基本物理常量

PAGE基本物理常量表1國際單位制物理量名稱單位名稱單位符號用其它SI單位表示式中文國際基本單位長度米米m質量千克千克kg時間秒秒s電流安培安A熱力學溫標開爾文開K物質的量摩爾摩mol光強度坎德拉坎cd輔助單位平面角立體角弧度球面度弧度球面度radsr導出單位面積平方米米2m2s–1速度米每秒米/秒m/s加速度米每秒平方米/秒2m/s2密度千克每立方米千克/米3kg/m3頻率赫茲赫Hz力牛頓牛Nm·kg·s－2壓力、壓強、應力帕斯卡帕PaN/m2功、能量、熱量焦爾焦JN·m功率、輻射通量瓦特瓦wJ/s電量、電荷庫侖庫CS·A電位、電壓、電動勢伏特伏VW/A電容法拉法FC/V電阻歐姆歐ΩV/A磁通量韋伯韋wbV·s磁感應強度特斯拉特TWb/m2電感亨利亨HWb/A光通量流明流lmlm/m2光照度勒克斯勒lx粘度帕斯卡秒帕·秒Pa·s表面張力牛頓每米牛/米N/m比熱容焦爾每米克開爾文焦/（千克·開）J/(kg·K)熱導率瓦特每米開爾文瓦/（米·開）W/(m·K)電容率（介電常量）法拉每米法/米F/m磁導率亨利米亨/米H/m

表2基本物理常數(shù)1986年國際推薦值量符號數(shù)值單位不確定度ppm光速c299，792，458Ms-1（精確）真空磁導率μ0410N·A-1（精確）真空介電常量，1/μ0c2ε08.854187817…1012F·m-1（精確）牛頓引力常量G6.67259(85)1011m3kg-1·s-2128普朗克常量

h6.6260755(40)10-34J·s0.60基本電荷e1.60217733(49)10-19C0.30電子質量me0.91093897(54)10-30kg0.59電子荷質比-e/me-1.75881962(53)1011C/kg0.30質子質量mp1.6726231(10)10-27kg0.59里德伯常量R∞10973731.534(13)m-10.0012精細結構常數(shù)a7.29735308(33)10-30.045阿伏伽德羅常量NA，L6.0221367(36)1023mol-10.59氣體常量R8.314510(70)Jmol-1K-18.4玻耳茲曼常量k1.380658(12)1023J·K-18.4摩爾體積（理想氣體）T=273.15K；p=101325PaVm22.41410(29)L/mol8.4圓周率3.14159265自然對數(shù)底e2.71828183對數(shù)變換因子loge102.30258509注：摘自《物理》，1987年，Nol，P7-12.表320℃時常見固體和液體的密度物質密度ρ(kg/m3)物質密度ρ(kg/m3)鋁2698.9窗玻璃2400~2700銅8960冰（0℃）800~920鐵7874石蠟792銀10500有機玻璃1200~1500金19320甲醇792鎢19300乙醇789.4鉑21450乙醚714鉛11350汽油710~720錫7298弗利昂-121329水銀13546.2變壓器油840~890鋼7600~7900甘油1260石英2500~2800食鹽2140水晶玻璃2900~3000

表4標準大氣壓下不同溫度的純水密度溫度t(℃)密度ρ(kg/m3)溫度t(℃)密度ρ(kg/m3)溫度t(℃)密度ρ(kg/m3)0999.84117.0998.77434.0994.3711.0999.90018.0998.59535.0994.0312.0999.94119.0998.40536.0993.683.0999.96520.0998.20337.0993.334.0999.97321.0997.99238.0992.965.0999.96522.0997.77039.0992.596.0999.94123.0997.53840.0992.217.0999.90224.0997.29641.0991.838.0999.84925.0997.04442.0991.449.0999.78126.0996.78310.0999.70027.0996.51250.0998.0411.0999.60528.0996.23260.0983.2112.0999.49829.0995.94470.0977.7813.0999.37730.0995.64680.0975.3114.0999.24431.0995.34090.0965.3115.0999.09932.0995.025100.0958.3516.0999.94333.0994.702表5在海平面上不同緯度處的重力加速度緯度φ（度）g(m/s2)緯度φ（度）g(m/s2)09.7849509.8107959.78088559.81515109.78204609.81924159.78394659.82249209.78652709.82614259.78969759.82873309.79338809.83065359.79740859.83182409.80818909.83221*表中列出數(shù)值根據(jù)公式：g=9.78049(1+0.005288sin2φ-0.000006sin2φ),式中φ為緯度。

