蘇州大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

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2010年蘇州大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

I.Vocabularyand

Structure(30%)

Directions:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasanunderlinedwordorphrase.

BeloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrasesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

YouaretochoosetheONEwordorphrasewhich,ifsubstitutedforthe

underlinedwordorphrase,wouldkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentence.

1Thisisanabstractofasermon.

A.anagent

B.anaccommodation

C.an

abbreviation

D.asummary

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：這是布道的概要。accommodation住處，膳宿。abbreviation縮寫；縮寫詞。

2TheStatueofLibertywasagifttotheUnitedStatesfromthe

peopleofFrancetomemorializethealliancebetweenthetwocountries.

A.negotiation

B.anniversary

C.treaty

D.association

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：自由女神像是法國(guó)人民送給美國(guó)的禮物，以紀(jì)念兩國(guó)之間的聯(lián)盟。alliance聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合。D項(xiàng)association與其意思相同。

3Formulatedin1823,theMonroeDoctrineassertedthatthe

AmericaswerenolongeropentoEuropeancolonization.

A.emphatically

stated

B.assured

C.accentuated

D.entreated

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：門羅主義制定于1823年，宣稱美洲不再對(duì)歐洲殖民開放。assert“（堅(jiān)決）主張”，其英文釋義為“tostatefirmlythatsomethingistrue”，因此A項(xiàng)“emphaticallystated”與其意思相同。assure保證；擔(dān)保。accentuate強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀。entreat懇求。

4Thebleaching

oflaundrybysunlightisatleastpartlyaphotochemicalprocess.

A.bleeding

B.blessing

C.whitening

D.scrubbing

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：日光下衣物的漂白至少部分是光化過程。bleaching漂白。scrubbing洗滌。

5Diplomaticmisunderstandingscanoften

betracedbacktoblundersintranslation.

A.mistakes

B.attempts

C.insults

D.arguments

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：外交上的誤解經(jīng)?？梢宰匪莸椒g中的錯(cuò)誤。blunder大錯(cuò)。

6Overninetypercentofallhouseholdburglaries

occurwhiletheownersareout.

A.thefts

B.bumps

C.clashes

D.explosions

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：超過90%的家庭盜竊案發(fā)生在業(yè)主外出期間。burglary盜竊。theft盜竊。bump腫塊，隆起物。clash沖突，不協(xié)調(diào)。

7Sincefingernailscanbeeasilyclipped,theyarea

convenientresourceforthosewhowishtomeasurelevelsoftraceelementsin

thebody.

A.cloaked

B.clasped

C.trimmed

D.clapped

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：由于指甲很容易修剪，對(duì)于那些想要測(cè)量身體微量元素水平的人來(lái)說，它們可以輕易獲得。clip剪；剪掉。trim修剪。cloak遮掩。clasp緊抱；扣緊。clap鼓掌。

8Prof.Bakercameupwithanidea

inhislectureyesterday.

A.abolished

B.took

advantageof

C.appreciated

D.proposed

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：貝克教授昨天在演講中提出了一個(gè)想法。comeupwith提出；想出。propose提出，提議。abolish廢除。appreciate欣賞；感激。

9Salthasbeenarespectedcommodity

formuchofrecordedtime.

A.flavoring

B.preservative

C.remedyfor

illness

D.articleof

trade

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：鹽在大部分時(shí)間一直是受人尊敬的商品。commodity商品，貨物?！癮rticleoftrade”也是“商品”的意思。flavoring調(diào)味品。preservative防腐劑。remedyforillness疾病的治療。

10After1850,variousstatesinthe

UnitedStatesbegantopasscompulsoryschoolattendance

laws.

A.harsh

B.diversified

C.mandatory

D.complicated

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：1850年以后，美國(guó)各州開始通過義務(wù)教育法。compulsory強(qiáng)制的；義務(wù)的。mandatory強(qiáng)制的。harsh嚴(yán)厲的。diversified多樣化的。

11Somebirdsconsistentlyreturn

tothesamenestingareaeachspring.

