山西省高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷有答案解析

第頁(yè)山西省高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷(有答案解析）（滿分：150分；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）學(xué)校:___________班級(jí)：___________姓名：___________考號(hào)：___________一、閱讀理解MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742.ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat106ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formoreinformation..SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend./honie.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampusoftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuarter,CMM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithIDcardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183.http://www.ccm./events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAvenue.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:232-6220.1．WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?A．February. B．August.C．May. D．November.2．WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirIDcards?A．MusicHall. B．MemorialHall.C．PatriciaCobbettTheater. D．RiverbendMusicTheater.3．HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?A．Ithasseatsintheopenair. B．Itgivesshowsallyearround.C．Itoffersmembershipdiscounts. D．Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.TheFoodandDrugAdministration(F.D．A．)announcedanewproposalonWednesdaythatwouldchangethecriteriaforwhichpackagedfoodstheagencyconsiders“healthy”,inanattempttomodernizeitsapproachtonutritionandreducetheburdenofdiet-relateddiseases.Currently,about5percentofallpackagedfoodsarelabeled“healthy”,accordingtotheagency.Thedefinition,whichwassetin1994,allowsforfoodmanufacturerstoaddtheword“healthy”totheirproducts,aslongastheproductshavelimitedamountsoftotalfat,saturated(飽和的)fat,cholesterolandsodium(鈉)andprovideatleast10percentofthedailyvalueofoneormoreofthefollowingnutrients:vitaminA,vitaminC,calcium,iron,proteinordietaryfiber.(Seafood,gamemeatandrawfruitsandvegetableshaveslightlydifferentcriteria.)In2021,theF.D．A．updateditsguidelinestoallowforsomefoodstocontainmoretotalfatandtoincludesomethatprovideatleast10percentofthedailyvalueofvitaminD．Importantly,thereiscurrentlynolimitonaddedsugarsunderthecurrentdefinition-anomissionthattheF.D．A．believesisinconsistentwithtoday’snutritionscience.“Theoldrulewasreallyoutdated—youcouldcreateanykindofFrankensteinfoodthatmetthenutrientcriteriaandlabelitashealthy,”saidDr.DariushMozaffarian,aprofessorofnutritioninBoston.“Thisisamajoradvance.”Theproposedrule,whichtheagencyannouncedtocoincidewithWednesday’sWhiteHouseConferenceonHunger,NutritionandHealth,introducesanewlimitonaddedsugars-ingeneral,nomorethan2.5gramsperserving,althoughthiscanvarydependingonthefood.Thenewdefinitionaimstoencouragehealthyeatingbyprioritizingamixofvegetables,fruits,grains,dairy,proteinsandcertainoils,includingvegetableoils.

A“healthy”foodwouldneedtocontainaminimumamountofatleastoneofthosefoodgroupsandbeundertheproposedlimitsforsaturatedfatsandaddedsugars.Rawwholefruitsandvegetableswouldautomaticallyqualify.Manysugarycereals(谷物),highlysweetenedyogurtsandwhitebreads,whichmightcurrentlyqualifyas“healthy”undertheexistingdefinition,wouldberemovedunderthenewrule．4．Whatcanweknowabouttheoldrule?A．Itwassetin1994.B．Itcanguaranteepeople’shealth.C．Ithasstrictlimitonaddedsugar.D．Itwasconsistentwithtoday’snutritionscience.5．What’sDr.DariushMozaffarian’sattitudetothenewproposal?A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Supportive.6．Whichofthefollowingwillautomaticallyqualifyforthenewproposal?A．Seafood.B．Highlysweetenedyogurts.C．Rawwholefruitsandvegetables.D．Foodcontaininglargeamountsoftotalfat.7．