表6在20C時部分金屬的楊氏彈性模量金屬名稱楊氏模量Ε（Gpa）(102kg/mm2)鋁69~7070~71鎢407415鐵186~206190~210銅103~127105~130金7779銀69~8070~82鋅7880鎳203205鉻235~245240~250合金鋼206~216210~220碳鋼169~206200~210康鋼160163*楊氏模量值尚與材料結構、化學成份、加工方法關系密切、實際材料可能與表列數(shù)值不盡相同。表7水的飽和蒸汽壓與溫度的關系Pa（mmHg）溫度℃0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0-10.0260.8238.6218.1199.3182.0166.0151.4138.0125.6114.2(1.956)(1.790)(1.636)(1.495)(1.365)(1.246)(1.136)(1.035)(0.942)(0.857)-0.0610.7562.6517.8476.4438.0402.4369.4338.9310.8284.8(4.581)(4.220)(3.884)(3.573)(3.285)(3.018)(3.771)(2.542)(2.331)(2.136)0.0610.7656.6705.5757.7813.1872.2934.81061.61072.61147.8(4.581)(4.925)(5.292)(5.683)(6.099)(6.542)(7.012)(7.513)(8.045)(8.609)10.01227.81312.041402.31497.31598.31704.91817.81937.32063.62196.9(9.209)(9.844)(10.518)(11.231)(11.988)(12.788)(13.635)(14.531)(15.478)(16.478)20.02337.82486.62643.52809.12983.63167.63361.63565.33779.94005.8(17.535)(18.651)(19.828)(21.070)(22.379)(23.759)(25.212)(26.742)(28.352)(30.046)30.04243.24493.04755.35030.95380.15623.65942.26276.16626.16993.1(31.827)(33.700)(35.668)(37.735)(39.904)(42.181)(44.570)(47.075)(49.701)(52.453)40.07377.47778.78201.08641.89102.81008710615106151116511739(55.335)(58.354)(61.513)(64.819)(64.819)(68.277)(71.892)(79.619)(83.744)(88.050)

表8蓖麻油的粘度和溫度的關系溫度（℃）η(10-3Pa.s)05300537601024201515142098625621304513531240231100169表9不同溫度下與空氣接觸的水的表面張力溫度℃10-3N·m溫度℃10-3N·m溫度℃10-3N·m075.621673.343071.15574.901773.204069.55674.761873.055067.90874.481972.896066.171074.202072.757064.411174.072172.608062.601273.922272.449060.741373.782372.2810058.841473.642472.121573.482571.96表10不同濕度時干燥空氣中的聲速（m·s）溫度(℃)012345678960366.05366.60367.14367.69368.24368.78369.33369.87370.42370.4250360.51361.07361.62362.18362.74363.29363.84364.39364.95364.9540354.89355.46356.02356.58357.15357.71358.27358.83359.39359.9530349.18349.75350.33350.90351.47352.04352.62353.19353.75354.3220343.37343.95344.54345.12345.70346.29346.87347.74348.02348.6010337.46338.06338.65339.25339.94340.43341.02341.61342.20342.780331.45332.06332.66333.27333.87334.47335.57335.67336.27332.87-10325.33324.71324.09323.47322.84322.22321.60320.97320.34319.72-20319.09318.45317.82317.19316.55315.92315.28314.64314.00313.36-30312.72311.43311.43310.78310.14309.49308.84308.19307.53306.88-40306.22304.91304.91304.25303.58302.92302.26301.59300.92300.25-50299.58298.91298.24297.65296.89296.21295.53294.85294.16293.48-60292.79292.11291.42290.73290.03289.34288.64287.95287.25286.55-70285.54285.14284.43283.73283.02282.30281.59280.88280.16279.44-80278.72278.00277.27276.55275.82275.09274.36273.62272.89272.15-90271.41270.67269.92269.18268.43267.68266.93266.17265.42264.66

表11相對濕度查對表干濕差度2520151050252015105030938986837976736761559389868279767266605493898682797572655953938985817875716559539288858178747164585192888581777470635751928884807773706256499288848076726962554892888380757268615447918783797571676052459187837874706659514491868278747065585043918682777369655649419086817772686355473990858176716762544837908580757166615344359084797470656051423389847974696