A.occasionally

B.purposely

C.regularly

D.surprisingly

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：一些鳥類每年春天都會(huì)回到相同的巢區(qū)。consistently一貫地；一致地。regularly定期地；有規(guī)律地。occasionally偶爾；間或。

12MaryMcCarthy’ssatiresarecouched

inaprosestylethathasaclassicprecision.

A.fused

B.prefaced

C.standardized

D.expressed

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：瑪麗·麥卡錫的諷刺詩(shī)以一種具有經(jīng)典精確性的散文風(fēng)格表達(dá)出來(lái)。becouchedin以（特定方式）表達(dá)，用……措辭。fuse融合。preface作序。

13AndreWatts

gaveadazzlinginterpretationofBeethoven’sEmperorConcerto.

A.adaring

B.acrystal

C.acrooked

D.abrilliant

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：安德烈·沃茨對(duì)貝多芬的《皇帝協(xié)奏曲》作出了精彩的詮釋。dazzling在這里是“amazinglyimpressive”的意思，與brilliant意思相同。crooked彎曲的；歪的。

14Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthe

degreetowhichtheycanbedeliberatelycontrolledandmodified.

A.decently

B.noticeably

C.

intentionally

D.creatively

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的面部表情不同，它們可以被有意識(shí)地控制和修改。deliberately故意地。intentionally故意地，有意地。decently合適地；高雅地。noticeably顯著地。

15Astronautsaresubjectedtothemostrigoroustrainingthathas

everbeendevisedforhumanbeings.

A.destined

B.created

C.diagnosed

D.afforded

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：宇航員們接受了人類有史以來(lái)最嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。devise設(shè)計(jì)；想出。destine注定。diagnose診斷。

16TheMoon,theSun,andthevisibleplanetswereconsideredby

earliestobserverstobedivineobjects.

A.orbital

B.sacred

C.fanciful

D.magnified

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：月亮、太陽(yáng)和可見的行星被最早的觀察者認(rèn)為是神圣的物體。divine神圣的。sacred神的；神圣的。orbital軌道的。magnified放大的。

17Alongjourneyincoldweatherisdreadfully

tiring.

A.unfortunately

B.terribly

C.alternately

D.desperately

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：在寒冷的天氣里長(zhǎng)途旅行非常累人。dreadfully可怕地；極其。alternately交替地；輪流地。desperately拼命地；絕望地。

18TheAbstractExpressionistmovementemerged

inNewYorkCityinthe1940’s.

A.merged

B.cameinto

prominence

C.meager

D.waslabeled

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：抽象表現(xiàn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)40年代的紐約。comeintoprominence意思是“出名；成為顯要”，與emerge的意思最為接近。merge合并；融合。meager貧乏的。

19Intermsofprecipitation,teninches

ofsnowistheequivalentofaninchofrain.

A.thesymbol

of

B.thesameas

C.theequality

D.thedisguise

of

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：就降水而言，10英寸的雪相當(dāng)于一英寸的雨。theequivalentof相當(dāng)于。

20Aveinisadepositofmineralmatter

thathasfilledafaultorseaminarock.

A.acave

B.anindentation

C.acrack

D.ahole

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：礦脈是礦物的沉積填滿了巖石中的斷層或縫隙。fault斷層。crack裂縫。cave洞穴。indentation壓痕，刻痕。

21Theuseofformaldehydefoamininsulationwasrecently

bannedbytheConsumerProductSafetyCommission.

A.form

B.formula

C.forum

D.amassof

whitebubbles

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：最近，消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品安全委員會(huì)禁止使用甲醛泡沫。foam泡沫，即D項(xiàng)“amassofwhitebubbles”。

22FarmersineasternMarylandandonLong

Islandspecializeinraisingfowl.

A.sardines

B.salmon

C.poultry

D.shrimps

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：馬里蘭州東部和長(zhǎng)島的農(nóng)民專門飼養(yǎng)家禽。fowl家禽。poultry家禽。sardine沙丁魚。salmon鮭魚。

23PhilipRothwashailedasa

majornewauthorin1960.

