創(chuàng)造性解決問題課件

創(chuàng)造性解決問題ppt課件1“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”“想象力比知識更重要?！?AlbertEinstein“Imaginationismoreimportant2CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問題CourseObjective:課程目標：Todeveloptechniquesforresolvingworkbasedproblemsinacreativeandinnovativeway.以一種創(chuàng)造和革新的方式發(fā)展解決工作中問題的技巧。CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決3Youwilllearn:Toidentifyclearlyobjectivestobeachieved.

清楚地了解要取得的目標Thebarrierstoproblemsolving

解決問題的障礙Howtodevelopaproblem-solvingmodel如何發(fā)展一種解決問題的模式CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問題Youwilllearn:CreativeProble4Youwilllearn:Toimproveproblemsolvingskillsbytheuseofthefishboneandwhy-whytechniques.

利用魚骨法和為什么-為什么法提高解決問題的技巧Howtodevelopadecision-makingmodel如何發(fā)展一種決策模式Howtodevelopcreativeandinternalthinking

如何發(fā)展創(chuàng)造性和內(nèi)在思維CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問題Youwilllearn:CreativeProble5HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待問題？Therearenoproblems. 沒有問題。Everyproblemisanopportunityindisguise. 每一個問題都是一個潛在的機會。HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待6Whatisaproblem?

問題是什么？ “Itisagapbetweenacurrentandadesiredstate”問題就是目前的情況和你渴望得到的狀態(tài)之間的差距。Itisabarrier,obstacle,restrain,etc.thathinderssmoothprogress,reduceseffectivenessandrequiresanalysisbeforeactionistaken.問題是一種障礙、阻攔、抑制，它阻礙著事情的順利發(fā)展，使我們在行動之前減少對有效性及需求的分析。Whatisaproblem?

問題是什么？ “It7CreativeProblem-solvingModel創(chuàng)造性解決問題模式－7步1.ProblemFinding(Problemdefinition)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題（問題的定義）2.FactFinding(Problemdescription)找到事實根據(jù)（問題的描述）3.Cause&EffectAnalysis(ProblemAnalysis)因果分析（問題的分析）4.ProblemStatement問題的表述5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction(Identifysolutions) 產(chǎn)生富有想象力的辦法(找到解決辦法)6.IdeaScreening(Verificationofsolution篩選各種想法（確認解決辦法）7.ImplementationPlan實施計劃CreativeProblem-solvingModel8ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問題Symptoms癥狀Problems問題TheRealProblesms真正的問題ProblemFindingSymptoms癥狀Prob91.ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問題Bankdeclinedtheloanrequest銀行拒絕了你的貸款要求Bankthinksthatyouhavenodebtpayingability銀行認為你沒有還債能力Banklearnsthatyourcompanymadealargeinvestmentinaprojectwihichhasnotbeencompleted銀行獲悉你的公司在一個尚未完成的項目上投入了大筆資金Oneofyourcompetitorsmadeuptherumourthatyourcompanysufferedagreatlossinthatproject你的一個競爭對手散布謠言說你的公司在那個項目上損失巨大IdentifytheProblem

找出問題1.ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問題Bankde103.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

因果分析The“FishboneDiagram”“魚骨圖”The“Why-WhyDiagram”“為什么-為什么分析法圖”AnalyzetheProblem

分析問題3.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

11StepstoDevelopaFishboneDiagram發(fā)展魚骨分析法的步驟Identifytheeffect明確現(xiàn)象Identifythemajorcausecategories明確主要原因的種類Brainstormthepossiblecauesoftheproblem對產(chǎn)生問題的可能原因進行集思廣益Assesseachmajorcausecategory評定每個主要原因的種類Reachanagreementonthemostlikelycause(s) 在最可能的原因上取得一致意見StepstoDevelopaFishboneDi12FishboneDiagram

魚骨分析圖IncreasedProductCosts產(chǎn)品成本增加FishboneDiagram

魚骨分析圖Increase13Possible“Cause”Categories

可能的“原因”種類People,Places,Policies&Procedures(4Ps) 人、地點、政策及程序Suppliers,Skills,Systems&Surroundings(4Ss) 供應商、技巧、系統(tǒng)及環(huán)境Methods,Materials,Machines(3Ms)方法、原料、設(shè)備和人#Youcanhaveanycategoriesthatsuityourneeds

你可能有適合你需要的別的分類Possible“Cause”Categories

可能14IncreasedProductCosts產(chǎn)品成本增加FishboneDiagram-CauseCategories魚骨法分析原因種類Place地點Procedure程序People人Policies政策IncreasedFishboneDiagram-Caus15BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾畫一幅魚骨圖IncreasedProductcost產(chǎn)品成本增加Rawmaterialpriceincreased原材料價格上漲Landuserentincreased土地租金上漲Electricitycostincreased電的成本增加Transportationcostincreased運輸成本增加Bankinterestrateincreased銀行利率上升Labourwagesincreased勞動工資增長BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾畫16DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