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Adiary. B．Atextbook. C．Anewspaper. D．Asciencefiction.Nobelprize-winners,well-knownauthors,andfamousscientists—youmightthinkallthesepeoplewereborntobecreative.However,that’snotalwaysthecase.Whilewell-knownfigureslikePabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteindidtheirmostsignificantworkintheiryouth,famousAmericanpoetRobertFrostandEnglish-bornnaturalscientistCharlesDarwinwereknownas“l(fā)atebloomers”—peoplewhosetalentswerenotnoticeableuntillaterinlife.Thisideaof“peaking”atdifferenttimesinspirednewresearchfromtheUnitedStates.“Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusively(獨(dú)有地)associatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou’retalkingabout,”saidBruceWeinburg,aprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofChicagoandco-authorofthestudy.Accordingtothestudy,publishedearlierthismonthinthejournalDeEconomist,therearetwotypesofpeople:conceptual(概念的)andexperimentalthinkers.Toreachthisconclusion,researcherstookthe31previouswinnersoftheNobelPrizeineconomicsandarrangedthemaccordingtowhentheydidtheirmostsignificantwork,toidentifytheircreativepeaks.Somepeakedfromages25—29.Classifiedasconceptualthinkers,thesepeoplethinkoutsideofthebox,comingupwithnewideasbeforetheybecomeusedtotheconventionalwayofdoingthings.Thesecondcreativepeakcamewitheconomistsintheir50s.Theseareexperimentalthinkerswhohavebeenintheirfieldsforalongtime.Thisallowsthemtolearnfromerrorsandexperimentwithdifferentprocesses,beforeeventuallyfindingnewsolutions.“Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimentalapproach,”saidWeinburg.Headdedthattheirstudyisn’tlimitedtoeconomics,sayingitcanapplytoothercreativesubjects.Soifyou’restrugglingtocomeupwithnewideas,don’tpanic.Yourcreativepeakmaybeyettoarrive.8．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningRobertFrostinParagraph2?A．Somepeoplestandoutintheirlaterlife.B．RobertFrostisafamousnaturalscientist.C．It’sbettertobelatebloomersinliterature.D．Creativitymakesadifferencetosuccess.9．Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheconclusion:therearetwotypesofcreativepeople?A．Byreferringtosomedata.B．Bydoingsomeexperiments.C．Byinterviewingsomecreativepeople.D．Byadoptingthemeansoflogicreasoning.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutconceptualthinkers?A．Theyowetheirsuccesstolifeexperience.B．Theyadoptcommonscientificapproaches.C．Theyfollowanewpatternofthinking.D．Theylearnfromerrorsandexperiments.11．WhatdoesWeinburgprobablyagreewith?A．Creativepeaksnevercomeforsome.B．Theolder,thelesslikelytosucceed.C．Mostpeoplepreferconceptualthinking.D．Greatcreativitycanarriveatdifferentstages.InNovember,2008,votersinCaliforniaapprovedoneofthemostambitiousgovernmentinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)projectsin.U.S.history;abullettrainconnectingSanFranciscoandLosAngeles,atacostof$33billion.Foryears,howeverpeoplehavewatchedtheprojectedcostsmount,withthelastestimatesover$75billion.OnTuesday,thegovernorofthestateGavinNewsomcalledforthestatetoscalebacktheprojecttoalesscostlyrailthatwouldrunthroughtheCentralvalley.Californiavoterscanstopseizingtheirwallets.Butvoterselsewhereshouldpaycloseattention,becausewhathappenedinCaliforniaproblemthatfaceanyU.S.railproject,oranyinfrastructureprojectthattriestomeaningfullyreshapeU.S.Inotherplacesoftheworld,majorpopulationcentersaremuchclosertoeachother,whichisabasicrequirementfarhigh-speedrail.ImaginewhatitwouldtaketobuildalinefromNewYorkCitytoLosAngelesortoChicago,HoustonorPhoenix.Ofcourse,somecitieslookripeforrail,butinsteadofhigh-speedrailbetweenthesecities,wehavetheAcela,whichtakeseighthourstotravelfromWashingtontoBostonandshakeslikeamaracaplayer.Whyhaven’twebuiltsomethingbetter?Becausetrulyhigh-speedrailneedstotravelinafairlystraightline;youdon’twanttobetakingasharpcurveat300milesperhour.Buildingnewer,better,straighterraillineswouldrequirethegovernmenttobuyallthelandbetweenPointAandPointBandteardownanythingthathappenedtobeintheway.Butinfact,thereareagreatdealofhighlyvaluableestatesinsteadoffarms.Forhistoricalreasons,theU.S.legalsystemofferscitizensrightswithwhichtheycanattempttoblockgovernmentprojects.Anyprojectbiggerthanpaintingaschoolhousehastoeitherfightouttheconstantreviewsandcourtcasesforyears,orbuyofftheopponents.12．WhathappenedonTuesdayinCalifornia?A．Voterswereraisingfundsforanewrailway.B．Itwaspurposedthatthehillofhighrailwaywasadjusted.C．Thegovernoroftheslatedeclaredtheopeningofanewrailway.D．Thegovernorofthestatediscoveredavitalproblemintherailwayproject.13．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3and4?A．Itisreasonabletobuildahigh-speedrailwayfromNewYorktoChicago.B．Acelaisakindoftraininplaceofhigh-speedtrainwhichprovidespleasantfeelings.C．High-Speedtrainfrequentlytakesasharpcurveduringthetravel.D．Theestateslocatedonthestraightraillineareveryexpensivetopurchase.14．WhatisthecurrentsituationofAmericanlegalsystem?A．ItmeetstherequirementsofAmericancitizens.B．ItallowsAmericanresidentstoblockmostgovernmentprojects.C．Itisnotefficientindealingwithpracticalproblems.D．Itrequiresmuchexpensetoaccomplishsomething.15．Whatcanbesuitabletitleforthetext?A．AbsenceofAmericanHigh-SpeedRail B．AnAmericanStatewithNewRailwayC．ANewPolicyonAmericanRailway D．TheHistoryofAmericanRailway二、七選五Anapologytellssomeonethatwearesorryforthehurtwecausedevenifwedidn’tdoitonpurpose.16Apologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuildgoodfriendshipsandrelationships.Whenyousay“Iamsorry”andreallymeanit,it’sbecauseyouprobablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou’resorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittlebetter.17Whenyouapologizeinacaringway,youcanfeelgoodbecauseyouaretryingtomakethingsrightagain.Doesapologizingfixeverything?Sometimesasincere“Iamsorry”fixeseverythingrightaway.Othertimes,itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast(通過(guò))feelingupset.Youmayneedtogivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heorshemightstillfeelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.18Whatifyouhavebeenhurt?19.However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobefriends.20,anythingmoreisuptoyou!A．Howshouldweapologize?B．Whyshouldweapologize?C．Althoughit’spolitetoacceptanapology,D．Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too.E．Whenheorshedoessomethingwrong,F．Whensomeoneapologizestoyou,youmaywelcomeit.G．Butatleastyoucanfeelgoodaboutapologizingorfixingthemistake.三、完形填空MybrotherJoehadapassionfordrivingcars.Hewas21fondofspeed.Itwasenoughtomakemymotherfearthathewas22.WhenJoewasjustalittleboy,hewouldoftensaytome,“Sister,whenIamoldenoughtogetmy23anddrivemyowncar,Iwillflyso24thatangelswillrunseared.”Withabigsmile,hewould25thescene.Icouldhavetoldhimitwouldneverhappen.Joehadtroublenotjustwithhiseyes,butwithhis26.Hesufferedfromdisabilitieswhenhewasbornandcouldnotwalkuntilhewas5.Buthecould27likeanyone.BythetimeJoewas12,Ithinkheknewhewouldnevergetalicense.Aswiththeotherhardfactsoflife,heseemedto28itwithoutquestionorbitterness,29itwerenothingmorethanacard30atrandom(隨機(jī)).Onehotsummerdaywhenhewasl6,Joewenttapping(敲打)outthedrivewaywithhis31,findinghiswaytomyfather’sFord.Heranhishandalongthecar,felttheheatofthemetal,openedthedoorandclimbedin.Hefelt32thecar,foundthekeys,33,“Hooweeee!”andfireditup.Fortunately,foreveryone,theForddidn’tmovea(n)34.Buttothisday,Joestillswears(發(fā)誓地說(shuō))thatwhenhefoundthosekeysand35thatoldengineup,heheardtheangelsstartingtoflee.21．