英語國家概況答案

英語作業(yè)答案Unit1Ⅰ.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.1.TheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.(T)英倫三島包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。2.PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.(F)British3.TodaymorethanhalfofthepeopleinWalesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.(F)4.Intermsofpopulationandarea，NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartoftheUnitedKingdom.(F)英格蘭是面積最大，人口最多的5.ThelongestriverofBritainoriginatesinWales.(T)TheRiverSevern:賽文河6.Becauseofpoliticaltroubles，NorthernIrelandhasbeenquitesignificantamongthefourconstituentpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.(T)Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.1.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesare.不列顛群島是由兩個(gè)大島組成的：不列顛和愛爾蘭A.GreatBritainandIrelandB.GreatBritainandScotlandC.GreatBritainandWalesD.GreatBritainandEngland2.isthecapitalcityofScotland.A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff3.AmongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom，isthesmallest.A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.NorthernIreland4.TheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementofwordstoEnglish.A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGermanC.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreek5.TheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbytheinfluence.A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish6.SamuelJohnson’sdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformof.A.grammarB.handwritingC.spellingD.pronunciation7.Atpresent,nearlyoftheworld’spopulationcommunicateinEnglish.A.halfB.aquarterC.OnethirdD.onefifthIII.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions·1.WhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?ThefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmanwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath(黑死病)?ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.1.whoareBritishpeople?ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsofwelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotsofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealth(共和國)countriesfromeverypartoftheworld,andtheBritishpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.2.WhatisStandardEnglish?StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofthesoutheasternEngland;itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IshasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforthecorrectBritishEnglish.Itisalsothenorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))carriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.Unit2I.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.1.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T)3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe—theBritons.(T)4.TheAnglo—SaxonscametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.(T)(不考)5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F)6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance(T)8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)9.TheHundredYears’WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfortradeandterritory.(F)10.inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions，QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)10．ThelegalsystemsinEngland，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpractice．FII．Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements．1．TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionofthe.A．judiciary司法B．Legislature立法C．monarchyD．executive行政2．TheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchy(君主政體)canbeseeninitseffecton.A．passingthebillsB．a(chǎn)dvisingthegovernmentC．politicalpartiesD．publicattitude3．Asarevisingchamber(審裁室)，theHouseofLordsisexpectedtotheHouseofCommons．A．rivalB．complementC．criticizeD.inspect檢查4．BritishCabinetworksontheprincipleof.A．collectiveresponsibility(集體責(zé)任)B．individualresponsibilityC．defendingthecollectivismD．defendingtheindividuals5．ThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncil(樞密院)isto.A．makedecisionsB．giveadviceC．passbillsD．supervisetheCabinet6．InBritain，theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryyears.A．threeB．