敦煌莫高窟(英文課件介紹)

Doyouknowthosephotos？？？Whereisit？Followmeplease!!!Doyouknowthosephotos？？？Whe1

版權(quán)所有僅供參考------------孤夜寒飛

MogaoCaves莫高窟版權(quán)所有僅供參考MogaoC225km敦煌市東南部25公里處，鳴沙山上25km敦煌市東南部25公里處，鳴沙山上3MogaoCaves（莫高窟）The

MogaoCaves

or

MogaoGrottoes

(

莫高窟),alsoknownasthe

CavesoftheThousand

Buddhas

(千佛洞),formasystemof492temples25

kmsoutheastofthecenterof

Dunhuang,anoasis（綠洲）

strategically（戰(zhàn)略上）locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroadsonthe

SilkRoad（絲綢之路）,in

Gansu

province,

China.Thecavesmayalsobeknownasthe

DunhuangCaves,however,thistermalsoincludeotherBuddhistcavesitesintheDunhuangarea,suchastheWesternThousandBuddhaCaves,andtheYulinCaves

fartheraway.Thecavescontainsomeofthefinestexamplesof

Buddhistart（佛教藝術(shù)）

spanningaperiodof1,000years.

MogaoCaves（莫高窟）The

MogaoCave4敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中國甘肅敦煌一帶的石窟總稱。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、東千佛洞及肅北蒙古族自治縣五個廟石窟等敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中國甘肅敦煌一帶的石窟總稱。包括敦煌莫高窟、5Thefirstcavesweredugout366ADasplacesofBuddhistmeditationandworship.TheMogaoCavesarethebestknownofthe

ChineseBuddhistgrottoesand,alongwith

LongmenGrottoes（龍門石窟）

and

YungangGrottoes（云岡石窟）,areoneofthethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt課件介紹)6中國三大石窟

LongmenGrottoesYungangGrottoes

MogaoGrottoes中國三大石窟

LongmenGrottoesYungang7敦煌莫高窟敦煌莫高窟8History

Dunhuangwasestablishedasafrontier（邊界）garrison(要塞）outpostbytheHanDynasty

EmperorWudi

toprotectagainstthe

Xiongnu

in111BC.ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest,acentreofcommerce（商業(yè)）alongthe

SilkRoad（絲綢之路）,aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchas

Buddhism（佛教）

History

9TheconstructionoftheMogaoCavesnearDunhuangisgenerallytakentohavebegunsometimeinthefourthcenturyAD.AccordingtoabookwrittenduringthereignofTang

EmpressWu,

FokanJi

(佛龕記)byLiJunxiu(李君修),aBuddhist（佛教的）monk（和尚）namedLèZūn(樂尊)hadavisionofathousand

Buddhas

(佛陀）bathedingoldenlightatthesitein366AD,inspiringhimtobuildacavehere.敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt課件介紹)10Thestoryisalsofoundinothersources,suchasininscriptions（碑文）ona

stele（石碑）

incave332,anearlierdateof353ADhoweverwasgiveninanotherdocument.HewaslaterjoinedbyasecondmonkFaliang(法良),andthesitegraduallygrew,bythetimeofthe

NorthernLiang（北涼）

asmallcommunityofmonkshadformedatthesite.Membersoftherulingfamilyof

NorthernWei

and

NorthernZhou

constructedmanycaveshere,anditflourished（興盛）intheshort-lived

SuiDynasty.Bythe

TangDynasty,thenumberofcaveshadreachedoverathousand.Thestoryisalsofoundinoth11DuringtheTangDynasty,Dunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerce（主要的商業(yè)中心）oftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera（年代）,includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddha/[‘bud?]/（佛像）atthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedict(法令，布告）ayearearlierbyTangEmpress

WuZetian（武則天）

tobuildgiant（巨大的）statuesacrossthecountry.ThesiteescapedthepersecutionofBuddhistsorderedby

EmperorWuzong

in845asitwasthenunderTibetancontrol.Asafrontiertown,Dunhuanghadbeenoccupiedatvarioustimesbyothernon-HanChinesepeople..DuringtheTangDynasty,Dunhu12AftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline(衰落）,andconstructionofnewcavesceased（中斷）entirelyafterthe

YuanDynasty.Islam（伊斯蘭教）hadconquered（戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克）muchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclined（衰退）inimportancewhentradingvia（通過）sea-routesbegantodominate/[‘d?mineit]/（控制）ChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldAftertheTangDynasty,thesi13DuringtheMingDynasty,theSilkRoadwasfinallyofficiallyabandoned,andDunhuangslowlybecamedepopulated（人口減少）andlargelyforgottenbytheoutsideworld.MostoftheMogaocaveswereabandoned,thesitehoweverwasstillaplaceofpilgrimage（/[‘pilɡrimid?]/朝圣之地）andusedasaplaceofworship（朝拜）bylocalpeopleatthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturywhentherewasrenewedinterestinthesite.DuringtheMingDynasty,theS14Caves