A．hardly B．natural C．especially D．nearly22．A．calm B．crazy C．proud D．brave23．A．money B．car C．visa D．license24．A．fast B．high C．far D．slow25．A．control B．imagine C．recall D．remember26．A．a(chǎn)rms B．feet C．legs D．hands27．A．dream B．guess C．write D．draw28．A．obtain B．refuse C．a(chǎn)bandon D．a(chǎn)ccept29．A．evenif B．a(chǎn)sif C．sothat D．incase30．A．selected B．threw C．dropped D．borrowed31．A．bat B．stick C．handle D．board32．A．outside B．beside C．behind D．inside33．A．whispered B．cried C．shouted D．sighed34．A．inch B．kilometer C．minute D．hour35．A．cleared B．put C．fired D．broke四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或者括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，TheMinistryofEducationrecentlyreleasedanewcurriculum(課程)standardforlaboreducationincompulsoryeducation.Primaryschoolstudentsinfirstandsecond36(grade)needtodobasiccleaningwashvegetablesandpeelfruit,andlearntoraiseoneortwokindsofplantsorsmallanimals.Thirdandfourthgradersshouldcleantheirclassrooms,washtheirunderwear,socksandshoes,know37tomakecolddishesandusehomeappliances.Fifthandsixthgradersshouldmaster38skillsofcookingtwoorthreecommondishes,suchasfriedeggs,orscrambledeggswithtomato.Formiddleschoolstudents,they39(encourage)tocookthreeorfourdishes40(independent),learnhowtomakeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts41experienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabor,newtechnologies,modemserviceorvolunteerwork.Thenewcurriculumcallsforthe42(participate)offamiliesinstudents’laboreducation.Schoolsshouldusevariousmeans43(help)parentsrealizetheimportanceoflaboreducationandhelpparentsmakehouseholdliststoimprovestudents’independence.Thecurriculumhasbeendiscussedonsocialmedia.Netizenswelcomedtheinclusionofsuchcoursesandsaid44isnecessarytoteachyoungstudentsbasicskills.Somehaveregrettednot45(learn)suchskillsduringtheirschooldays.五、短文改錯(cuò)46．假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均只限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Howmanyhoursdoyousleepaday?GuAiling,whoanswerwas10hours,saidthatsheslept14houronenight,from8pmto10amthenextday.Shejokingsaid,“Itwasthingworth‘showingoff’.”Goodsleepisseentoashersecretweapontosuccess.Sinceayoungage,bothsheandhismotherhavebeenpayingattentiontohersleep.Guonlyskiedonweekendsfromtheageof8to14toensureshehasenoughsleep.Calledhermotherthe“sleeppolice”,shewouldalwaysbepushedtosleepmore.Gu’ssuccessshowstheimportantofenoughsleepforyoungpeople.Makesuretogetsufficientlysleepeveryday.六、邀請(qǐng)信47．假定你是李華，你校將于今年國(guó)慶節(jié)之際舉辦中華文化展。請(qǐng)你寫信邀請(qǐng)你的好友Robert參加。須包含以下要點(diǎn)：1.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；2.展出內(nèi)容及意義。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考答案1．C2．C3．A【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章對(duì)五個(gè)網(wǎng)站上的歌劇及管弦樂(lè)等樂(lè)曲作品的演出時(shí)間，內(nèi)容及購(gòu)票等細(xì)節(jié)做了介紹。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則信息ChamberOrchestra中“TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat106ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.(管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)在榆樹街106號(hào)紀(jì)念館演奏，從三月到六月有幾場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì))”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有五月在此時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)。因此，你可以在五月去看一場(chǎng)ChamberOrchestra室內(nèi)管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)的音樂(lè)會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四則信息CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM)中的首句“Performancesareonthemaincampus

oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.(演出在大學(xué)的主校區(qū)，通常在帕特麗夏·科貝特劇院)”以及下文中的StudentswithID.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.“(持身份證的學(xué)生可以免費(fèi)參加活動(dòng))”可知，學(xué)生可以憑身份證去PatriciaCobbettTheater免費(fèi)看演出。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五則信息RiverbendMusicTheater中“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).大型室外劇院，提供最接近的座位（價(jià)格差異）”和對(duì)比其他信息可知，只有RiverbendMusicTheater是室外劇院，有提供露天座位。因此，RiverbendMusicTheater和其他地方不同的是它有露天座位。故選A項(xiàng)。4．A5．D6．C7．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局（簡(jiǎn)稱FDA）周三公布了一項(xiàng)新提案，將改變?cè)摍C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)定包裝食品“健康”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，旨在令該機(jī)構(gòu)處理營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息的方式現(xiàn)代化，并減少與飲食有關(guān)的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedefinition,whichwassetin1994,allowsforfoodmanufacturerstoaddtheword“healthy”totheirproducts,aslongastheproductshavelimitedamountsoftotalfat,saturated(飽和的)fat,cholesterolandsodium(鈉)andprovideatleast10percentofthedailyvalueofoneormoreofthefollowingnutrients:vitaminA,vitaminC,calcium,iron,proteinordietaryfiber.(該定義是1994年制定的，允許食品制造商在其產(chǎn)品上添加“健康”一詞，只要產(chǎn)品的總脂肪、飽和脂肪、膽固醇和鈉含量有限，并提供以下一種或多種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的每日價(jià)值的至少10%:維生素A、維生素C、鈣、鐵、蛋白質(zhì)或膳食纖維。)”可知，舊規(guī)則是1994年設(shè)定的。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thisisamajoradvance.(這是一個(gè)重大進(jìn)步。)”可推斷，Dr.DariushMozaffarian對(duì)于新提案的態(tài)度是支持的。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Rawwholefruitsandvegetableswouldautomaticallyqualify.(生的完整的水果和蔬菜將自動(dòng)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”可知，生的水果和蔬菜自動(dòng)符合新提案的要求。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheFoodandDrugAdministration(F.D.A.)announcedanewproposalonWednesdaythatwouldchangethecriteriaforwhichpackagedfoodstheagencyconsiders“healthy”,inanattempttomodernizeitsapproachtonutritionandreducetheburdenofdiet-relateddiseases.(美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局周三宣布了一項(xiàng)新提案，該提案將改變?cè)摍C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為“健康”的包裝食品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以試圖使其營(yíng)養(yǎng)方法現(xiàn)代化，并減少與飲食相關(guān)的疾病的負(fù)擔(dān)。)”中的“onWednesday”的提示可知，文章最可能出自報(bào)紙，因?yàn)閳?bào)紙的時(shí)效性特別強(qiáng)。故選C。8．A9．A10．C11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明，在創(chuàng)造力的劃分上存在兩種類型的人，一類是概念思考者，他們有新的思維方式，往往在年輕的時(shí)候脫穎而出，一類是實(shí)驗(yàn)思考者，他們?cè)诮?jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)，往往大器晚成。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Nobelprize-winners,well-knownauthors,andfamousscientists—youmightthinkallthesepeoplewereborntobecreative.However,that’snotalwaysthecase.(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主、知名作家和著名科學(xué)家——你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為所有這些人都天生具有創(chuàng)造力。然而，情況并非總是如此)”和第二段中“famousAmericanpoetRobertFrostandEnglish-bornnaturalscientistCharlesDarwinwereknownas“l(fā)atebloomers”—peoplewhosetalentswerenotnoticeableuntillaterinlife(著名的美國(guó)詩(shī)人羅伯特·弗羅斯特和英國(guó)出生的自然科學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文被稱為“大器晚成者”——他們的才能直到晚年才被人注意到)”可知，羅伯特·弗羅斯特屬于在晚年才展露才華的人，作者提到他是為了佐證第一段中的內(nèi)容，這些名人并不都是天生具有創(chuàng)造力，有些人在晚年才脫穎而出。故選A項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Toreachthisconclusion,researcherstookthe31previouswinnersoftheNobelPrizeineconomicsandarrangedthemaccordingtowhentheydidtheirmostsignificantwork,toidentifytheircreativepeaks.