fourC．fiveD.six7．hasadistinctlegalsystembasedonRomanlaw．A．WalesB．EnglandC．ScotlandD．NorthernIreland8．Generallyspeaking，theBritishParliamentoperatesonasystem.A．single-partyB．two-partyC．three-partyD．multi-party9．ThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatism實(shí)用主義and.A．governmentinterventionB．nationalizationofenterprisesC．socialreformD．a(chǎn)beliefinindividualism10．TheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatit.A．setuptheNationalHealthServiceB．improvedpublictransportationC．a(chǎn)bolishedtheoldtaxsystemD．enhancedtheeconomicdevelopmentⅢ．Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions．1．WhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?TherearethreemainfunctionsoftheHouseofCommons.Thefirstistodebateandvoteuponlegislationandthesecondistogivethechancefortheoppositiontoquestionwhatthegovernmentisdoingwithlegislation,thewayitconductsitself,etc.Thethirdfunctionisprivatemember'sbusinesswhereMP'smaygetupandmakeaspeechintheHouseaboutanissueoreventthathe/shewouldliketodrawattentionto.2．WhatkindofpublicimagedoesLiberalDemocrats(自由民主黨)haveinBritain?張老師的答案：LiberalDemocratswasfoundedinMarch,1988.Inpublic’seyes,LiberalDemocratsadoptsmoreprogresspolicyontheissueofpublicservices,socialequityandenvironmentalprotectionetc.ItcontinuestomaintainthecooperationwithLaborParty,anditisthirdpartyinUKwith100,000partymembers.TheLiberalDemocrats,oftenshortenedtoLibDems,areasocialliberalpoliticalpartyintheUnitedKingdom.Thepartywasformedin1988byamergeroftheLiberalPartyandtheSocialDemocraticParty.ThetwopartieshadformedtheelectoralSDP–LiberalAllianceforsevenyearsbeforethen.ThecurrentleaderofthepartyisNickClegg.Atthe2010generalelection,57LibDemMPswereelected,makingthemthethird-largestpartyintheHouseofCommons,behindtheConservativePartywith307andtheLabourPartywith258.TheLiberalDemocratsformedacoalitiongovernmentwiththeConservativeParty,withNickCleggasDeputyPrimeMinisterandotherLiberalDemocratsinthecabinet.Promotingsocialliberalism,theLiberalDemocratsvoicestrongsupportforconstitutionalandelectoralreform,andcivilliberties.Thepartypresident'sbookofofficeisJohnStuartMill's1859OnLiberty,whichdefendedindividualrightswhileattackingthetyrannyofthemajorityandthedespotismofcustom.Thepartyobjectstostatelimitationsonindividualrightsandfavoursawelfarestatethatprovidesforthenecessitiesandamenitiesoflife.[12][13]Theysupportmultilateralforeignpolicy,opposingBritishparticipationintheWarinIraqandsupportingthewithdrawaloftroopsfromthecountry.[14]TheLiberalDemocratsarethemostpro-EuropeanUnionofthethreemainpartiesintheUK.Thepartyhasstrongenvironmentalistvalues—favouringrenewableenergyandcommitmentstodeepercutsingreenhousegasemissions.Sincetheirfoundation,LibDemshaveadvocatedelectoralreformtouseproportionalrepresentationinelectingtheHouseofCommons,alsohopingtoreplacetheHouseofLordswithanelectedchamber.Unit1GeographyandPeopleI．ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse．1．TheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachians(阿巴拉契亞山脈)holdonethirdofthecountry’scontinentalterritory．F1/3-1/62．TheclimateintheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperate，withsomemildsubtropical(亞熱帶的)andtropical(熱帶的)zones．T3．NewYorkisthecommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStates，anditiscomposedoffiveboroughsincludingManhattan，Brooklyn，theBronx，StatenIslandandQueens．T4．SanFrancisco(舊金山)isthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworldfamousHollywoodandDisneylandarelocatedhere．F洛杉磯是第二大城市6．HalfoftheU．S．populationlivesinthewesternmetropolitancenters．F東部7．TheBlacksbroughtfromAfricatoAmericausuallyworkedonplantationsorfarmsintheNorth．F在美國南部8．Duringthe1830sand1840s，manynorthernEuropeansandIrishimmigrantscametoAmerica．T10．BasicAmericanculturalvaluesarefreedom，equalityanddesiretoworkhardforahigherstandardofliving．TII．Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.1．TheUnitedStateshas________statesonthecontinent．A．50B．49C．48D．2．Thestateof_________isthelargestinareaofallthestates．A．AlaskaB．HawaiiC．TexasD．Florida3．TheU．S．liesin_______NorthAmerica，withCanadatothenorth，Mexicotothesouth，theAtlantic大西洋toits________andthePacific太平洋toits________．A．northern，east，westB．central，east，westC．southern，west，eastD．western，east，west4．ThelargestriverintheU．S．is_________.A．theMissouriRiverB．