Thecaveswerecutintothesideofacliff（懸崖；絕壁）whichisclosetotwokilometerslong.AtitsheightduringtheTangDynasty,thereweremorethanathousandscaves,butovertime,manyofthecaveswerelost,includingtheearliestcaves

735cavescurrentlyexistinMogao,thebest-knownonesarethe487caveslocatedinthesouthernsectionofthecliffwhichareplacesofpilgrimage（朝拜）andworshipCaves

Thecave15

248caveshavealsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters（住處）,meditationchambers（冥想室）andburialsites（土葬）forthemonks.Thecavesatthesouthernsectionaredecorated,whilethoseatthenorthernsectionaremostlyplain（樸素）.

248caveshavealsobeenfoun16Thecavesareclustered（聚合）togetheraccordingtotheirera,withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliffThecavesareclustered（聚合）to17

Murals（壁畫；壁飾

）Themuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thtothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme,somehoweverareoftraditionalmythical[‘miθik?l]themes（傳統(tǒng)神話主題）andportraits（畫像）ofpatrons（贊助人）Murals（壁畫；壁飾）Themur18EarlymuralsshowedastrongIndianandCentralAsianinfluenceinthepaintingtechniquesused

EarlymuralsshowedastrongI19AdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不同的的敦煌風(fēng)格）howeverbegantoemerge（浮現(xiàn)）duringNorthernWeiDynastyAdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不20themuralsoftheMogaoCavesthemuralsoftheMogaoCaves21XuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha

敦煌壁畫中的唐僧禮佛圖Xuanzangperformingceremonies22Cave409,WesternXia

Cave409,WesternXia23WorshippingBodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty.

Dancer,cave220,earlyTangDynasty.

WorshippingBodhisattva,24WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYanlu

Cave61,FiveDynasties.WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYan25LateTangThemuralcommemorating（紀(jì)念）victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetans

Cave156LateTangThemuralcommemorat26Banditattacks強(qiáng)盜襲擊Banditattacks27Bodhisattvas菩薩[b?udi's?tv?]Worshipping（朝拜)Bodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty.Bodhisattvas菩薩Worshipping（朝28Thetravelof

ZhangQian

totheWestThetravelof

ZhangQian

toth29Sakyamuni釋迦牟尼['sɑ:kj?muni]Sakyamuni釋迦牟尼['sɑ:kj?muni]30最大的壁畫—《五臺山圖》宋代長13.45米高3.42米最大的壁畫—《五臺山圖》宋代長13.45米高31飛天壁畫飛天壁畫32Sculptures（雕塑；雕像）Therearearound2,400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao.Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe（框架）,paddedwithreed,thenmodelled（模型）inclaystucco（粘土）,andfinishedwithpaintTheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian（中亞）prototypes（原型）

withsomein

Greco-Indian

（印度希臘王國）styleof

Gandhara（古印度）.OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreChineseelements（中國元素）andbecamegraduallysinicized（中國化）Sculptures（雕塑；雕像）Therearea33敦煌莫高窟佛像（讓我們來看看佛像演變）敦煌莫高窟佛像34盛唐的彩塑菩薩天王盛唐的彩塑菩薩天王35菩薩第45窟龕北側(cè)盛唐迦葉第427窟中心柱南龕隋代菩薩第45窟龕北側(cè)盛唐迦葉第427窟中心柱南龕36力士第194窟龕南側(cè)盛唐歡喜金剛力士第194窟龕南側(cè)盛唐歡喜金剛37阿難第45窟龕南側(cè)盛唐427窟佛·菩薩隋阿難第45窟龕南側(cè)盛唐427窟佛·菩薩隋38432窟菩薩.西魏420窟菩薩.隋432窟菩薩.西魏420窟菩薩.隋39419窟菩薩·阿難隋384窟供養(yǎng)菩薩盛唐419窟菩薩·阿難隋384窟供養(yǎng)菩薩盛唐40328窟阿難初唐322窟天王初唐55窟力士宋328窟阿難初唐322窟天王初唐55窟力士4145窟菩薩·阿難盛唐432窟中心柱佛龕西魏45窟菩薩·阿難432窟中心柱佛龕西魏42彩塑一鋪第45窟盛唐45窟迦葉盛唐彩塑一鋪第45窟盛唐45窟迦葉盛唐4396號窟，俗稱九層樓莫高窟第一大佛像