(為了得出這一結(jié)論，研究人員選取了31位諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主，并根據(jù)他們完成最重要工作的時(shí)間對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了排序，以確定他們的創(chuàng)造力高峰)”可知，研究者們參考了31位諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主最重要工作完成的時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行分析后得出了結(jié)論。故選A項(xiàng)。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Classifiedasconceptualthinkers,thesepeoplethinkoutsideofthebox,comingupwithnewideasbeforetheybecomeusedtotheconventionalwayofdoingthings.(這些人被歸類為概念思考者，他們跳出固有的思維模式，在習(xí)慣傳統(tǒng)的做事方式之前提出新的想法)”可知，概念思考者并不遵循傳統(tǒng)的方式，而是擁有新的思維方式。故選C項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Soifyou’restrugglingtocomeupwithnewideas,don’tpanic.Yourcreativepeakmaybeyettoarrive.(所以，如果你正在努力想出新的想法，不要驚慌。你的創(chuàng)造力高峰可能還沒(méi)有到來(lái))”可知，Weinburg鼓勵(lì)尚未展露創(chuàng)造力高峰的人不必驚慌，因?yàn)楦叻宓牡絹?lái)或早或晚，因人而異。由此推知，他會(huì)同意“偉大的創(chuàng)造力可以出現(xiàn)在不同的階段”的觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。12．B13．D14．C15．A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)為什么沒(méi)有高鐵的原因，指出阻擾美國(guó)建造高鐵的四大原因是：城市間的距離、地價(jià)、法律程序主義及成本。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的OnTuesday,thegovernorofthestateGavinNewsomcalledforthestatetoscalebacktheprojecttoalesscostlyrailthatwouldrunthroughtheCentralvalley.(周二民主黨州長(zhǎng)加文·紐瑟姆2月12日在首次發(fā)表州情咨文時(shí)呼吁本州把該項(xiàng)目縮減為一段成本較低、穿越中央谷地的鐵路。)可知，計(jì)劃調(diào)整高速公路上的山丘，故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的Butinfact,thereareagreatdealofhighlyvaluableestatesinsteadoffarms（但事實(shí)上，有很多非常有價(jià)值的莊園而不是農(nóng)場(chǎng)。）可推斷，位于直線鐵路線上的莊園很貴。故選D。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句Anyprojectbiggerthanpaintingaschoolhousehastoeitherfightouttheconstantreviewsandcourtcasesforyears,orbuyofftheopponents.（任何比粉刷校舍更大的項(xiàng)目都必須克服多年來(lái)不斷的審查和法院案件，或者收買對(duì)手）可推斷，它在處理實(shí)際問(wèn)題方面沒(méi)有效率。故選C。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是第一段內(nèi)容可知，以加州正在籌建的舊金山——洛杉磯高鐵為例，解釋阻擾美國(guó)建設(shè)高鐵的四大原因。解釋了美國(guó)為什么沒(méi)有高鐵，因此推斷A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)沒(méi)有高鐵”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。16．B17．D18．G19．F20．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了道歉能夠讓我們傷害到的人感受到我們的歉意。文章從三個(gè)問(wèn)題著手，介紹與道歉相關(guān)的三方面的內(nèi)容，即我們?yōu)槭裁吹狼?？道歉是否能解決一切？以及要是我們被傷害了呢？文章告訴了我們道歉的必要性，重要作用以及自己受傷害應(yīng)該怎么應(yīng)對(duì)。16．根據(jù)后文“Apologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuildgoodfriendshipsandrelationships.Whenyousay“Iamsorry”andreallymeanit,it’sbecauseyouprobablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou’resorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalitebetter.(道歉是我們用來(lái)建立良好友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。當(dāng)你真心實(shí)意地說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”的時(shí)候，那可能是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)自己的所作所為傷害了他人而感到難過(guò)。說(shuō)對(duì)不起不僅僅是口頭上的。也說(shuō)明你尊重對(duì)方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會(huì)感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。)”可知，這段講述的是道歉的好處，它不僅是我們建立好的友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。它也會(huì)讓我們傷到的人感受到我們尊重他們的感受。因此，此處是在回答為什么道歉這個(gè)問(wèn)題。由此處考查小標(biāo)題可知，B選項(xiàng)“Whyshouldweapologize?(我們?yōu)槭裁匆狼福?”符合語(yǔ)意。故選B項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)前文“Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittlebetter.(也說(shuō)明你尊重對(duì)方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會(huì)感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。)”可知，道歉之后你會(huì)感覺(jué)好多了，而被傷害的人，知道你對(duì)他或她的感受很在意，他們也會(huì)感到好很多。D項(xiàng)“Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too.(另一個(gè)人可能也會(huì)感覺(jué)好些)”符合題意，選項(xiàng)中的theother呼應(yīng)上文的theotherperson。