillswhilehewroteit,andhetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.Heissaidtohavebelievedthat“thefirstthoughtisthebestthought”,andheclaimedthatheneverrevisedwhathewrote.Thoughhesaidthathewrotethebookinjustthreeweeks,thetruthisthathehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts.AlsoinfluentialwasanovelbyWilliamS.Burroughs,NakedLunch,whichalsosurvivedanobscenitytrial.Inthatwork,Burroughs,whowasadrugaddicthimself,tellsofhisdrug-inducedfantasiesandhistravelsamongaddictsandcriminals.Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.TheirculturewascenteredinSanFrancisco,whichbecameacenterofrockmusic,drugculture,andprotestagainstthewarinVietnam.TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.Itvalidatedexpressionthroughinformal,conversationallanguageandmadeprofanityapermissibletoolforrevealinghumanfeelings.26.Thewordcoinedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheNewYorkTimesMagazineinthepassage?28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofOntheRoad?29.Thewordinterruptinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.30.Accordingtothepassage,Beatliteraturecanbestbedescribedas________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inventedB.spreadC.mintedD.explained問題2選項(xiàng)A.ToshowtheoriginofthetermBeat.B.ToidentifywhenthetermBeatGenerationbecamewidelyknown.C.TonametheNewYorkTimesasaBeatnewspaper.D.TogiveinformationaboutJohnClellonHolmes.問題3選項(xiàng)A.ItportraystherecklesslifestyleofAmericanyoungstersinthelate1950s.B.ItwascompletedinashorttimewhileJackKerouacwasondrugs.C.ItmadeNealCassadyanimportantsymbolofalibertinelifestyle.D.ItisbasedontwocharacterstakingaroadtriparoundNorthAmerica.問題4選項(xiàng)A.suspendB.introduceC.expressD.exclaim問題5選項(xiàng)A.beingbannedbythecourtsB.havinglittlelastinginfluenceC.addressingpersonalfeelings,ofteninrebellionagainstsocietyD.expressingtheconservativeviewsofthe1950s第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：氫是宇宙的基本元素，因?yàn)樗峁┝似渌禺a(chǎn)生的基石。A選項(xiàng)sothat“因此”引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，B選項(xiàng)butthat“要不是”和D選項(xiàng)providedthat“條件是……”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，均不符合題意。C選項(xiàng)inthat“由于”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，符合主從句的因果關(guān)系。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】D【解析】考查定語從句。句意：教學(xué)質(zhì)量應(yīng)該以學(xué)生潛能的開發(fā)程度來衡量。橫線及其后面部分是修飾degree的定語從句，根據(jù)固定搭配tothedegree確定用介詞to，D選項(xiàng)towhich符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句。句意：正如我已經(jīng)提到的，心臟外科手術(shù)是近年來發(fā)展起來的令人驚奇的外科新技術(shù)之一。根據(jù)題干中兩個(gè)完整的句子用逗號連接，以及選項(xiàng)中的引導(dǎo)詞，可知考查非限制性定語從句。As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)可放在句首，修飾后面的主句或主句的一部分，意思為“正如，像”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)放在所修飾部分或主句后面，不放在句首；B選項(xiàng)what不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；D選項(xiàng)this為指示代詞，不引導(dǎo)從句。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apathetic“無動(dòng)于衷的；缺乏興趣的”；B選項(xiàng)sanguine“樂觀的，充滿希望的”；C選項(xiàng)apprehensive“憂慮的”；D選項(xiàng)anxious“擔(dān)憂的；急切的”。句意：雖然該公司的首席執(zhí)行官聲稱有信心并敦促該交易繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但其投資者不太可能對其前景如此_______。根據(jù)while“雖然”，這里指CEO“首席執(zhí)行官”和investors“投資者”態(tài)度相反，sanguine“樂觀的，充滿希望的”和confident“充滿信心”意思相近，搭配unlikelyto符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precede“領(lǐng)先”；B選項(xiàng)recede“后退；減弱”；C選項(xiàng)concede“讓步”；D選項(xiàng)intercede“調(diào)解，調(diào)停”。句意：由于雙方都不愿意對和平的必要條件______，1980年又恢復(fù)了敵對狀態(tài)。根據(jù)語境，這里指雙方不肯讓步，C選項(xiàng)concede“讓步”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】C【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：不僅潮汐以它們永恒的節(jié)奏前進(jìn)和后退，而且海面本身也從來沒有靜止過。根據(jù)題目和選項(xiàng)確定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒裝，notonly放在句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為notonly+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語+其他，所以C選項(xiàng)Notonlydothetides符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese56.一旦生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，整個(gè)國家，尤其是窮人將來的生存將會(huì)受到極大的損害，而且一旦生態(tài)惡化超過一定限度，那么一代人，甚至幾十代人要想重新修復(fù)環(huán)境都極為困難。盡管保護(hù)環(huán)境一直是中國政府制定的一項(xiàng)基本國策，然而一個(gè)不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是，總的來說，改善環(huán)境的種種努力很大程度上未能抵抗破壞環(huán)境的力量。57.它基于以下觀點(diǎn)：哲學(xué)的確是一門有趣的學(xué)科，不僅專家和有的具有天賦的本科生可以理解哲學(xué)，人人都可理解。