【學(xué)案】新外研版-Unit 2 Exploring English-Using Language (語法：構(gòu)詞法)

Unit2ExploringEnglish電子學(xué)案UsingLanguage(語法：構(gòu)詞法)(一)轉(zhuǎn)化法Somenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,orthewayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecomecalm.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentbypresentingit.(UsingLanguage,P17)轉(zhuǎn)化法(conversion)在英語中，一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。通常會有動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞等，還有一些個別詞在一定場合中轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞?！拘峦庋斜匦抟籙2構(gòu)詞轉(zhuǎn)化法鞏固】單詞釋義contact|'kDnt氏kt]n.接觸；聯(lián)系v.接觸；聯(lián)系comment1kDment]n.注釋；評論v.注釋；評論；注釋；評論flat[fl&t]n.平面，平坦部分；泄了氣的輪胎；一層；公寓大樓；公寓房間adj.平的，平坦的；泄了氣的adv.平直地【慧眼識詞】請分析下列詞性發(fā)生變化的一些詞并翻譯句子。Letmehaveatry.Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoftdrinksatschool.Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouthwater.Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.Theytriedtoperfecttheworkingconditions.Hedidn'tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.10.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.11.Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.附：中文翻譯讓我試試。在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。他們努力改善工作條件。他不辨是非。我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。人生有得意時也有失意時。他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。(二)合成法(composition)Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,penfriend(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapenandwell-known(knownbymanypeople).合成法(composition)，由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞(compounds)。合成詞的寫法由習(xí)慣決定，可以寫在一起,也可以用連詞符號連接。通常有合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成動詞、合成副詞、合成代詞、合成介詞等。【新外研必修一U2構(gòu)詞法-合成詞鞏固】單詞中文釋義eggplant茄子pineapple菠蘿seasick暈船的airsick暈機的carsick暈車的homesick想家的highway公路motorway高速公路downtown在城鎮(zhèn)中心區(qū)的，在鬧市區(qū)的downstairs在樓下【慧眼識詞】猜一猜如下詞都是什么意思，它們是如何合成的？1.合成名詞newspaperblood-testshe-wolftypewriterpickpocketdaybreakgreenhousehighwayovercoatoutsidehandwritingreading-roomfreezing-pointbreakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcomesister-in-laweditor-in-chief2.合成形容詞world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-termover-anxiousevergreenman-madesun-burntpeace-lovingEnglish-speakinggood-lookingeasy-goingwell-informedwidespreadhardworkingfar-reachingwarm-heartedabsent-mindedthree-leggedten-storiedone-wayfive-starten-year-old800-meter-longface-to-facedoor-to-door3.合成動詞baby-sitsleepwalkoutnumberunderestimateoverworkwhitewash4.合成副詞meanwhileanywayeverywhereanyhowhoweverbeforehandoverheadforever5.合成代詞herselfthemselvesmyselfyourselvesanythingnothing6.合成介詞insideoutsidewithoutwithin（三）派生法Prefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeaning.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeanstheopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn'tcorrect,itisincorrectandifsomeoneisn'thappythey'reunhappy.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreatimprovement.派生法：由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。新外研必修一U2構(gòu)詞法-派生法鞏固】單詞中文釋義同根詞sculpture雕塑作品，雕像sculptcreativity創(chuàng)造力，創(chuàng)造性creative,creationunfamiliar不熟悉的，不了解的familiarorganization組織，團體，機構(gòu)organizelikely可能的，可能發(fā)生的like,dislike,unlikeentrance大門口，入口處enteractually事實上，實際上actualmisadventure事故，災(zāi)難adventure【派生詞拓展】1.前綴除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性（1）表示否定意義的前綴un-unhappyunfinishedundressdis-disagreedisbelieveinaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregularmis-misbehavemisleadmistakenon-nonstopnonsmoker（2）表示其他意義的前綴en-“使……”enrichenlargeencourageinter-“相互”internationalintercontinentalre-“再，又，重”rethinkretellrecycletele-“遠(yuǎn)程的”telescopetelephonetelegraphauto-“自動的”automaticautomobileco-“共同”cooperatecoexistanti-“反對，抵抗”antiwarantifreezeantinuclearmulti-“多”multiculturalmulticolouredbi-“雙，二”bilingualbilateralmicro-“極小的，微小的”microwavemicrocomputerover-“太多，過分”overworkoverdooverestimateself-“自己，本身”self-centeredself-confidentself-controlunder-“在下面，下的，不足的”underline,underground,underestimate2.后綴（1）形容詞后綴-able“可的，具有的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable-al“與……有關(guān)的”physical,magical,political-ful/less“（沒）有的”helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless-ive“有……傾向的”activeattractiveexpensive-ous“有（性質(zhì)）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous-ly“有性質(zhì)的”friendlyyearlydaily-y“構(gòu)成形容詞”noisydustycloudy（2）名詞后綴-er/or“表人或用具”farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container-ese“某國（人）的”Chinese,Japanese-ian“某國、某地人；精通的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician-ist“某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist-ess“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess-ment“行為或其狀態(tài)”government,movement,achievement-ness“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”illness,sadness,carelessness-tion“動作，過程，結(jié)果”invention,organization,translation-ance/ence“抽象；行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance,appearance,absence,existence-th“性質(zhì)、情況”depth,warmth,truth-ful“（滿的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful-（a）bility“抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility,disability-al“過程、狀態(tài)”survival,arrival,approval-y“性質(zhì)、情況”mod