theMississippiRiverC．theOhioRiverD．theColoradoRiver5．SomeoftheworldfamousuniversitieslikeHarvard，YaleandMITarelocatedA．intheSouthB．a(chǎn)longthePacificCoastC．inNewEngland新英格蘭D．intheMidwest6．_________islocatedontheU．S.-CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario．A．YellowstoneNationalParkB．TheGrandCanyonC．NiagaraFalls尼亞加拉大瀑布D．TheGreatSaltLake7．ThenativeAlaskanpopulationincludesthefollowingexceptthe_________A．IndiansB．EskimosC．AleutsD．Blacks8．ThelargestminorityintheUnitedStatesisthe___________.A．PacificIslandersB．BlacksC．NativeAmericansD．AsiansIII．Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions．1．HowisthelifeoftheNativeAmericanstoday?About2.5millionNativeAmericansliveintheUSAtoday.ThebiggesttribesaretheCherokee,Chippewa,NavajoandSioux.AboutathirdoftheIndiansintheUSliveonreservations.Therestliveincitiesortowns.Indiancultureisstillpreservedonreservations.Here,Indianspracticeoldtraditions.However,theyareworriedthattheirtraditionswilldisappearbecausemoreandmoreIndiansarebeingintegratedintosociety.Today,NativeAmericansarebetteroffthantheywereatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.Theygetbettereducation;manygotohighschoolandsometocollege.ManyNativeAmericansworkaslawyers,doctorsorhaveotherimportantjobs,likeworkingforgovernmentcompanies.Sometribesgetmoneyfromtourismorsellinghandicrafts.In1988thegovernmentallowedcasinosandothergamblingoperationsonreservations.Othertribesearnmoneyfromtaxesonoilorgasthatisproducedontheirland.Eventhoughlifehasimproved,NativeAmericansstillfacemanyproblemsintoday’sAmerica.Unemploymentonreservationsisabout50%.TheincomeofanIndianfamilyismuchlowerthanthatofawhitefamily.MostIndiansarebadlypaidandareunskilledworkers.Suicideratesarealsohigherthaninotherplaces.SomeIndianstrytoreducetheirproblemsbydrinkingalcoholandtakingdrugs.Chapter6LiteratureI．ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse．1．TheCanterburyTales（坎特伯雷故事集）isarepresentativeworkoftheOldEnglishPeriod．F中古英語的代表作2．Renaissance（文藝復(fù)興）ischaracterizedbyadmirationoftheGreekandLatinclassics．T3．Hamletdepictsthehero’sstrugglewithtwoopposingforces：moralintegrityandtheneedtoavengehisfather’smurder．T4．AlexanderPopewasagreatEnglishpoetwhoalsotranslatedHomer’sIliad（伊利亞特）．T5．JonathanSwiftisprobablytheforemostprosesatiristintheEnglishlanguage，andRobinsonCrusoeishismasterpiece．FbyDanielDefoe6．WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgebroughttheRomanticMovementtoitsheight．FtheyareKeats,Byron,Shelley.7．LordByrondistinguishedhimselfbythemusicalqualityofhisshortpoems，suchas“OdetotheWestWind"．FbyShelley8．JaneAustenwasawell-knownnovelistofthestreamofconsciousnessschool．F9．JosephConrad(康納德)isclassifiedasaforerunner(先驅(qū))ofModernism，whichprevailedbeforeWorldWarII．T10．V.S．Naipaul（奈保爾）detailedinhisworksthedual（兩部分的）problemsoftheThirdWorld：theoppressionofcolonialismandthechaosofpostcolonialism（后殖民主義）．TII．Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements．1．ThemostsignificantachievementoftheEnglishRenaissanceis.A．poetryB．dramaC．novelD．pamphlet2．isviewedasRomanticpoetry’s“Declarationofindependence”．A．“IWonderedLonelyasaCloud”B．DonJuanC．“PrefacetoLyricalBallads”D．PrometheusUnbound3．OfDickens’novels，isconsideredautobiographical（自傳的）．A．ATaleofTwoCitiesB．DavidCopperfieldC．OliverTwistD．GreatExpectations4．isarepresentativeofEnglishCriticalRealismattheturnofthe19thcentury．A．RobertLouisStevensonB．JohnMiltonC．JosephConradD．ThomasHard（托馬斯.哈代）5．Ofthefollowingstatements，isNOTcorrectintermsofNeo-Romanticism（新浪漫主義）．A．Itprevailedattheendofthe19thcentury．B．Thewritersweredissatisfiedwiththesocialreality．C．Thewritersbelievedin“ArtforArt’sSake”（藝術(shù)至上主義）．D．TreasureIslandwasarepresentativework．6．isNOTincludedinthemodernistgroup．A．OscarWild（奧斯卡·王爾德）B．VirginiaWoolfC．WilliamButlerYeatsD．T．S．Eliot他是為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)”的倡導(dǎo)者。7．Ofthefollowingbooks，wasNOTwrittenbyThomasHardy．A．JudetheObscureB．TessoftheD’UrbervillesC．AdamBede（BYGeorgeEliot）D．TheReturnoftheNative8．Ofthefollowingstatements，＿＿＿＿isNOTcorrectaboutVirginiaWoolf(弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫).A．Shewasacentralfigureofthe’BloomsburyGroup”．B．Sheexperimentedwithstreamofconsciousness．C．Shewasaninfluentialfeminist．D．HermasterpiecewasTheRainbow．（rainbowisbyD.H.Lawrence）9