QGDW 617-2011 光伏電站接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

1光伏電站接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)定2011-05-06發(fā)布2011-05-06實施國家電網(wǎng)公司發(fā)布前言 Ⅱ 12規(guī)范性引用文件 13術(shù)語和定義 14一般原則 25電能質(zhì)量 36功率控制和電壓調(diào)節(jié) 3 58安全與保護 69通用技術(shù)條件 7 711通信與信號 712系統(tǒng)測試 8編制說明 9Ⅱ本標準根據(jù)國家電網(wǎng)公司《關(guān)于下達2010年度國家電網(wǎng)公司技術(shù)標準制(修)訂計劃的通知》(國家電網(wǎng)科〔2010〕320號)編制。本標準在制定過程中充分考慮我國光伏電站的發(fā)展特點和國內(nèi)外光伏電站接入電網(wǎng)的現(xiàn)狀，參考本標準適用于接入380V及以上電壓等級電網(wǎng)的新建或擴建并網(wǎng)光伏電站，包括有隔離變壓器與無凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本標準。GB2894安全標志GB/T12325電能質(zhì)量供電電壓偏差GB/T14549電能質(zhì)量公用電網(wǎng)諧波GB/T15543電能質(zhì)量三相電壓不平衡GB/T178830.2S和0.5S級靜止式交流有功電度表IEC61000-4-30-2003電磁兼容性第4-30部分：試驗和測量技術(shù)-電能質(zhì)量ElectromagneticcompatibilityEMCPartTe234.3.1小型光伏電站總?cè)萘吭瓌t上不宜超過上一級變壓器供電區(qū)域內(nèi)的最大負荷的25%。4.3.2T接于公用電網(wǎng)的中型光伏電站總?cè)萘恳丝刂圃谒尤氲墓秒娋W(wǎng)線路最大輸送容量的30%5.1.1光伏電站向當?shù)亟涣髫撦d提供電能和向電網(wǎng)發(fā)送電能的質(zhì)量，在諧波、電壓偏差、電壓波動和和GB/T15543的要求。5.1.2光伏電站并網(wǎng)點應(yīng)裝設(shè)滿足IEC61000-4-30-2003標準要求的A類電5.2.1光伏電站所接入的公共連接點的諧波注入電流應(yīng)滿足GB/T1454注入的諧波電流允許值按照光伏電站裝機容量與其公共連接點上具有諧波源的發(fā)/供電設(shè)備總?cè)萘恐?.2.2光伏電站所接入的公共連接點的各次間諧波電壓含有率及單個光伏電站引起的各次間諧波電壓光伏電站接入電網(wǎng)后，光伏電站并網(wǎng)點的電壓偏差應(yīng)滿足GB/T1光伏電站所接入的公共連接點的電壓波動和閃變應(yīng)滿足GB/T12326的要求，其中光伏電站引起的5.5電壓不平衡度的要求，其中光伏電站引起的電壓不平衡度允許值按照GB/T15543的原則進行換算。光伏電站并網(wǎng)運行時，向電網(wǎng)饋送的直流電流分量不應(yīng)超過其交流電流額定值的0.5%。6功率和電壓46.1.2光伏電站有功功率變化包括10min有功功率變化和1min有功功率變化。光伏電站有功功率變化應(yīng)滿足電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定運行的要求。光伏電站有功功率變化最大限值參照表1,該要求也適用于光伏電站的正常啟動和停機。表1光伏電站有功功率變化最大限值電站類型10min有功功率變化最大限值(MW)1min有功功率變化最大限值(MW)小型中型大型注：太陽光輻照度快速減少引起的光伏電站輸出功率下降不受上述限制。6.1.3在電力系統(tǒng)事故或緊急情況下，大中型光伏電站應(yīng)根據(jù)電力調(diào)度部門的指令快速控制其輸出的有功功率，必要時可通過安全自動裝置快速自動降低光伏電站有功功率或切除光伏電站：此時光伏電站有功功率變化可超出規(guī)定的有功功率變化最大限值。事故處理完畢，電力系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)正常運行狀態(tài)后，光伏電站應(yīng)按照電力調(diào)度部門指令依次并網(wǎng)運行。a)電力系統(tǒng)事故或特殊運行方式下要求降低光伏電站有功功率，以防止輸電設(shè)備過載，確保電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行。b)當電力系統(tǒng)頻率高于50.2Hz時，按照電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度部門指令降低光伏電站有功功率，嚴重情況下切除整個光伏電站。c)在電力系統(tǒng)緊急情況下，若光伏電站的運行危及電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定，電力調(diào)度部門應(yīng)暫時切除光伏電站。6.2無功功率和電壓6.2.1光伏電站的無功功率和電壓調(diào)節(jié)的方式包括調(diào)節(jié)逆變器無功功率、調(diào)節(jié)無功補償設(shè)備投入量、調(diào)整光伏電站升壓變壓器的變比等。光伏電站宜充分利用逆變器的無功調(diào)節(jié)能力進行無功功率和電壓調(diào)6.2.2大中型光伏電站無功功率和電壓調(diào)節(jié)要求a)大中型光伏電站應(yīng)配置無功電壓控制系統(tǒng)，具備無功功率及電壓控制能力。