當(dāng)代研究生英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案(上冊(cè)、下冊(cè))總結(jié)好的-供期末考試用英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)

當(dāng)代研究生英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案(上冊(cè)、下冊(cè))總結(jié)好的,供期末考試用英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)代討論生英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案(上冊(cè)、下冊(cè))總結(jié)好的,供期末考試用英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)

1.TheBillhasincorporatedmanyofthesuggestionsputforwardbytheopposition.2.Newtechnologiesareneededtoinvigoratethecountry’seconomy.3.Thesoldiersuppressedhisfearandwentonfighting.

4.Thenoiseofcarspassingalongtheroadisacontinualdisturbancetoourquietlife.5.Thiscountryissufferingfromitseconomicstagnation.6.Theoldmancherishedthegirlasifshewerehisdaughter.7.Donotlosehope;rememberthemotto“Neversaydie”.

8.Thetempleishighinthemountain,andisinaccessibletothepublicinwinter.9.Thechildshoweddefiancebyrefusingtoeat.

10.Iamdefendingmycommunistideologymyideals,thecontentandsignificanceofmywholelife.

11.Thecarrandownthehillunderitsownimpetus.

12.Thereacanalwasbeingbuilttofacilitatecommercebetweenthesetwocities.13.Myfirstparachutejumpwasa(n)exhilaratingexperience.14.Ismyconvictionthatyoudidnottryhardenough.

15.“Worldlywealthistransient;heavenlywealthlastsforever.”saidthepriest.

1.Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler()respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

A.quotesB.confirmsC.recitesD.convinces

2.Hecouldscarcelyresisttakinganotherdrinkofthedeliciouswine,butrememberingthedoctor’sadvice,he().

ArefrainedBwithdrewCavoidedDretreated

3.Whenpeoplehavetheirbasicneedssatisfied,theybegintothinkofotherthingstofulfilltheirlife().

AnecessitiesBrequirementsCappreciationsDexpectations

4.Withinseconds,theexperiencedinstructor()thesituationanddecidedtoattemptrescue.AassumedBassuredCassessedDaffirmed

5.Mostgoodwritersuseeverymeansattheir()tomakethereader’swaysmoothandeasy.AwillBdisposalCrequestDconvenience

6.Thenewapartmenthousebuiltafewmonthsagoislargeenoughto()overtwohundredpeople.

AaccommodateBlocateCsettleDreside

7.Ariver()throughthenarrowwoodedvalleybelow.ApoursBtwistsCexpendsDexpands

8.TouseaChinesesaying,thisis“apunishmentwhichtheywell()”.AdesertBdeserveCreserveDpreserve

9.Thecaptainoftheship()thepassengersthattherewasnodanger.AsecuredBensuredCassuredDguaranteed

10.Thegrowthofcitiesandsuburbsthroughouttheregionhas()theresidentstobuildhouseswherevertheycouldfindopenland.

AconvertedBappealedCjustifiedDencouragedUnit2

1.Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

AcompleteBcomplexCcompositeDcompact2.Hisauthorityand()makehimanexcellentteacher.

Aself-consciousnessBself-confidenceCself-centerednessDself-regard

3.Beingbothspoiltandlazyhe()everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.AaccusedBchargedCcriticizedDblamed

4.WhenIlearnedthatIhadpassedtheexam,Ifelt()andrelaxed.AcarelessBtrouble-freeCnegligentDcare-free

5.Averylargecatwaswatchingusintentlyfromthetopofa()car.AcarelessBstationeryCmotionlessDstationary

6.Thisisthe()pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.AactualBrealCgenuineDcontemporary

7.Yourusualteacherhaslosthisvoiceand()Iamtakinghisplacetoday.AneverthelessBhoweverCmoreoverDaccordingly8.A()womanisneededtotakecareoftwosmallchildren.AconfidentBreliableCtrustyDfaithful9.Ihavehada()ofmisfortunes.

AcontinuationBrepetitionCcontinuityDsuccession

10.Hehadan()habitofemptyingashtraysoutofhisupstairswindowontoourdoorstep.AobjectionableBafflictingCuneducatedDoffending11.Themusicarouseda(n)()feelingofhomesicknessinhim.AintenseBhopelessCintensiveDsad

12.Thejury()himofhavingcommittedtherobberyandhewasthensentencedtofiveyear’simprisonment.