不論是否上過哲學(xué)課，每個(gè)人都是哲學(xué)家。區(qū)別在于：系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過哲學(xué)的人具有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他們遇到的論點(diǎn)要比以其他方式遇到的論點(diǎn)更有說服力、種類更多。該書的特點(diǎn)是：它使初學(xué)者有機(jī)會(huì)直接接觸選自重要哲學(xué)著作并有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的讀物，但并不過分地要求學(xué)生必須通讀這些很難讀懂的書籍。58.盡管大國不愿意銷毀大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的心理不一定導(dǎo)致沖突，但尖端武器的使用會(huì)給人類健康帶來災(zāi)難。如果適者生存（或優(yōu)勝劣汰）這觀念仍使用于國際社會(huì)，那么人類的文明就很可能遭到毀滅。我們不禁要問世界需要多少年才能徹底消滅戰(zhàn)爭。SectionBChinesetoEnglish59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythepublic.61.Ithasbecomeasocialconsensustorealizethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation.However,becausenationalexpenditureoneducationisinsufficient,andthedistributionstructureofeducationresourcesisunreasonable,therearestillgreatdifferencesintheprovisionofeducationalpublicservicesindifferentregions.62.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.8.【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：1897年至1919年間，至少29部出現(xiàn)人造生命的電影被制作出來。根據(jù)主語motionpictures和謂語動(dòng)詞produce的關(guān)系確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)事件發(fā)生在過去以及wereportrayed確定用過去完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)hadbeenproduced符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：亞利桑那州有許多銅礦，這一事實(shí)對該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。非限制性定語從句在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受主句的限制，也就是說從句去掉以后主句仍然成立；非限制性定語從句與先行詞和主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，通常用逗號與主句分隔開；非限制性定語從句先行詞不用that，先行詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不能省略。A選項(xiàng)afact在這里不構(gòu)成從句，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)whichfact不需要用名詞fact，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)that不用在非限制性定語從句中，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)whosefact符合句子意思和語法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】A【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：美國政府早期的特點(diǎn)是一場關(guān)于是聯(lián)邦政府還是州政府應(yīng)該擁有更多權(quán)力的辯論。根據(jù)題目劃分句子成分可知，concerning到句子結(jié)尾是修飾debate的后置定語，橫線到句子結(jié)尾是修飾concerning的狀語從句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……還是……”，結(jié)合語境A選項(xiàng)whetherthefederalgovernment符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因?yàn)樗鼈兌加纱竽X控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級，確定有more，根據(jù)語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項(xiàng)nomore符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。12.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在最初的計(jì)劃中，地球規(guī)模中的陸地區(qū)域在史前時(shí)期規(guī)模增長到巨大。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離；隔離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；說明書”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金；簽署”。根據(jù)immensesize可知B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。13.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:C【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits”（在新英格蘭，沒有任何其他地方比殖民地美國“對知識追求”有如此高的重視），可知作者認(rèn)為新英格蘭重視知識，所以B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)知識分子的興趣”正確。A選項(xiàng)“清教傳統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)了政治生活”和D選項(xiàng)“享有追求知識自由的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第一段第三句NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan（清教徒）traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.（新英格蘭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將逐漸發(fā)展起來的占主導(dǎo)地位的清教傳統(tǒng)文化作為美洲文化生活的基本主題和當(dāng)務(wù)之急。），可知沒有說到清教和政治的緊密聯(lián)系，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把清教作為文化基底，沒有讓人充分自由追求文化，故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“政治從知識的努力中獲益良多”：文章沒有提到知識在政治方面帶來的好處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此選B項(xiàng)正確。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.（但是，為了與我們對南方知識分子生活的考察相一致，我們可以把最初的清教徒看作是歐洲文化的載體，他們在適應(yīng)新大陸的環(huán)境。），可知新英格蘭人把原本就有的清教帶到新大陸，所以B選項(xiàng)“帶來了舊世界的文化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷了比較早的歷史”：不是作者想要表達(dá)的意思，屬于過度推測，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對南方的知識分子生活沒有多少關(guān)注”：這里指的是以讀者的角度看南方知識分子而非新英格蘭人，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“癡迷于宗教創(chuàng)新”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Puritans’theologicalinnovations（清教徒的神學(xué)創(chuàng)新），并沒有說他們癡迷于宗教改革，屬于過度推測，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。