A.growled

B.frownedat

C.acclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：菲利普·羅斯在1960年被譽(yù)為重要的新作家。hail致敬。acclaim稱贊。growl咆哮。frownat對(duì)……感到生氣不滿；對(duì)……皺眉。exclaim呼喊，驚叫。

24Groupingstarsbyconstellationsisahandy

wayofmappingthesky.

A.grand

B.gorgeous

C.fake

D.convenient

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：按星座將星星分組是繪制星空?qǐng)D的一種簡(jiǎn)便方法。handy便利的。

25Likemostmigratorybirds,warblershead

southinthefall.

A.jog

B.gallop

C.crawl

D.fly

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：和大多數(shù)候鳥一樣，鶯會(huì)在秋天向南遷徙。head的意思是“前進(jìn)；出發(fā)”，對(duì)于鳥來(lái)說就是“fly”。jog慢跑。gallop飛馳；急速進(jìn)行。crawl爬行。

26Idon’tthinkitisimpartial

fortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.imperial

D.effusive

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：我認(rèn)為教授讓我的化學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)不及格是不公平的。impartial公平的，公正的。unbiased公正的；無(wú)偏見的。compatible兼容的；能共處的。effusive流出的；感情橫溢的。

27Themicroscopeenablesscientiststo

distinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.

A.anextra

B.an

unbelievable

C.averifiable

D.an

unavoidable

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：顯微鏡使科學(xué)家能夠辨別出數(shù)量驚人、種類繁多的細(xì)菌。incredible難以置信的，驚人的。

28IntheNavajohousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayindispensable

rolesinraisingchildren.

A.dominant

B.exemplary

C.essential

D.demanding

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在納瓦霍家庭中，祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)子女方面發(fā)揮不可或缺的作用。indispensable不可缺少的。dominant顯性的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的。exemplary典范的；可仿效的。demanding苛求的；要求高的。

29Theterm“NewDeal”appliestotheprogramofreformand

recoveryinitiatedbyPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.

A.inferred

B.inherited

C.originated

D.injected

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：“新政”一詞適用于富蘭克林·羅斯福總統(tǒng)發(fā)起的改革和復(fù)蘇計(jì)劃。initiate開始；發(fā)起。originate創(chuàng)造；發(fā)起。

30RockefellerCenterhasleased

partofitslandfromColumbiaUniversity.

A.exploited

B.imported

C.grasped

D.rented

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：洛克菲勒中心從哥倫比亞大學(xué)租了部分土地。leased租得。

II.Reading

Comprehension

PartOne:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagesandthendecideonthebestchoice.

(30%)

PassageOne

AlthoughhumansmayhaveenteredtheNewWorldbetween20,000and

40,000yearsago,thefirstsolidevidencefor

theirpresenceintheMidwestcomesfromthePaleo-Indianperiod,whichdates

10,000to8000B.C.Bythistime,humanshadspreadthroughoutbothcontinents

oftheWesternHemisphereandhaddevelopeddistinctivetoolkitsfor

exploitingtheenvironmentArchaeologicaldatasuggestthatsubsistence

activitiescenteredaroundhuntinglargelate-Pleistocenemammals,suchas

extinctformsofbison,mammoth,andmastodon.Thisexploitativepatternis

frequentlyreferredtoasthebig-gamehuntingtradition.Itisprobablethat

smallgameanimalsandplantresourcesalsoplayedanimportant,ifnot

dominant,partinthesubsistenceactivitiesduringthisperiod,butthereis

currentlylittlearchaeologicalevidencetosubstantiatethisproposition.

Socialgroupsprobablyconsistedofsmallbandsthatwanderedoverlargeareas

inpursuitofgameandotherscatteredresources.