AaccusedBchargedCconvictedDacquitted

13.Thebookprovedtobeveryunreliableandsowasquite()tohiminhisresearch.AunimportantBdisusedCuselessDunusable

14.Theplanwas()whenitwasdiscoveredjusthowmuchtheschemewouldcost.AresignedBabandonedCreleasedDredeemed

15.Theblowattheendofroundthreeknockedthechampion().AinsensitiveBstupefiedCsenselessDnonsensicalUnit3

1.TheRomanempire()underpressurepressurefromuncivilizednortherntribes.

AtrembledBcrumbledChurdledDsmashed

2.thepoliceare()awaragainstcrimeinthecity.Acommitting

BbreakingCundertakingDwaging

3.thesignwasnolongerlegiblebecausemuchoftheletteringhad()。AworndownBwornonCwornawayDwornout4.they()whetheraninternationalloanwaspossible.AdissolvedBdisputedCdissentedDdistorted5.heisalways()hisknowledgeinpublic

AairingBpraisingCassumingDretorting

6.flowersarebloominginscarletprofusiononthe()oftherice-fields.AspacesBclearingsCmarginsDvacuums

7.theyoungsoldier’shearingwas()aftertheexplosionAstrengthenedBtrappedCmanipulatedDimpaired

8.blackdeathwas()inenglandinthesummerof1348withoutanywarningand,most

importantly,withoutanycure.

AcurrentBcirculatingCprevailingDuniversal

9.thegoodnewsisthataspeopleinfectedwithHIVkeeptakingthetriple-drug(),theyhave

anexcellentchanceofsurvivingtheinfectionforalongtime.AantigenBcocktailCmicrobeDtherapy

10.becauseithaslongbeenknownthatHIVkillsCD4cellswhenitreplicatesinsidethem,many

researchershavebeentooreadyto()thatthisisthereasontheyalldie.AdiscoverBassumeCretortDpronounce

Measuresomeunlesshoweverseparatewhenenvironmentallyhappenopportunitycapableindifferencedemonstrateupaveragewithbutfailisolatenever

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn().Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,()beingmorecapablethanothers.()nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligence()hehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhat()totheindividual---thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought().Ifanindividualishandicapped(),itislikelythathisbrainwill()todevelopandhewill()attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis().Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbe()bythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeteranJohn.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedin()fosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinan()communitywithpooreducational().John,(),waseducatedinhomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Thisenvironmental()continueduntilthetwinswere()theirlateteens,()theyweregiventeststo()theirintelligence.

John’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthanthe()andfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.

Creativitysostimulatecontrolonsubstancemindcarrychemicalstheylearningefficientaffectdiscoverinterest

Recentstudiesofthehumanbrainhaveresultedinsomeinterestingdiscoveries.Scientistsbelievethatawaytoimprovethepowerofthebrainmaysoonbepossible.

Scientistshave()thatthebraincanmakeitsowndrugs.Thebraincontainsaprotein()whichcanactdirectly()thebraintochangeaspectsofmentalactivity.Somemaychangeorimprove,forexample,(),intelligence,imagination,andgoodmemory.

Chemicalsfoundinthebrain()messages.Inrecentyearsscientistshavefoundchemicalsthat()mood,memoryandotherhappeningsofthe().About25havebeenfound()far.

Todaytheroleof()andproteinsubstanceinhumanbehaviouriscreatingmuch(),Researchseemstoshowthattheymayhelp()insomnia,pain,andmentalillness.Theyhaveagreatcapacityto()thebraintoconquerdeficiencies.()alsoimprovethequalitiesofmemoryand()alreadyinthebrain.Theyholdthesecrettomoodandemotion.Somedaytheremaybeachemicalwaytocreateabetterandmore()brain.

Sampleimmunewhichwaysleadtonumbertakerebuildatallfurtherdrugthatarguedisruptcopewithtrapalongsidefindinglossprolong

BymeasuringtheamountofHIV’sgeneticmaterialinvariousrepresentativetissuesamplesfrominfectedpeople,andextrapolatingfromthese(sample)totheentirebody,Haaseestimatesthatatmost1in2,500cells,maybefewer,isinfectedwithHIV.Thisisnowherenearenoughfordirectcellkillingtoaccountforthedepletionintheirnumbersthat(leadsto)AIDS.