故選D項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)前文“Sometimesasincere“Iamsorry”fixeseverythingrightaway.Othertimes,itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast(通過(guò))feelingupset.Youmayneedtogivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heorshemightstillfeelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.(有時(shí)候一句真誠(chéng)的“對(duì)不起”可以立刻解決一切。其他時(shí)候，一個(gè)人可能需要一段時(shí)間才能擺脫不安。你可能需要給對(duì)方一些時(shí)間。即使你說(shuō)了對(duì)不起，他或她可能仍然對(duì)你所說(shuō)的或所做的感到難過(guò)。)”可知，其他時(shí)候，道歉并不能一下子讓你傷害的人感覺(jué)很好，他們也需要時(shí)間去消化。但是不管怎么說(shuō)，你至少會(huì)因?yàn)樵诮鉀Q所犯的錯(cuò)而感覺(jué)良好。選項(xiàng)G“但至少你可以對(duì)道歉或糾正錯(cuò)誤感到高興”符合題意，其中“fixingthemistake”對(duì)應(yīng)前文的“fixingeverything”，并且從語(yǔ)意上G選項(xiàng)跟前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選G項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Whatifyouhavebeenhurt?(如果你被傷害了怎么辦？)”以及后文“However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobefriends.(然而，如果一個(gè)人不停地傷害你，不停地道歉，卻不努力改變，你可能就不想和他交朋友了。只是因?yàn)橛腥说狼?，但這并不意味著你們必須成為朋友。)”可知，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該既要回答小標(biāo)題的問(wèn)題，也要與后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。由選項(xiàng)F“Whensomeoneapologizestoyou,youmaywelcomeit.(當(dāng)某人跟你道歉時(shí)，你可能會(huì)接受。)”可知，你被傷害了，某人跟你道歉，你可能會(huì)接受。是對(duì)小標(biāo)題的回答，也與下文承接自然。故選F項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)前文“However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobefriends.(然而，如果一個(gè)人不停地傷害你，不停地道歉，卻不努力改變，你可能就不想和他交朋友了。只是因?yàn)橛腥说狼?，但這并不意味著你們必須成為朋友。)”以及后文“anythingmoreisuptoyou!(其他事就看你的了！)”可知，如果一個(gè)人一直傷害你，一直道歉就是不改變，緊緊因?yàn)槟橙说狼噶?，并不意味著你要和他或她成為朋友。因此，選項(xiàng)C“Althoughit’spolitetoacceptanapology,(雖然接受道歉是禮貌的)”符合語(yǔ)意。故選C項(xiàng)。21．C22．B23．D24．A25．B26．C27．A28．D29．B30．A31．B32．D33．C34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了弟弟Joe酷愛(ài)駕駛汽車，但是Joe不僅眼睛有毛病，腿也有毛病。在16歲那年，Joe找到父親的車，企圖發(fā)動(dòng)汽車，但是失敗了。但他堅(jiān)稱當(dāng)他找到那些鑰匙并啟動(dòng)那臺(tái)舊發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，他聽到天使們開始逃跑。21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他特別喜歡速度。A.hardly幾乎不；B.natural自然的；C.especially特別；D.nearly幾乎。根據(jù)后文“fondofspeed”指Joe特別喜歡速度，especially符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這足以讓我母親擔(dān)心他瘋了。A.calm平靜的；B.crazy瘋狂的；C.proud自豪的；D.brave勇敢的。上文提到Joe特別喜歡速度，所以母親擔(dān)心弟弟太過(guò)瘋狂了。故選B。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：姐姐，等我長(zhǎng)大了，能拿到駕照，能開自己的車了，我要飛得快得連天使都不怕。A.money金錢；B.car汽車；C.visa簽證；D.license許可證。根據(jù)后文“anddrivemyowncar”指拿到駕照才能開車。故選D。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：姐姐，等我長(zhǎng)大了，能拿到駕照，能開自己的車了，我要飛得快得連天使都不怕。A.fast快地；B.high高地；C.far遠(yuǎn)地；D.slow慢的。上文“fondofspeed”提到弟弟喜歡開快車，所以這里指飛得很快，故選A。25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著燦爛的微笑，他想象著那個(gè)場(chǎng)景。A.control控制；B.imagine想象；C.recall回想起；D.remember記得。結(jié)合上文“WhenJoewasjustalittleboy”可知，Joe當(dāng)時(shí)還是小孩子，所以是想象的場(chǎng)景。故選B。26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Joe不僅眼睛有毛病，腿也有毛病。A.arms胳膊；B.feet腳；C.legs腿；D.hands手。根據(jù)后文“Hesufferedfromdisabilitieswhenhewasbornandcouldnotwalkuntilhewas5.(他出生時(shí)患有殘疾，直到5歲才會(huì)走路)”可知，腿也有毛病。故選C。27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他能像任何人一樣有夢(mèng)想。A.dream夢(mèng)想；B.guess猜測(cè)；C.write寫；D.draw繪畫。But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明Joe像別人一樣有自己的夢(mèng)想。故選A。28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就像對(duì)待生活中的其他殘酷事實(shí)一樣，他似乎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)、毫無(wú)痛苦地接受了，仿佛這只不過(guò)是一張隨機(jī)挑選的卡片。A.obtain獲得；B.refuse拒絕；C.abandon拋棄；D.accept接受。根據(jù)后文“itwithoutquestionorbitterness”可知，弟弟接受了自己無(wú)法開車的事實(shí)。故選D。29．考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：就像對(duì)待生活中的其他殘酷事實(shí)一樣，他似乎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)、毫無(wú)痛苦地接受了，仿佛這只不過(guò)是一張隨機(jī)挑選的卡片。