ThetraditionfromPaleo-IndiantoArchaic

occurredgraduallythroughouttheeasternwoodlands

andisgenerallycorrelatedwiththeretreatoftheglaciersaswellaswith

theconcomitantchangeinthekindsanddistributionsofplantandanimal

resources.DatesassignedtotheArchaicperiodrangebetweenapproximately

8000B.C.and1000B.C.Thislongperiodcanbefurthersubdividedintothree

parts:theEarlyArchaic(8000to5000B.C.),MiddleArchaic(5000to2000B.C.),

andLateArchaic(2000to1000B.C.).

Archaic

substanceactivitiesfocusedongatheringfromlocalizedareasawiderangeof

wildresources,suchaslargeandsmallmammals,birds,fish,nuts,andseeds.

Throughtime,Archaicpopulationsdevelopedfromsmall,scatteredgroups

scavengingresourcesoverawideareatolargergroupsforminggreaterregional

populationsthatoccupiedmorelimitedterritories.Groupsapparentlymoved

fromplacetoplacetocollectavarietyoflocalizedresourcesinaseasonal

round.Thearchaicperiodmarksthebeginningofthedevelopmentofregional

culturaltraditionsthatpersistintolatertimesthroughouttheeastern

woodlands.

DuringtheEarly

Archaic,sitestendtobesmallandscattered,muchlikethoseofthe

Paleo-Indianperiod.Sitesoccurprimarilyinuplandsituations,butEarlyArchaic

remainshavealsobeenfoundinrocksheltersandalonghighriverterraces.

Siteslocatedinuplandcontextsarefrequentlyconcentratednearsecondary

streamvalleysalongmajorrivers.Thevarietyofsitelocationsevidently

reflectsseasonalshiftsofsettlementsduringtheEarlyArchaic.However,in

someareas,suchasthelowerMississippiValley,whereEarlyArchaicsitesare

locatedinbottomlandsituations,variationinsettlementtypemaybemorea

reflectionoffunctionaldifferencesthanofseasonalshifts.

Duringthe

MiddleArchaic,subsistenceemphasisshiftstowardmoreintensiveutilization

oflocalizedresources,withastressonexploitingforestsandriverine

contexts.DatafromthelowerIllinoisRivervalleysuggestthatabroadspectrum

offaunawasbeingtaken,alongwithalimitednumberofhighlyproductive

floralresources,suchashickorynuts.Theappearanceofthegrindingstonein

thetoolinventoryindicatesthatnutsandseedshadbecomeanimportantpart

ofthesubsistencebase.Thebeginningofthemanufactureofworkingwasalso

animportantactivity.Basecampswithpermanenthabitationstructuresappear

aspartofthesettlementsystemandareapparentlyoccupiedformost,ifnot

all,ofayear.TheearliestburialsinIllinoisalsooccurduringthisperiod.

1Thepassagesuppliesinformationfor

answeringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

A.Bywhat

perioddidthegrindingstonetoolsbecomefeasibleintheNewWorld?

B.Howrapidly

didthepopulationoftheNewWorldgrowduringtheArchaicperiod?

C.Whattypesof

dwellingswereconstructedduringtheMiddleArchaicperiod?

D.Whywere

Archaicsettlementsfrequentlylocatednearrivers?

2Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

thefirsthumanstoentertheNewWorld.

A.liveda

largelynomadicexistence

B.subsisted

mainlyonadietofmeat

C.haveleftno

clear-cuttracesoftheirexistence

D.wereprobably

wipedoutbytheadvanceoftheglaciers

3Accordingtothepassage,subsistenceactivitiesintheArchaicperioddifferedfrom

thoseinthePaleo-Indianperiodinthatthey.

A.consisted

mainlyofactivitiesthatfollowedculturalpatternspeculiartoparticular

areas

B.were

predictedlessdirectlyupontheavailabilityofasupplyofgameanimals

C.involved

largergroupsofhumansworkingtogethercooperatively

D.involved

moreregularandmorelocalizedpatternsofgrouptravel

4Accordingtothepassage,evidencefromthelowerIllinoisRiver

ValleysuggeststhatduringtheMiddleArchaicperiod.