HaasesaysthathisownworknowshowsthatlargenumbersofCD4cellsarebecoming(trapped)inlymphtissue,andhebelievesthatHIValso(disrupts)theproductionofnewcells.Incommonwithanumberofotherresearchers,healsobelievesthatHIVmaycausethe(loss)ofuninfectedCD4cellsbytriggeringabnormallyhighlevelsofcellsuicide,orapoptosisaseparateprocessthathasbeenasubjectofresearchthroughoutthe1990s.

Takentogether,these(findings)clearlysuggestthatHIVkeepsthe(immune)systeminstateofconstantactivation,andunbalancesitinfour(ways):bytrappingmaturecells,bykillingasmallbutsignificant(number)ofcellsdirectly.Theircombinedimpactleavestheimmunesystemdepletedandunableto(copewith)opportunisticinfections.

Howwillanyofthisaffecttreatments?Wouldbetterknowledgeofthewaysin(which)thevirusdisturbstheimmunesystemenableresearchersto(rebuild)it,broadeningthedepletedrepertoireofCD4cells?Roederer,atleast,thinksthatdrugsthatdirectlyaffecttheimmunesystemwillbeneeded.

Othersgo(further).JayLevyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,worriesthat(prolonged)treatmentwithcocktailsofantiviral(drugs)mightevenfooltheimmunesystemand“putittorest”,bykeepinglevelsofHIVsolowinthebody(that)theyfailtotriggeranyimmuneresponses(atall).Thisnightmakeindividualswhostop(taking)thedurgsevenmorevulnerable.He(argues)thatimmune-restoringtreatmentsshouldbegiven(alongside)antiviraldrugs.Already,someresearchersareworkingonnovelapproachessuchasdevelopinggeneticallyengineeredTcellstoreplacelostCD4cells.Unit4

TransactionrefertothroughacrossfocusoncoveratalllevelsofnothinginthecaseofcomeintonecessarilymakecommunitybepreparedtohaveaccesstoEconomic“globalization”isahistoricalprocess,theresultofhumaninnovationandtechnologicalprogress.Itreferstotheincreasingintegrationofeconomiesaroundtheworld,particularlythroughtradeandfinancialflows.Thetermsometimesalso()themovementofpeople(labor)andknowledge(technology)()internationalborders.Therearealsobroadercultural,politicalandenvironmentaldimensionsofglobalizationthatarenot()here.

Atitsmostbasic,thereis()mysteriousaboutglobalization.Theterm()commonusagesincethe1980s,reflectingtechnologicaladvancesthat()iteasierandquickertocompleteinternational()---bothtradeandfinancialflows.Itreferstoanextensionbeyondnationalbordersofthesamemarketforcesthathaveoperatedforcenturies()humaneconomicactivity---villagemarkets,urbanindustries,orfinancialcenters.

Marketspromoteefficiency()competitionandthedivisionoflaborthespecializationthatallowspeopleandeconomiesto()whattheydobest.Globalmatketsoffergreateropportunityforpeopletotapintomoreandlargermarketsaroundtheworld.Itmeansthattheycan()morecapitalflows,technology,cheaperimports,andlargerexportmarkets.Butmarketsdonot()ensurethatthebenefitsofincreasedefficiencyaresharedbyall.Countriesmust()embracethepoliciesneeded,and()thepoorestcountriesmayneedthesupportoftheinternational()astheydoso.

在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對(duì)生活方式的看法要經(jīng)受四個(gè)感知方面的微妙變化：第一，在內(nèi)心中對(duì)自己和他人的看法；其次，在生活中的各種威逼面前所具有的安全感；第三是我們對(duì)時(shí)間的熟悉，是感到來(lái)日方長(zhǎng)，還是開頭感到時(shí)日無(wú)多？最終是對(duì)自己的精力和活力的直覺意識(shí)，是感到精力充足，還是感到力不從心？這些都是我們內(nèi)心里產(chǎn)生的若明若暗的感覺，他們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，影響著我們實(shí)行行動(dòng)前的種種打算。

人生這一階段的任務(wù)是，在同齡人中、在性別角色中、在期望的職業(yè)中、以及在思想意識(shí)和世界觀方面確立自己的位置。這樣，我們既有了離家獨(dú)立的動(dòng)力，也有了離家獨(dú)立的心理預(yù)備。

由于夢(mèng)想的鼓舞和支持以及對(duì)自己的意志布滿信念，我們?cè)诙畾q時(shí)普遍認(rèn)定自己所選擇的道路是人生真正的事業(yè)所在。假如有人說(shuō)我們很想自己的父母，說(shuō)我們的言行舉止是父母二十多年來(lái)教育和熏陶的結(jié)果，我們會(huì)很不快樂。