根據(jù)電力調(diào)度部門指令，光伏電站自動調(diào)節(jié)其發(fā)出(或吸收)的無功功率，控制光伏電站并網(wǎng)點電壓在正常運行范圍內(nèi)，其調(diào)節(jié)速度和控制精度應(yīng)能滿足電力系統(tǒng)電壓調(diào)節(jié)的要求。b)對于專線接入公用電網(wǎng)的大中型光伏電站，其配置的容性無功容量能夠補償光伏電站滿發(fā)時站內(nèi)匯集系統(tǒng)、主變壓器的全部感性無功及光伏電站送出線路的一半感性無功之和：其配置的感性無功容量能夠補償光伏電站送出線路的一半充電無功功率。c)對于T接于公用電網(wǎng)和接入用戶內(nèi)部電網(wǎng)的大中型光伏電站應(yīng)根據(jù)項目工程的特點，結(jié)合電網(wǎng)實際情況論證其配置無功裝置類型及容量范圍。d)對于通過匯集系統(tǒng)升壓至500kV(或750kV)電壓等級接入公用電網(wǎng)的大中型光伏電站，其配置的容性無功容量能夠補償光伏電站滿發(fā)時站內(nèi)匯集系統(tǒng)、主變壓器的感性無功及光伏電站送出線路的全部感性無功之和，其配置的感性無功容量能夠補償光伏電站送出線路的全部充電無6.2.3小型光伏電站可不具備無功功率和電壓調(diào)節(jié)能力，其輸出有功功率大于其額定功率的50%時，功率因數(shù)應(yīng)不小于0.98(超前或滯后),輸出有功功率在20%～50%之間時，功率因數(shù)應(yīng)不小于0.95(超5前或滯后)。7電網(wǎng)異常時的響應(yīng)特性7.1電壓異常時的響應(yīng)特性7.1.1對于小型光伏電站，應(yīng)按照表2要求的時間停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電*。此要求適用于三相系統(tǒng)中的任何一相。表2光伏電站在電網(wǎng)電壓異常時的響應(yīng)要求并網(wǎng)點電壓0.1s注：1Uv為光伏電站并網(wǎng)點的電網(wǎng)標稱電壓。2最大分閘時間是指異常狀態(tài)發(fā)生到逆變器停止向電網(wǎng)送電的時間。7.1.2大中型光伏電站應(yīng)具備一定的低電壓穿越能力。其中接入用戶內(nèi)部電網(wǎng)的中型光伏電站的低電壓穿越要求由電力調(diào)度部門確定。a)電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)生不同類型故障時，若光伏電站并網(wǎng)點考核電壓*全部在圖1中電壓輪廓線及以上的區(qū)域內(nèi)時，光伏電站應(yīng)保證不間斷并網(wǎng)運行：否則光伏電站停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電。光伏電站并網(wǎng)點電壓跌至20%標稱電壓時，光伏電站能夠保證不間斷并網(wǎng)運行1s:光伏電站并網(wǎng)點電壓在發(fā)生跌落后3s內(nèi)能夠恢復(fù)到標稱電壓的90%時，光伏電站能夠保證不間斷并網(wǎng)運行。b)對電力系統(tǒng)故障期間沒有切出的光伏電站，其有功功率在故障清除后應(yīng)快速恢復(fù)，自故障清除時刻開始，以至少10%額定功率/秒的功率變化率恢復(fù)至故障前的值。c)低電壓穿越過程中光伏電站宜提供動態(tài)無功支撐。圖1大中型光伏電站的低電壓穿越能力要求67.1.3對于大中型光伏電站，當光伏電站并網(wǎng)點電壓大于標稱電壓的110%時，光伏電站的運行狀態(tài)由7.2.2大中型光伏電站應(yīng)具備一定的耐受系統(tǒng)頻率異常的能力，應(yīng)能夠在表3所示電網(wǎng)頻率偏離下運每次低于49.5Hz時要求至少能運行10min。連續(xù)運行。每次頻率高于50.2Hz時，光伏電站應(yīng)具備能夠連續(xù)運行2min的能力，同時具備0.2s內(nèi)停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電的能力，實際運行時間由電不允許處于停運狀態(tài)的光伏電站并網(wǎng)。高于50.5Hz在0.2s內(nèi)停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電，且不允許處于停運狀態(tài)的光伏電站并網(wǎng)。光伏電站應(yīng)具備一定的過電流能力，在120%倍額定電流以下，光伏電站連續(xù)可靠工作時間應(yīng)不小于1min。8.2防孤島8.2.2對于大中型光伏電站，公用電網(wǎng)繼電保護裝置必須保障公用電網(wǎng)故障時切除光伏電站，光伏電站可不設(shè)置防孤島保護。其中接入用戶內(nèi)部電網(wǎng)的中型光伏電站的防孤島保護能力由電力調(diào)度部門確的5%時，光伏電站應(yīng)在0.5s～2s內(nèi)停止向電網(wǎng)線路送電?；謴?fù)正常后，小型光伏電站應(yīng)經(jīng)過一個可調(diào)的延時時間后min8.5繼電保護及安全自動裝置8.5.1光伏電站相關(guān)繼電保護、安全自動裝置以及二次回路的設(shè)計、安裝應(yīng)滿足電力系統(tǒng)有關(guān)規(guī)定和7812.1.2光伏電站應(yīng)在并網(wǎng)運行后6個月內(nèi)向電網(wǎng)企業(yè)提供有關(guān)光伏電站運行特征的測試報告，以表明b)有功輸出特性(有功輸出與輻照度的關(guān)系特性)測試：I 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