A.theamount

ofseasonalmigrationengagedinhumansprobablydeclined

B.the

cultivationofplantsforfoodsbecameincreasinglyimportant

C.woodworking

wasamajoroccupation

D.theideaof

anafterlifeappeared

5Thepassageismostconcernedwithdescribing.

A.thelifeof

theearliesthumanstoinhabitthenewworld

B.howhumansof

theArchaicperiodlivedandsupportedthemselves

C.archaeological

evidenceaboutthelifeofearlyhumansintheAmericanMidwest

D.thegradual

developmentoftools,farming,andsettlementsduringtheArchaicperiod

【答案與解析】

1A 由最后一段可知，磨石出現(xiàn)在“MiddleArchaic”，因此A項(xiàng)問題在文中得到了解答。

2A 由第一段可知，考古數(shù)據(jù)顯示當(dāng)時(shí)人類從事大型動(dòng)物的狩獵活動(dòng)，但是小型動(dòng)物和植物在這一時(shí)期也可能發(fā)揮著重要作用，由此可見當(dāng)時(shí)人們過著游牧生活。

3A 由第三段可知，在Archaic時(shí)期，生存活動(dòng)主要“focusedongatheringfromlocalizedareasawiderangeofwild

resources”，而且標(biāo)志著“the

developmentofregionalculturaltraditions”的開始。

4A 根據(jù)最后一段，伊利諾斯下游的證據(jù)表明，“Basecampswithpermanenthabitationstructuresappearaspartof

thesettlementsystemandareapparentlyoccupiedformost,ifnotall,ofa

year.”，也就是說人們的生存活動(dòng)趨于固定于一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

5C 文章第一段便說到美國(guó)中西部最早的人類足跡出現(xiàn)于什么時(shí)候，并在下文對(duì)那個(gè)時(shí)期人類的活動(dòng)及特征進(jìn)行了介紹。

PassageTwo

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowants

topredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspend

theirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothonthe

resourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscourage

moneyspending.

Ifaneconomist

wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stable

incomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdeclining

incomes.Actually,intheyears1947—1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrising

incomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomes

borrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearning

andspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatif

peoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Ifthey

expectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshave

shownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynot

stimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanic

inaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’ll

havetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”

Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcar.Buttheypostponedthis

purchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemaybe

resentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowing

typicalcomment,“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditional

assumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplace

shouldbeconsidered.Theinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutin

America.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,

yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsabout

savingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconducivetospendingappears

tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecome

accustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyare

likelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswith

occasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof

consumerpsychology.

6Theexampleofthemechanic’swifeis

intendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingprices.

A.peoplewith

decliningincometendtobuyless

B.peoplewith

stableincometendtoborrowless

C.Peoplewith

increasingincometendtobuymore

D.Peoplewith

moneyalsotendtobuyless

7FindingsininvestigationsinBritain

indicate.

A.certain

factorsshouldbetakenintoaccount

B.peoplein

BritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmerica

C.price

stabilityresultsfromacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology

D.occasional

discountsandsalesarenecessary

8Accordingtothepassagepeopletendto

buymorewhen.

A.pricesare

expectedtogoup

B.pricesare

expectedtogodown

C.pricesdon’t

change

D.thebusiness

policydoesn’tchange

9Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

incorrect?

A.Tostudyconsumerbehavior,onemustobtaindatabothonthe

resourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthataffectmoneyspending.

B.Peoplewith

decliningincomesborrowmost.

C.British

consumersweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingand

spendingpatterns.

D.InBritain,

thepracticeofkeepingstablepricewithoccasionalsalesordiscountsis

reasonable.

10Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.consumer’s

PurchasingPower

B.relationship

betweenIncomeandPurchasingPower

C.traditional

Assumptions

D.studiesin

ConsumerBehaviour

【答案與解析】

6D 由題干themechanic'swife定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三、四句話，意思是機(jī)修工的妻子說，價(jià)格可能上漲時(shí)，我們必須花更多的錢來(lái)購(gòu)買肉和牛奶，因而用于購(gòu)買其他東西的錢就相應(yīng)少了。她家原計(jì)劃要買的新車也推遲購(gòu)買。作者用此例來(lái)說明價(jià)格可能上漲時(shí)，人們即使有錢也不會(huì)去大量采購(gòu)。

7C 文章最后一句說到“thecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstableprices...isbased

onacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

8D 根據(jù)最后一段可知，價(jià)格穩(wěn)定能夠促進(jìn)消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)，但并不是價(jià)格不變，這應(yīng)該是一種“commonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasional

salesordiscounts”，即保持價(jià)格穩(wěn)定并不時(shí)進(jìn)行促銷或打折的商業(yè)策略，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

9B 由第二段前兩句可知，“peoplewithrising

incomes”借錢最多，所以B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。

10D 本文主要研究了英國(guó)和美國(guó)消費(fèi)者在不同條件下的消費(fèi)行為，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

PassageThree

Changesinthevolumeofunemploymentare

governedbythreefundamentalforces:thegrowthof

thelaborforce,theincreaseinoutputperman-hour,andthegrowthoftotal

demandforgoodsandservices.Changesintheaveragehoursofworkenterin

exactlyparallelfashionbuthavebeenquantitativelylesssignificant.As

productivityrises,lesslaborisrequiredperdollarofnationalproduct,or

moregoodsandservicescanbeproducedwiththesamenumberofman-hours.If

outputdoesnotgrow,employmentwillcertainlyfall:ifproductionincreases

morerapidlythanproductivity(lessanydeclineinaveragehoursworked),

employmentmustrise.Butthelaborforcegrowstoo.Unlessgrossnational

product(totalfinalexpenditureforgoodsandservicescorrectedforprice

changes)risesmorerapidlythanthesumofproductivityincreaseand

labor-forcegrowth(againmodifiedforanychangeinhoursofwork),the

increaseinemploymentwillbeinadequatetoabsorbthegrowthinthelabor

force.Inevitablytheunemploymentratewillincrease.Onlywhentotal

productivityexpandsfasterthantherateoflaborforcegrowthplustherate

ofproductivityincreaseandminustherateatwhichaverageannualhoursfall

doestheunemploymentratefall.Increasesinproductivityweremoreimportant

thangrowthofthelaborforceassourcesofthewidegainsinoutput

experiencedintheperiodfromtheendofthewartothemid-sixties.These

increasesinpotentialproductionsimplywerenotmatchedbyincreasesin

demandadequatetomaintainsteadyfullemployment.

Exceptforthe

recessionyearsof1949,1954,and1958,therateofeconomicgrowthexceeded

therateofproductivityincrease.However,inthelate1950sproductivityand

laborforcewereincreasingmorerapidlythanusual,whilethegrowthofoutput

wasslowerthanusual.Thisaccountedforthechangeinemploymentrates.

Butifpartof

thenationalpurposeistoreduceandcontainunemployment,arithmeticisnot

enough.Wemustknowwhichofthebasicfactorswecancontrolandwhichwe

wishtocontrol.Unemploymentwouldhaverisenmoreslowlyorfallenmore

rapidlyifproductivityhadincreasedmoreslowly,orthelaborforcehad

increasedmoreslowly,orthehoursofworkhadfallenmoresteeply,ortotal

outputhadgrownmorerapidly.Thesearenotindependentfactorshowever,anda

changeinanyofthemmighthavecausedchangesintheothers.

Asocietycan

choosetoreducethegrowthofproductivity,anditcanprobablyfindwaysto

frustrateitsowncreativity.However,whileareductioninthegrowthof

productivityattheexpenseofpotentialoutputmightresultinhigher

employmentintheshortrun,thelong-runeffectonthenationalinterestwould

bedisastrous.