A.evenif即使；B.asif好像；C.sothat以便；D.incase萬(wàn)一。根據(jù)后文“itwerenothingmorethanacard”可知，這里指弟弟接受殘酷事實(shí)就好像這只不過(guò)是一張隨機(jī)挑選的卡片，asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故選B。30．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就像對(duì)待生活中的其他殘酷事實(shí)一樣，他似乎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)、毫無(wú)痛苦地接受了，仿佛這只不過(guò)是一張隨機(jī)挑選的卡片。A.selected選舉，挑選；B.threw扔；C.dropped落下；D.borrowed借來(lái)。根據(jù)上文“itwerenothingmorethanacard”以及后文“atrandom”指隨機(jī)挑選的卡片，故選A。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：16歲那年，一個(gè)炎熱的夏日，Joe用手杖敲打著車道，找到了我父親的福特車。A.bat球拍；B.stick棍子；C.handle把手；D.board木板。根據(jù)后文“findinghiswaytomyfather’sFord”以及上文“Joehadtroublenotjustwithhiseyes”提到Joe眼睛有問(wèn)題，要用手杖走路。故選B。32．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他把手伸進(jìn)車?yán)铮业搅髓€匙，喊道：“Hooweeee！”然后把它點(diǎn)燃了。A.outside在外面；B.beside在旁邊；C.behind在后面；D.inside在里面。根據(jù)后文“thecar,foundthekeys”指把手伸進(jìn)車?yán)?，找到了鑰匙，故選D。33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他把手伸進(jìn)車?yán)?，找到了鑰匙，喊道：“Hooweeee！”然后把它點(diǎn)燃了。A.whispered低語(yǔ)；B.cried哭泣；C.shouted叫喊；D.sighed嘆息。根據(jù)后文“Hooweeee!”可知，Joe在叫喊。故選C。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，福特車沒(méi)有移動(dòng)一英寸。A.inch英寸；B.kilometer千米；C.minute分鐘；D.hour小時(shí)。根據(jù)上文“Fortunately,foreveryone,theForddidn’tmove”可知，Joe沒(méi)能發(fā)動(dòng)汽車，即福特車沒(méi)有移動(dòng)一英寸。故選A。35．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但直到今天，Joe仍然發(fā)誓說(shuō)，當(dāng)他找到那些鑰匙并啟動(dòng)那臺(tái)舊發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，他聽到天使們開始逃跑。A.cleared清除；B.put放置；C.fired點(diǎn)燃；D.broke打破。呼應(yīng)上文“andfireditup”指發(fā)動(dòng)引擎。故選C。36．grades37．how38．the39．a(chǎn)reencouraged40．independently41．a(chǎn)nd42．participation43．tohelp44．it45．learning【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹教育部發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)義務(wù)教育勞動(dòng)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。36．考查名詞。句意：小學(xué)一二年級(jí)學(xué)生需要從事基本的清潔衛(wèi)生勞動(dòng)、洗菜和水果削皮，并學(xué)習(xí)種植一兩種植物或喂養(yǎng)小動(dòng)物。由“firstandsecond”可知此處是一、二兩個(gè)年級(jí)，所以grade需用復(fù)數(shù)形式grades。故填grades。37．考查副詞。句意：三四年級(jí)的學(xué)生要打掃教室、洗自己的內(nèi)衣襪子和鞋、懂得如何做涼菜和使用家電用品。“how+不定式”，意為“如何做”。結(jié)合句意，此處是指學(xué)生要懂得如何做涼菜等，所以應(yīng)用副詞how，與后面的不定式“tomakeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts”充當(dāng)know的賓語(yǔ)。故填how。38．考查冠詞。句意：五六年級(jí)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握兩到三種常見(jiàn)菜的做法，例如煎雞蛋或西紅柿炒雞蛋。結(jié)合句意，此處的“skills”特指“cookingtwoorthreecommondishes”，所以需用定冠詞the加以限定。故填the。39．考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：對(duì)于中學(xué)生，則是鼓勵(lì)他們獨(dú)立烹制三到四種菜、學(xué)習(xí)一到兩種傳統(tǒng)工藝制作，并且體驗(yàn)一到兩種工業(yè)勞動(dòng)、新技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)或志愿勞動(dòng)。主語(yǔ)they與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞encourage之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處encourage需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因?yàn)閠hey是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填areencouraged。40．考查副詞。句意：對(duì)于中學(xué)生，則是鼓勵(lì)他們獨(dú)立烹制三到四種菜、學(xué)習(xí)一到兩種傳統(tǒng)工藝制作，并且體驗(yàn)一到兩種工業(yè)勞動(dòng)、新技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)或志愿勞動(dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填副詞independently，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞cook。故填independently。41．考查連詞。句意：對(duì)于中學(xué)生，則是鼓勵(lì)他們獨(dú)立烹制三到四種菜、學(xué)習(xí)一到兩種傳統(tǒng)工藝制作，并且體驗(yàn)一到兩種工業(yè)勞動(dòng)、新技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)或志愿勞動(dòng)。結(jié)合句意，“makeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts”和“experienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabo