考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋

1/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋英美文學(xué)名詞解釋TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiteratureAEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance。ThismovementwasglandmainlyWalterPaterasarventionofartformorality’ssake，orartformoney’sAtaleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orse寓言:用詩(shī)歌或散文講的故事,在這個(gè)故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品質(zhì)。所有的寓言都是一個(gè)具有雙重意義、文學(xué)內(nèi)涵或象征意義的故事.thina頭韻：在一組詞的開(kāi)頭或重讀音節(jié)中對(duì)相同輔音或不同元音的重復(fù)。ctsthereadertorecognizeandrorreligion故：文學(xué)作品中作家希望讀者能夠認(rèn)識(shí)或做出反應(yīng)的一個(gè)人物、地點(diǎn)、事件或文學(xué)作品。典故或來(lái)自歷史、地理、文學(xué)或宗教。obehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedat2/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋saleadingfigureofthisschool。s.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination，originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinrlivinginthenewcontinent,theybecomemoreandmore美國(guó)清教主義:他們相信宿命論、原罪說(shuō)、全體墮落和有限的贖罪。7。AmericanRealism(美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義)psychologicalrealismthatcloselyexaminedthecomplexwor美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義：在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)宣告了浪漫主義的終結(jié)和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的開(kāi)始。現(xiàn)實(shí)主義反對(duì)浪漫主義和感傷主義的謊言,它從一個(gè)陌生的世界轉(zhuǎn)向了普通人的真實(shí)生活的描寫(xiě)。它所關(guān)心的是普通的下層勞動(dòng)人民而非理想中的人類本性和現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)歷.8。AmericanRomanticism(美國(guó)浪漫主義)piecesRipVanWinkleandTheLegendofSleepyHollow.Americanromanticismculminatedaroundthe1840s，whichcanbecalledre3/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋toofAmericanTranscendentalism”．Inthepoetryaspect，WhitmanandDicksonweretwomajorAmericanpoetsinthisperioothertypeofromanticism.TheyplacedincreasingwbelongedtoanvalueontheTheAngryYoungMenisajournalisticcatchphraseappliedtoanumbeenwithhissignatureplayLookBackinAngerin1956．10.Antagonist(反面人物):Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative；arivaloftheheroorheroine．反面人物：一個(gè)故事中和主人公相對(duì)立的人物或一種力量,是男女主人公的對(duì)手.nationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety．ThemajorfeaturesofAmericanTranscendentalismare:1。Transcendentalistsplaceemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimlifeheardbyotheractorsonstage。4/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋poetry．Assonanceisoftenemployedtopleasetheearoremphasizecertainsounds.類韻:在詩(shī)歌中相同或相似元音的重復(fù)，它的目的主要是用來(lái)使句子悅耳動(dòng)聽(tīng)或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某r述，自傳是一種敘述性的文體,多包含回憶性的描寫(xiě)。?Itisarelativelyshortnarrativepoem，writtentobesung,withriptionsanduseconcisedialogues.e.17?BalladStanza(民謠詩(shī)節(jié))?Atypeoffour-linestanza,tearly1960s．Theysharedasetofsocialattitudes－-anti－esentativesofthegroupwereAllenGinsbergwithhislongpoemHowlandJackKerouacwithhisOntheRoad．5/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋toadulthood，andinwhichcharacters’changeisthusextre20.Biography(傳記)Adetailedaccountofaperson‘slifewrittenbyanotherper21.Blackcomedy/Blackhumor(黑色幽默)hnique23。BlankVerse(無(wú)韻體詩(shī))Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter。ItistheversefWilliamShakespeareandJohnMilton.?素體詩(shī):用五音步抑揚(yáng)格寫(xiě)的andinexhaustibleenergies。6/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋dtheReformedchurches．a(chǎn)rlypopularamongEnglishCavalierpoets.CarpeDiemmeans27.Canto(篇/章)erPopestheRapeoftheLockandByron’sDonJuanaredividedi詩(shī)章:長(zhǎng)詩(shī)的一部分.flatcharacter,whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividualizing人物:在短篇小說(shuō)的欣賞中，人物是必不可少一個(gè)元素.人物是喜劇或小說(shuō)中所描寫(xiě)的人.福斯特把人物劃分為兩類,扁平型人物和圓型人物.扁平型人物往往缺乏個(gè)人化的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)而圓型人物則在性格和行為動(dòng)機(jī)上較為復(fù)雜。ioersonalthemes.?古典主義：一種在文學(xué),藝術(shù)，音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域體現(xiàn)古代希臘，羅馬風(fēng)格的運(yùn)動(dòng).ative.?hahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweentheprotagonistandsoc7/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋tin沖突：故事，小說(shuō),戲劇中相對(duì)的力量和人物之間的對(duì)立。對(duì)句:兩個(gè)連續(xù)押韻的詩(shī)行。英雄雙行體的對(duì)句一般都為抑揚(yáng)格五音步.setthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfroma批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義：批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在19世紀(jì)40年代達(dá)到高潮。批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家們往往把從民主的角度批評(píng)和揭露資本主義社會(huì)的丑惡視為己任,但他們并沒(méi)有找到治療社會(huì)弊病的良方.916－1923)thatsoughtthediscoveryofauthenticrealitythroughthet8/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋39．Darwinism(達(dá)爾文主義)ItisatermthatcomesfromCharlesDarwin'sevolutionarytheormsoflifeandhumansarespecialnotbecauseGodcreatedthembutllyInfluencedbyDarwinismsomeAmericansthatpartofaplay，shortstory，novel，ornarrativepoeminbyforcesbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.Determinism，assignscontrolespeciallytoheredityandenvironment，wi42.Didacticliterature(教誨文學(xué))rowning'sMyLastDuchessisatypicalexample.合往往對(duì)反映說(shuō)話人的性格特征和詩(shī)歌的主題是至關(guān)重要的。Apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual.Anuctureandsolemnorevenmelancholyintone．9/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋較莊重甚至是哀傷的.45.EnlightenmentMovement(啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng))ndcomestoEnglandinthethcenturyItstressesthepowernendofawork．頓悟：對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)真諦的頓悟或洞察,通常出現(xiàn)在作品的結(jié)尾.Anepistolarynovelisaanoveltoldthroughthemediumofleo49.Essay(散文/小品文)subjectinalimitedwayandexpressesaparticularpointorrmalessayisusuallybriefandiswrittenasifthewriteriste獨(dú)特的看法。小品文的風(fēng)格要么嚴(yán)肅要么幽默,組織或嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)或松散,情感或抒發(fā)或藏而不露.小品文大體上又分為正式的和非正式的兩種.非正式的小品文一般比較短，使用對(duì)話的風(fēng)格和個(gè)人化或幽默的語(yǔ)氣，似乎在給讀者針對(duì)一個(gè)話題侃侃而談。相比之下,正式的小品文則組織嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，風(fēng)格高雅，語(yǔ)氣嚴(yán)肅。10/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋lyandyDuringthetheexperimentalnovelwasthemainstreamoftheliterature.y,inwhichanumberofpainterssoughttoavoidtherepresentationofexternalrealityand，instead，toprojectahighlytionagainstrealismornaturalism,aimingatpresentinga53。Farce(輕喜劇)?Atypeofcomedybasedonaridiculousalaction.ThecharactersinafarceareoftenthebuttsofpAcharacterwhohasoneortwosides，representingoneortwotrai55.Fiction(小說(shuō))倒敘:在短篇小說(shuō)、小說(shuō)、戲劇或敘事詩(shī)中穿插在敘述中講述更早的一件事。57．Foreshadowing(鋪墊)Theuseofhintsorcluesinanarrativetosuggestwhatwillhappenlater。Writersuseforeshadowingtocreateinterestandtobuil伏筆：在敘述中使用暗示或線索來(lái)預(yù)示將要發(fā)生的事情,作家們使用伏筆來(lái)增加讀者的興趣11/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋dinhisworkAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan。?FreeverseAkindofpoetrythatlacksregularmetesires，andinhibitionsdominatehumanbehavior.AlotofmbyFreudianismdeeply。61．Genre(體裁)enntedcastles.63．GraveyardSchool(墓地派詩(shī)歌)TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcentrmeditationonlife，pastandpresent，withdeathandgraveyHarlemRenaissanceisaperiodofremarkablecreativityintinguishedwriterswhoarepartofthemovementincludeLangstonHughesandRichardWright。12/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋65。HemingwayCodeHero(海明威式英雄)AsaconceptfromHemingway'sworks，codeheroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwholivescorrectly，followingtheidealsofhonmanofdecidedlymasculinetastes，amanwhoissensitiveandi雄雙韻體..67?Humanism(人文主義)epresentlife。Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecentrmb－-thatis，anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyll五步抑揚(yáng)格:一種詩(shī)句形式，每行詩(shī)句包含五個(gè)抑揚(yáng)格音步。意象：用來(lái)在讀者的思維中喚起某種圖示或形象的詞匯.edandexemplifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwritersinLoat13/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋Itisastyleofpaintingthatgivestheimpressionmadebythetersacceptedthesameconvictionthatthepersonalattitudesand語(yǔ)：一種建立在字面表述和真實(shí)意義上或期待產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和真實(shí)的結(jié)果之間的對(duì)比。