28.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.（這些人著書立說，在新舊世界都有讀者，給新英格蘭帶來了一種學(xué)術(shù)熱情的氣氛。），可知D選項(xiàng)“在新英格蘭創(chuàng)造了一種新的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍”正確；沒有表達(dá)他們很出名，故A選項(xiàng)“在新大陸，他們因?yàn)樽髌泛艹雒卞e(cuò)誤；沒有提到他們在宗教事務(wù)中的地位，故B選項(xiàng)“在宗教事務(wù)中越來越重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在來到新大陸之前放棄了高級職位”：根據(jù)第三段第一句TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.（馬薩諸塞灣的早期定居者包括在英國受過良好教育和有影響力的人。），這并不代表他們之前位高權(quán)重，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。29.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第一句mostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.（大多數(shù)新英格蘭人受教育程度較低。）和第三句Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.（他們的思想往往帶有一種傳統(tǒng)的迷信性質(zhì)。），接著引出戴恩的例子，所以A選項(xiàng)“受迷信的影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“受宗教信仰困擾”，C選項(xiàng)“被教會(huì)的布道所迷惑”和D選項(xiàng)“對家庭收入感到沮喪”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。30.推理判斷題。本文講述新英格蘭殖民地的早期定居者，他們有的是受過良好教育和有影響力的人，有的受教育程度較低，所以C選項(xiàng)“來自不同的知識背景”正確。A選項(xiàng)“主要從事政治活動(dòng)”：他們的生活方方面面，政治是其中一項(xiàng)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“被虛幻的前景所激勵(lì)”：文中沒有這樣的意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沒有留下多少正式記錄供后人參考”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Accordingtomanybooksandarticles（根據(jù)許多書籍和文章），可知有不少可參考的資料，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】36.一個(gè)問題越發(fā)常見：沉寂多年的通貨膨脹，會(huì)否在2016年突然爆發(fā)。畢竟，自從2007年以來，拖累經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的債務(wù)問題正在消退；美國、英國和德國的勞動(dòng)力市場日趨緊張；房地產(chǎn)市場正蓄勢待發(fā)；最近美聯(lián)儲近十年來第一次提高利率。37.如果發(fā)達(dá)國家的債務(wù)不再是一個(gè)問題，那就會(huì)隱現(xiàn)在新興市場，過度借貸迫使價(jià)格下降而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力過剩。巴西等商品出口國出現(xiàn)了通貨膨脹，貨幣已經(jīng)貶值。但是全球通貨膨脹是部分發(fā)達(dá)國家的瓶頸期和新興市場的輸入型通貨緊縮之間的拉鋸戰(zhàn)，而持久的價(jià)格下跌或停滯看來還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。38.事實(shí)證明，這是一個(gè)代價(jià)高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油賣85美元才能支撐公共支出，需要賣60美元才能維持收支平衡。然而，最近油價(jià)在回升之前跌破36美元，創(chuàng)11年新低。39.如果生產(chǎn)力持續(xù)疲軟，失業(yè)率可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。與此同時(shí)，新興市場的緩慢增長可能會(huì)給大宗商品價(jià)格和貨幣帶來下行壓力。強(qiáng)勢美元已在美國制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)之間造成了裂痕。進(jìn)一步升值將使美聯(lián)儲更難推動(dòng)進(jìn)一步加息。15.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：據(jù)說，為了不被抓，他去自首了。A選項(xiàng)Legendhasit“據(jù)說”為固定搭配，符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。16.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項(xiàng)bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國家的同類銀行相比，國家銀行一直非常強(qiáng)大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對國家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動(dòng)在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語境，這里指國家銀行沒有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動(dòng)上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。17.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:C第4題:C第5題:B【解析】21.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.（美國法院制度作為聯(lián)邦政府制度的一部分，其特點(diǎn)是雙重司法制度；州法院和聯(lián)邦法院同時(shí)存在。），后文以此展開，所以C選項(xiàng)“美國的法院系統(tǒng)”正確，A選項(xiàng)“民事和刑事審判法庭”，B選項(xiàng)“典型的法庭案例”和D選項(xiàng)“上訴法院程序”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句seriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)（一系列的初審法院，也就是地方法院），可知D選項(xiàng)“初審法院”正確。A選項(xiàng)“巡回法院”，B選項(xiàng)“中級法院”和C選項(xiàng)“最高法院”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。23.語義推測題。engagedin的意思是“從事，參加，參與”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院敗訴的當(dāng)事人（參與訴訟的人）可以向美國最高法院上訴。），當(dāng)事人參與訴訟，所以C選項(xiàng)“牽涉進(jìn)，參與”正確。A選項(xiàng)“決心從事……；致力于”，B選項(xiàng)“留意”和D選項(xiàng)“全神貫注于”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。24.義推測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院敗訴的當(dāng)事人（參與訴訟的人）可以向美國最高法院上訴。），可知C選項(xiàng)“國家最高法院”正確。A選項(xiàng)“同一個(gè)州的不同法院”，B選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦初審法院”和D選項(xiàng)“另一個(gè)州的法院”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或聯(lián)邦體系的初審法院——具有一般管轄權(quán)的法院。），可知B選項(xiàng)“通常在地區(qū)法院解決”正確，D選項(xiàng)“通常由最高法院解決”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“常常提起上訴”和C選項(xiàng)“總是重疊”沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。18.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)summits“最高