畫一幅為什么-為什么分析圖WHY?WHY?WHY?DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

畫一幅為174.ProblemStatement

闡述問題Statedinshortandprecisewords以簡短和準確的語言陳述Clearandunambiguous 清晰而不含糊Definedintermsthatwillassistinthemeasurementoftheoutcome按照有助于衡量結(jié)果的方式闡述問題4.ProblemStatement

闡述問題S185.ImaginativeIdeaProduction

展開想象，產(chǎn)生主意Brainstorming集思廣益TriggerSessions舉一反三Scenariowritingorscenariodaydreaming場景寫作或場景幻想Suggestionschemes 建議方案GenerateSolutions產(chǎn)生解決辦法5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction19Brainstorming

集思廣益

Brainstormingisatechniquetoencouragegroupcreativity:thisprocessallowsyoutousetherightbrainwhichisthecreativepartwhencomparedtothelogicalthinkingleftbrain. 集思廣益是一種鼓勵小組創(chuàng)造性的技巧：這一過程讓你運用右腦的創(chuàng)造性功能，而不是左腦的邏輯思維。Brainstorming

集思廣益 Brainstormi20TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思廣義之規(guī)則GoforQuantity 追求數(shù)量PostponeJudgement 不急于判斷TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思廣21Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思廣益的兩種類型：Freewheeling:

Shareideasallatonceandlistallideasastheyare“shoutedout”.隨心所欲式：大家座在一起立刻分享主意，并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。RoundRobin:

Everyonetakesaturnofferinganidea,anyonecanpassonanyturn,allcontinueuntiltherearenomoreideasandallideasarelistedastheyareoffered.循環(huán)式：每個人依次提供一個主意，任何人也可隨時插入主意，這樣，一直循環(huán)直到?jīng)]有主意再產(chǎn)生，同時這期間大家提供的所有主意應該被列出來。Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思22Theprocessofabrainstormingsession:

集思廣益方法：Don’teditwhatissaidandremembernottocriticiseideas不要改變或糾正別人所說的，并記住不要批評任何創(chuàng)意。Goforquantityofideasatthispoint;narrowdownthelistlater在這一階段追求的是創(chuàng)意的數(shù)量，以后再縮減創(chuàng)意列單。encouragewildorexaggeratedideas(creativityisthekey)鼓勵瘋狂而夸張的創(chuàng)意(創(chuàng)造性是關(guān)鍵)Buildontheideasofothers(e.g.,onemembermightsaysomethingthat‘spark’anothermember’sideas)拋磚引玉(例如，可能某個人說出的某個主意突然就點燃了另一個人創(chuàng)意的‘火花’。)Theprocessofabrainstorming23CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Whatblockscreativity? 是什么阻礙創(chuàng)造性？Whatencouragescreativity? 是什么激勵創(chuàng)造性？CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Whatbl24TheFourBarrierstoCreativity-BARS阻礙創(chuàng)造性的4個障礙B

BrainActivity 腦力活動AssumptionsThatAren’tTrue不正確的假設(shè)Routines 常規(guī)Skepticism 懷疑論ARSTheFourBarrierstoCreativit25EnviromentalChange環(huán)境改變Competition競爭Lackofprecedence沒有先例RequiredbyLeaders被領(lǐng)導要求Increaseorganisationaleffectiveness提高工作的有效性Emphasisonmanagerialcontrol強調(diào)管理控制Short-termthinking短期考慮Over-analysisofideas對想法的分析過多Pressuretodomorewithless工作太多，壓力大，沒有時間多考慮Creativity創(chuàng)造性Factorspushingforcreativity促進創(chuàng)造性的因素Factorspushingagainstcreativity阻礙創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)生的因素EnviromentalEmphasisonCreativ26CreativeThinkingTechnique

創(chuàng)造性思維的技巧

Brainstorming腦力風暴ThinkingLanguages思想語言IrrelevantOrigins無關(guān)根源Relabeling重新命名Netwon’sThirdLaw牛頓第3定律Analogies比喻CreativeThinkingTechnique

創(chuàng)造27CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Brainstorming 集思廣益DeBono’sSixthinkinghats DeBono的六頂思考的帽子CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Brainst28SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子

byEdwarddeBonoEmotions: 情感Speculation: 思索Creativity: 創(chuàng)造SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子

byE29The“Hat”youwearaffectshowyou你戴的“帽子”將影響你的think思考act行為feel感覺relatetoothers與別人的關(guān)系The“Hat”youwearaffectshow30Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽子Objective/Noemotion 客觀的/無情感色彩Focusesonfacts&figures 注重事實和數(shù)字Judgementnotbasedonfeelings不是靠感覺來作判斷Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽31Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－紅帽子Emotionoriented情感導向NoJustificationNeeded 無需正當理由Intuitionor“Hunches”arelegitimised 直覺或“預感”都是合理的Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－紅帽子E32Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索－黑帽子Negativedisposition 消極的性格傾向Pessimisticinoutlook 對前途悲觀Findsproblems&faultsinallideas對任何主意都要找出問題和錯誤Cautious謹慎Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索33Speculation-TheYellowHat