73.JazzAge(爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代)ngtheprominentconcernsandtrendsoftheperiodarethepublicembraceoftechnologicaldevelopmentsaswellasnewasethatdescribespersons,thingsoreventinametaphorwhisionplayswhoseheroesusuallycouealismwhichoftendepictedthedomesticsituationsofworkingWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSo14/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋nndepictsthecharactersfromaspecificsettingorofaneksoflocalcoloristsistowriteorpresentlocalcharacte77。LostGeneration(迷惘的一代)swdwascrazyandmeaninglessandfutile．Thecomingofthephrasllformsofthelyric．79.Melodrama(情節(jié)劇)?Adramathathasstereotypedcharacters，Itittheliterarytermdescribingdictionalwritingthatself-con15/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋thereaderforgetheorsheisreadingafictionalwork。Afigureofspeechthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwothingkingthecomparison．82.MetaphysicalPoets(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人)Agroupof17th-centurypoetswhoemployedtheterminologyneinfluencedbyNeo—Platonism。ThisgroupwasbestrepresentedphysicalpoetryareJohnDonne，AndrewMarvellandGeorgeHerbertMetaphysicalpoetrymarkedasharpdeparturefromtheprevailingtrendandhadgreatinfluenceamongthepoetsofthetime.84.Meter(格律)l格律:詩(shī)歌中通常的重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的排列模式。16/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋87.Mockepic(諷刺史詩(shī))heroicpoem．?諷刺史詩(shī):一種用史詩(shī)的宏大風(fēng)格來(lái)描寫(xiě)微不足道的事情的喜劇形式.88.Modernism(現(xiàn)代主義)andflourisheduntil1950s.ModernismtakestheirrationalArecurrentthematicelementinanartisticorliterarywork．主題：藝術(shù)品或文學(xué)作品中反復(fù)體現(xiàn)的、揭示主題的部分。敘事詩(shī):講述一個(gè)故事的詩(shī)歌.Likedescription，narrationisapartofconversationandwrn92.Narrator(敘述者)?Onewhonarratesortellsastory.Astoryrratorcanalsorefertoacharacterinadramawhoguidestheaetimesparticipatinginit．n17/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋telNovel(小說(shuō))plot97.Ode(頌歌)?Usuallyalyricpoemofmoderatelength,withawrature,asKeats’OdetoaNightingaleorShelly’sOdetotheWestW98．OttavaRima(八行體)heffectthroughtheuseofexaggerationormockery.Inliteratd18/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋irWalterRaleigh’sTheNymph’sReplytotheShepherd.Raleig?er‘sfeelingsofpity,sorrow,orcompassionforacharacter。?悲悵：文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品的一種引發(fā)讀者憐憫,同情或傷感的特質(zhì)。?holzationofRebeccaSharpisverymuchpsychologicalsequenceofeventsoractionsinashortstory，novel，playornunityandorder。Forthewriter，theplotistheguidingprid,isthemostimportantelementofaplot.nTheperspectivefromwhichastoryistold。Themostobviouspoidfromthepointofviewofacharacter,inthethirdperson.Thracter’sspeechwithoutcommentoremotion。Thereaderhastointerpretthemanduncovertheirmeanings.Anarratormaybe19/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋108.Postmodernism(后現(xiàn)代主義)Thetermisusedtodescribecertaintendenciesinpost-WWIItsernistapostmodernistliteraturefindakindoffulfillmentinthemItreferstotheheroorcentralcharacterwhoisoftenhinderedbysomesorherobjectives．?scheme.Quatrainsusuallyfollowanabab，abbaorabcbrhymescheme.112.Renaissance(文藝復(fù)興)113.Refrain(疊句)?Awordphrase,line，orgroupoflines114.Rhyme(壓韻)20/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋115.Romance(傳奇故事)?Anyimaginativeliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.Originnn傳奇故事：設(shè)定在想象世界中的以英雄冒險(xiǎn)和善惡之間的斗爭(zhēng)為題材的文學(xué)作品。?ephilosophy，music，andartinwesterncultureduringthemostofthelate18thcentury，beginningasarevoltagainonandnaturalbeautyTheEnglishRomanticperiodisanageAroundcharacterisamajorcharacterinaworkoffictionotivesandotherfeaturesoftheroundcharacterstendtobemore諷刺:一種諷刺個(gè)人，習(xí)俗或人性中的缺點(diǎn)或錯(cuò)誤的文體.?119.Scansion(韻律分析)ng(六行詩(shī))poemorstanza.?21/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋narrative，drama,ornoveltakesplace。?背景：記敘文、戲劇或小說(shuō)發(fā)生aunlikethings。?明喻:兩種事物之間借助于比喻詞匯進(jìn)行的比較。eThetermisderivedfhcentury，ithadcometosignifyapoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowastrictrhymeschemeadspecificstructure．Ttwopatternsofrhymeinsonnetswritteninthehe14th－centuryItalianpoetPetrarchfallsintotwomainphicernAmerica．SouthernGothicemployselementssuchastheinthlineiswritteniniambichexameterandiscallan128.Stanza(詩(shī)節(jié))22/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋verselineswhichusuallycomprisemeterandrhyme.th