幾年之后此病毒從剛果荒蠻濃密的叢林中爆發(fā)出來(lái)。一旦流傳開來(lái)，它就隨著反叛部隊(duì)穿越大陸的各個(gè)戰(zhàn)區(qū)；隨著貨車司機(jī)駛過(guò)各個(gè)妓院；最終，可能隨著空中乘務(wù)員飛往美國(guó)，并在那里于20世紀(jì)80年月初被發(fā)覺。

在津巴布韋的25個(gè)受監(jiān)控的地區(qū)，懷孕的婦女承受了HIV病毒的檢測(cè)。1997年只有兩個(gè)地區(qū)顯示其感染率在10%以下。

這是由于在貧困國(guó)家很多人對(duì)正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)展不起作用。說(shuō)得再殘酷些，在一個(gè)擁有大量非技術(shù)勞力的國(guó)家里，死去的勞力很簡(jiǎn)單被取代。

當(dāng)一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭損失就不是一個(gè)人的事了。以為不只是他的收入沒有了，

他的親屬還要花時(shí)間和金錢去照料他。

泰國(guó)政府認(rèn)為沒有必要向肯尼亞那樣由于可怕嚇走了旅游者而淡化HIV傳播的嚴(yán)峻性。泰國(guó)人被

反復(fù)告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避開它，最終由他們自己去做出選擇。

近四年來(lái)，病毒引起免疫系統(tǒng)災(zāi)難性崩潰從而導(dǎo)致艾滋病這一理論始終主宰著人類對(duì)HIV的討論。但是這種理論的全都性現(xiàn)在正在動(dòng)搖，局部緣由是由于免疫學(xué)家費(fèi)蘭克。米德馬領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一支荷蘭小組對(duì)HIV的討論工作。假如荷蘭小組是正確的話，其影響將是深遠(yuǎn)的。感染HIV的人將有望得到新方法的治療。而一些話費(fèi)幾十億美元的討論工程中最具權(quán)威的理論就會(huì)被推翻。

總體而言，世界貿(mào)易組織接受了有利與跨國(guó)商務(wù)活動(dòng)的規(guī)章，拒絕了商務(wù)活動(dòng)反對(duì)的規(guī)章。世界貿(mào)易組織的政策遭到了來(lái)自“民間社團(tuán)”的代表，如工會(huì)、消費(fèi)者積極分子、環(huán)境愛護(hù)主義者、土著民居、婦女團(tuán)體等的反對(duì)。墨西哥在執(zhí)行北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定不久，貨幣危機(jī)使國(guó)家陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，小業(yè)主們也走向街頭反對(duì)“自由貿(mào)易”。不同意北部聯(lián)盟有關(guān)勞動(dòng)愛護(hù)條款的南半球的貧困國(guó)家也認(rèn)為世界貿(mào)易組織并不為大多數(shù)人謀福利。

擴(kuò)展閱讀：當(dāng)代討論生英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案(上冊(cè)、下冊(cè))總結(jié)好的,供期末考試用

一、VocabularyA依據(jù)定義寫單詞Unit1

InthepastformerlyIncludeembraceman-madeartificialcontrolsystematicallyregulateexactlypreciselyundesiredunwantedirrelevantextraneoushavingintensefeelingpassionate

aimtowardbetargetedtonotfarawayathandbechargedforbesendforUnit3

ContainingmanydetailedpartsandthusdifficulttounderstandintricateNearlycorrectbutnotexactlyapproximatelyAsuddenshakingoftheEarthssurfaceearthquakeHavingmanydifferentkindsofskillsorabilitiesversatileStandingapart,separateasistobealoneisolatedTheoppositeinposition;theotherwayaroundreverseInadditionto;alsoaswellasDependingoneachother;necessarytoeachotherinterdependentIncreaseinnumberbygivingbirthtooffspringmultiplyEatsomethinginordertostayaliveorsubsistliveonDestroycompletelykilloffNotinitsexactoraccuratepositionoutoftrueProvidewithproperornecessaryskills,knowledgeetc.quality(not)inanyway(not)atallAsaresultfromanaturalimpulseortendencyspontaneously

Unit5

Learnanddiscover(afactthatwashidden)findoutAgroupofpeoplelivingtogetherbysharedinterests,religion,munityChangeintosomethingofdifferentformorpropertiesconvertHaveaclearmeaningwakesenseAstateofverystrongfeeling,esp.ofjoyandhappinessecstasyTaketheplaceofreplacetosomeextent;somewhatmoreorlessatthelowestestimateorfigureatleastnoteasilymanaged;hardtotreat,relieve,orcureintractableunderstand;figureoutthemeaningofmakeout下冊(cè)：Unit3

1.Ageneralagreenmentconsensus2.Breakintosmallpiecescrumble3.Ofthegreatestimportancevital4.Mostcommonprevailing

5.Becomegraduallyfewerorsmallerdwindle6.Callintoquestiondispute

7.Apersonwhoarguesinfavorofsomethingproponent8.Anauthoritativeprincipleorbeliefdogma9.Largeinamountmassive10.Explaininterpret11.Suspicionhunch

12.Baffleorconfusepuzzle

UNIT5

1.Emerged

2.Launch3.Gap4.declined5.Mcedures7.Cvisions二、選詞填空

下冊(cè)：UNIT1

UNIT2

三、翻譯UNIT11.Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.一種真正的市場(chǎng)型治理模式很快成為可能。

2.Incyberspace,we`llabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned----intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.

在信息空間，我們將能夠檢驗(yàn)并完善所需要的治理制度-----學(xué)問產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、效勞內(nèi)容與使用權(quán)的掌握制度、個(gè)人隱私權(quán)與自由言論制度等3.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein;otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswho

qualifyononebasisoranother.

有些群體允許任何人參加，而有一些則只允許符合這樣或那樣條件的人參加。

4.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplit

intosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).

能夠自持的群體會(huì)興盛進(jìn)展（或許也會(huì)由于知趣與身份日趨特別，而進(jìn)展成為幾個(gè)

分支）。

Thosethatcan`tsurvive----eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff----willsimplywitheraway.

有些群體或由于成員失去興趣，或由于成員被嚇跑而不能幸存下來(lái)，它們將慢慢萎縮消亡。Unit2

Oncetheproblemisunderstood,improvementcomesnaturally.一旦問題得到理解，狀況自然有所改善。Womenwhofeelabandonedanddeprivedwhentheirhusbandswon“tlistentoorreport

dailynewsmaybehappytodiscovertheirhusbandstryingtoadaptoncetheyunderstandtheplaceofsmalltalkinwomen“srelationships.

那些通常因丈夫不傾聽或不談?wù)撁刻彀l(fā)生的事情而感到被遺棄、感到丟失生活樂趣的女性會(huì)快樂的發(fā)覺，她們的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的談話在女性關(guān)系中的地位后，正努力地在適應(yīng)Butiftheirhusbandsdon“tadapt,thewomenmaystillbecomfortedthatformen,

thisisnotafailureofintimacy.

假如丈夫不適應(yīng)，妻子仍舊能夠得到勸慰，由于她知道，對(duì)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是不親切的表現(xiàn)。

Acceptingthedifference,thewivesmaylooktotheirfriendsorfamilyforthatkindoftalk.

當(dāng)妻子承受了男女存在區(qū)分這一事實(shí)后，便會(huì)去找自己的朋友或家人說(shuō)一說(shuō)話。

Andhusbandswhocan“tprovideitshouldn“tfeeltheirwiveshavemadeunreasonable

demands.

那些不能夠賜予妻子談話歡樂的丈夫，也不應(yīng)當(dāng)覺得妻子提出了無(wú)理要求。

Somecoupleswillstilldecidetodivorce,butatleasttheirdecisionswillbebasedon

realisticexpectations.

仍舊會(huì)有一些夫妻打算離婚，但起碼他們的打算是建立在比擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的期望根底上的。UNIT3

Whenitfirstcameintobeing,theEarthverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallan

oceanandanatmosphere.

在地球形成的初期，上面很可能沒有我們今日稱之為海洋和大氣層之類的東西。Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbythe

energeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.

在20億到30億年前期間，一局部地球外表的水在太陽(yáng)能的作用下，形成了構(gòu)造復(fù)

雜的化合物，這些化合物敏捷多變，足以形成我們稱之為“生命”的東西。

Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyofliving

portions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

整個(gè)星球是一種由無(wú)機(jī)局部和各種各樣的有機(jī)生命構(gòu)成的生命形式（正如我們自己

的身體，既是由各種各樣的有機(jī)局部構(gòu)成，又是由骨骼中的無(wú)機(jī)晶體和血液中的無(wú)積水分所構(gòu)成）。

Inthesameway,onaplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynot

threatenEarth“slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.