思索－黃帽子Positivedisposition積極的性格傾向Optimisticorientation樂觀傾向Exploresthebenefits&opportunityinideas 探索創(chuàng)意中的利益和機會Feasible/whyitcouldwork 切實可行的/為什么它有用Speculation-TheYellowHat

思34Creativity-TheBlueHat

創(chuàng)造－藍帽子Organised&controlled 有組織的和可控制的Cool&clearthinking 冷靜及清晰的思考Questionsarefocused專注問題Rulesarefollowed遵循規(guī)則Synthesis(builds&pullstogether)合力（齊心協(xié)力，共同建造）Creativity-TheBlueHat

創(chuàng)造－藍35Creativity-TheGreenHat

創(chuàng)造－綠帽子CreativeThinking 創(chuàng)造性思維Provocative煽動性Generationofnewideas 新主意的產(chǎn)生Seeksalternatives 尋求可供選擇的辦法Creativity-TheGreenHat

創(chuàng)造－36SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子PureFacts純事實PureEmotions純情感Negative消極的Positive積極的Focus專注Creative創(chuàng)造Youshoulduseallofthehatswhenaddressinganyproblem當你著手解決任何問題時，都應該運用上面這些帽子進行思考。SixThinkingHatsPureFactsPur376.IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法Force-fieldAnalysis 力量分析The“How-HowDiagram” 怎樣－怎樣分析VerifySolutions驗證解決辦法6.IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法Fo38ForceFieldDiagramisananalysistoolthatisused力量分析是一種分析工具，可用于

Identifyobstaclestoreachingagoal找出達到目標的障礙

Identifypossiblecauses&solutionstoaproblem找出問題的可能的原因及解決辦法

Individualorteamisunabletoproceedanyfurther個人或團隊無法進一步前進ForceFieldDiagramisananal39ForceFieldDiagram力量分析圖CurrentSituation:目前情況Goal目標:Situation情況Goal目標Worse更糟(DrivingForces)動力(RestrainingForces)阻力ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit40ForceFieldDiagram力量分析圖CurrentSituation:Stockslevels25%toohigh目前情況：大大高于庫存標準25％Goal:Reducestocklevelsby25%目標：減少庫存標準到25％Situation情況Goal目標Worse更糟ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit41Force-fieldAnalysis力量分析學生數(shù)量增加...動力...好的教學設(shè)施靈活的學習方式課程的質(zhì)量競爭增加行政人員缺乏經(jīng)驗政府資助的取消阻力Force-fieldAnalysis學生數(shù)量增加...動42IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法‘How-HowDiagram’ 怎樣-怎樣分析圖Assistsintheimplementationprocess有助于完成程序Followsthe‘Why-Why’thinkingprocess 遵循“為什么-為什么”思考程序IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法‘How-How43TheHow-HowDiagram

怎樣-怎樣分析圖給銀行提供日期舉行一個新聞發(fā)布會怎樣怎樣TheHow-HowDiagram

怎樣-怎樣分析圖給銀447.ImplementationPlan

實施計劃Preparation準備Execution執(zhí)行Check檢查Implementthesolution實施解決辦法7.ImplementationPlan

實施計45ImplementationPlan實施計劃:Preparation準備Identifyyourtargetaudience 明確你的目標聽眾Sellthebenefitsofyoursolution講出你的解決辦法的好處Explain&communicateeffectively解釋并有效溝通Involveallconcernedtoovercomeresistance 涉及所有有關(guān)的，克服阻力。ImplementationPlan實施計劃:Prep46ImplementationPlan實施計劃-Execution執(zhí)行Setgoals&deadlines 設(shè)立目標及最終期限Establishwhowilldowhat,when&how確定誰做什么，何時，怎樣做Motivatemembers 激勵成員Havecontingencyplans 有預防突發(fā)事件的計劃ImplementationPlan實施計劃-Exec47ImplementationPlan實施計劃-Verification驗證Haveobjectivesbeenachieved?已經(jīng)達到目標了嗎？Hastheproblembeensolvedtotally? 問題完全解決了嗎？ImplementationPlan實施計劃-Ver48FishboneDiagram魚骨分析法Problem(s)問題Brainstorming集思廣益Why-Why為什么-為什么Implementation實施ForceField/How-How力量分析法怎樣-怎樣分析SolutionScreening解決辦法篩選CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問題FishboneProblem(s)Brainstormin49ExpandingtheBoundariesoftheTermMeasuringCup4.Anycontainerwithaknownvolumethatwouldholdliquid.3.Anycontainerwithvolumemarkingsthatwouldholdliquid.2.Anytypeofmeasuringcup-glass,plastic,ormetal.1.Clearglasspitcherwithredmarkings.ExpandingtheBoundariesofth50SupplementalBrainstormingProceduresKeeptheproblem