5.同樣，從全球的規(guī)?？紤]，砍掉一整片森林在總體上不會(huì)對(duì)地球生命構(gòu)成威逼，但

是這樣做會(huì)對(duì)該地區(qū)的生態(tài)形成嚴(yán)峻的影響，甚至?xí)斐伤牧魇?，從而引起地質(zhì)構(gòu)造的微小變化。

Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,

andbotharethebetterforit.

假如排解外界的干擾，食肉動(dòng)物和被吃動(dòng)物都保持一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)量，這樣對(duì)雙方都

有好處。ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth“sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesHomo

sapiensasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

目前世界人口的急劇增長(zhǎng)率使人類可以被稱為生態(tài)惡性腫瘤。這種惡性腫瘤確定會(huì)

摧毀生態(tài)環(huán)境，正如一般的癌細(xì)胞會(huì)摧毀人的肌體一樣。

Unit4

Theflowofnoveltiesinvocabulary,inidiom,eveninpronunciation,isnow

overwhelminglyeastward.

新詞匯、新習(xí)語(yǔ)、甚至新發(fā)音都已無(wú)法抗拒的勢(shì)力源源不斷傳入東方。

WeseldomborrowanEnglishwordorphrasesanymore,thoughweusedtoborrow

many;buttheEnglishtakeinourinventionsalmostasfastaswecanlaunchthem.

從前我們經(jīng)常借用許多英語(yǔ)詞或短語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在很少這樣做。但英語(yǔ)卻吸納我們制造

的詞，我們制造有多快，其吸納的速度幾乎就有多快。

TheAmericancanmovie,Isuppose,islargelyresponsibleforthischange,butthereare

unquestionablydeepercausestoo.

我認(rèn)為，美國(guó)電影當(dāng)然對(duì)這一變化起了很大作用，但毫無(wú)疑問，還有更深刻的緣由。Englishisstillabittight,abitstiff,morethanalittleartificial.英語(yǔ)依舊有點(diǎn)太嚴(yán)格、有點(diǎn)僵硬，且過(guò)于矯揉造作。

ButAmericanhasgoneondevelopingwithalmostElizabethanprodigality.而美語(yǔ)的發(fā)

展卻像伊麗莎白時(shí)代一樣富強(qiáng)。

Alltheprocessesofword-formationthatwereinoperationinShakespearesEnglandare

stillinoperationhere,andtheyproduceasteadystreamofneologismsthatewouldhaverelishedasjoyfullyasherelishedthenoveltiesactuallyproducedinhistime.

全部那些在英國(guó)莎士比亞時(shí)代應(yīng)用的構(gòu)詞方法，現(xiàn)在依舊在美國(guó)應(yīng)用著，新詞源源

不斷地產(chǎn)生。假如沙翁健在這些新詞肯定會(huì)使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的時(shí)代產(chǎn)生的新詞曾使他欣喜若狂一樣

UNIT5

Thegoalofscienceistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings---fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

科學(xué)的目的是弄清世界的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)，尋求其間可能存在的規(guī)律，洞察事物之間的聯(lián)系----從構(gòu)成一切物質(zhì)的亞核粒子，到生物有機(jī)體，人類社會(huì)群體，以至整個(gè)宇宙。

Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranother.Almostalwaysthe

proposedanswersareinthenatureof“JustSoStories”,attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperiment,orevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations.世界上每一文化群體都以這樣或那樣的方式提出過(guò)這些問題。而所供應(yīng)的答案幾乎

都帶有“就這么回事”的性質(zhì)，這些嘗試性的解釋總是脫離試驗(yàn)，甚至沒有經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)心的比擬觀看。

Topenetrateintotheheartofthething---evenalittlething,abladeofgrass,asWalt

Whitmansaid---istoexperienceakindofexhilarationthat,itmaybe,onlyhumanbeingsofallthebeingsonthisplanetcanfeel.

要透徹的領(lǐng)悟一件事物，哪怕是很小的一件東西---比方惠特曼所說(shuō)的一片草葉，也

會(huì)經(jīng)受一種喜悅，這種喜悅，在整個(gè)世界的全部生靈中只有人類才能感受到。Andsometimeswehearpronouncementsfromscientistswhoconfidentlystatethat

everythingworthknowingwillsoonbeknow---orevenisalreadyknownandwhopaintpicturesofaDionysianageinwhichthezestforintellectualdiscoveryhaswithered,tobeplacedbyakindofsubduedlanguor,thelotus-eatersdrinkingfermentedcoconutmilkorsomeothermildhallucinogen.

有時(shí)我們聽到一些科學(xué)家發(fā)表的宣言，他們布滿信念的宣稱，每一件值得弄清的事

物都會(huì)很快為大家所知，或者說(shuō)有些已經(jīng)眾所周之。他們描繪的是狄奧尼修斯和波利尼西亞時(shí)代的圖畫，在這些畫中，人們對(duì)學(xué)問探究的熱忱已經(jīng)減退，取而代之的是一種被制服的怠惰，成了飲用發(fā)酵椰子汁和其他一些溫柔迷幻劑的安逸度日者。Ifwecouldshrinkourselvesintothiscrystallineworld,wecouldseerankuponrankof

atomsinanorderedarray,aregularlyalternatingstructure---sodium,chlorine,sodiumchlorine,specifyingthesheetofatomswearestandingonandallthesheetsaboveusandbelowus.

假如我們可以縮小身體進(jìn)入這個(gè)晶體世界，我們可以觀察一排排原子形成有序的點(diǎn)

陣，呈一種有規(guī)律的交替構(gòu)造---鈉原子、氯原子、氯化鈉原子，這些點(diǎn)陣準(zhǔn)確的勾畫出我們所站的這一層原子以及在我們頭上、頭下的全部原子層的示意圖。

下冊(cè)：UNIT1

1.Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtle

changesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對(duì)生活方式的看法要經(jīng)受四個(gè)感知方面的微妙變化：第一，在內(nèi)心中對(duì)自己和他人的看法；

1.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisour

perceptionoftimedowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?

其次，在生活的各種威逼面前所具有的安全感；第三是我們對(duì)時(shí)間的熟悉，是感到來(lái)日方長(zhǎng)，還是開頭感到時(shí)日無(wú)多？

1.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.These

arethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.

最終是對(duì)自己的精力和活力的直覺意識(shí)，是感到精力充足，還是感到力不從心？這些都是在我們內(nèi)心里產(chǎn)生的若明若暗的感覺，它們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，影響著我們實(shí)行行動(dòng)前的種種打算。

1.Thetasksofthispassagearetolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,an

anticipatedoccupation,anideologyorworldview.人生這一階段的任務(wù)是，在同齡人中，在性別角色中，在期望的職業(yè)中，以及在思想意識(shí)和世界觀方面確立自己的位置。

2.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobegin

leavinghomeemotionally.

這樣，我們既有了離家獨(dú)立的動(dòng)力，也有了離家獨(dú)立的心理預(yù)備。

1.Buoyedbypowerfulillusionsandbeliefinthepowerofthewill,wecommonlyinsistin

ourtewntiesthatwhatwehavechosentodoistheonetruecourseinlife.由于夢(mèng)想的鼓舞和支持以及對(duì)自己意志布滿信念，我們?cè)诙畮讱q時(shí)普遍認(rèn)定自己選擇的道路是人生真正的事業(yè)所在。

2.Ourbacksgoupatthemeresthintthatwearelikeourparents,thattwodecadesof

parentaltrainingmightbereflectedinourcurrentactionsandattitudes.

假如有人說(shuō)我們很想自己的父母，說(shuō)我們的言行舉止是父母二十多年來(lái)教育和熏陶的結(jié)果，我們會(huì)很不快樂Unit2

IttookseveralyearsforthevirustobreakoutofCongo“sdenseandsparselypopulatedjunglesbut,onceitdid,itmarchedwithrebelarmiesthroughthecontinent“snumerouswarzones,幾年之后此病毒從剛果荒蠻濃密的從林中爆發(fā)出來(lái)。一旦流傳開來(lái)，它就隨著反叛部隊(duì)穿越大陸的各個(gè)戰(zhàn)區(qū)；

rodewithtruckersfromonerest-stopbrotheltothenest,andeventuallyflew,perhapswithanairsteward,toAmerica,whereitwasdiscoveredintheearly1980s.

隨著貨車司機(jī)駛過(guò)各個(gè)妓院；最終，可能隨著空中乘務(wù)員飛往美國(guó)，并在那里于20世紀(jì)80年月初被發(fā)覺。

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