Wemustalso

giveconsiderationtothefactthathiddenbeneathnationalaveragesis

continuousmovementinto,outof,between,andwithinlabormarkets.For

example,15yearsago,theaveragenumberofpersonsinthelaborforcewas74

million,withabout70millionemployedand3.9millionunemployed.Yet14

millionexperiencedsometermofunemploymentinthatyear.Somewerenew

entrantstothelaborforce,otherswerelaidofftemporarily.Theremainder

werethosewhowerepermanentlyofindefinitelyseveredfromtheirjobs.Thus,

theaveragenumberofunemployedduringayearunderstatestheactualvolumeof

involuntarydisplacementthatactuallyoccurs.

High

unemploymentisnotaninevitableresultofthepaceoftechnologicalchange,

buttheconsequenceofpassivepublicpolicy.Wecananticipateamoderate

increaseinthelaborforceaccompaniedbyaslowandirregulardeclinein

hoursofwork.Itfollowsthattheoutputoftheeconomy—andtheaggregate

demandtobuyit—mustgrowinexcessof4percentayearjusttopreventthe

unemploymentratefromrising,andevengreateriftheunemploymentrateisto

fallfurther.Yetoureconomyhasseldom,ifever,grownataratefasterthan

3.5percentforanyextendedlengthoftime.

Wehavenocause

forcomplacency.Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbe

neededinthefuture.

11Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageis

to.

A.criticizethe

decisionsofpastadministrationsduringrecessionyears

B.allaycurrent

fearsaboutincreasingunemployment

C.documentthe

riseofAmericanproductivitysincethewar

D.callforthe

applicationofpositiveeconomiccontrolpolicesintheyearsthatlieahead

12Thestatementthatissupportedbythe

passageis.

A.as

productivityrises,agreateramountoflaborperdollarofnationalproduct

canbeexpected

B.unemploymentfallswhenproductionexpandsfasterthanlabor

forcegrowthplusproductivityincrease,minusthefallofaverageannualhours

worked

C.reductionin

thegrowthofproductivityandacutbackinpotentialoutputareinthe

nationalinterest

D.technological

growthmust,inthelongrun,increaseunemployment

13Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage

thattheauthorwould.

A.advocateacarefullymanagedeconomy

B.preferthe

unemploymentratetoriseandfallwiththevalueofthegrossnationalproduct

asacheckonlaborcosts

C.perceive

highunemploymentasundesirablebutunavoidable

D.contendthat

manipulationofthesizeofthelaborforcewouldhavepreventedrecessionsin

theyearsnoted

14Accordingtothepassage,nationalemploymentaverages.

A.donotreveal

theactualvolumeofunemploymentduetolayoffsanddischargesduringayear

B.haveshowna

steadyincreaseinthecostofproductionoverthelasttwentyyears

C.arethebestindices

formonitoringtheactualeffectofincreasedproductivityoneconomicgrowth

D.revealthattherecessionyears

werereallyyearsofincreasedproductivityanddecreasedemployment

15Forwhichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheauthorgiveenough

informationtoprovideananswer?

A.Howcanthe

rateofgrowthofthenewentrantsintothelabormarketbecontrolled?

B.Whyhasthe

rateofgrowthoftheeconomyremainedunder3.5percentoverthelongrun?

C.Towhat

extentdidthepostwareconomyreflecttheimpactofprewareconomicpolicy?

D.Atwhatratemusttheeconomygrowinordertoavoidarisein

theunemploymentrate,ifthereisamoderategrowthinthelaborforceanda

declineinhoursofwork?

【答案與解析】

11D 本文主要討論了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與失業(yè)之間的關(guān)系，由最后一句“Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbeneededin

thefuture.”可知，作者的目的是呼吁實(shí)行積極的經(jīng)濟(jì)控制政策。

12B 由第一段可知，“Onlywhentotalproductivityexpandsfasterthantherateoflabor

forcegrowthplustherateofproductivityincreaseandminustherateatwhich

averageannualhoursfalldoestheunemploymentratefall.”，即B項(xiàng)所說內(nèi)容。

13A 第三段中作者說到“Wemustknowwhichofthebasicfactorswecancontrolandwhichwe

wishtocontrol.”，最后一段又說到“Positivefiscal,monetary,andmanpowerpolicieswillbeneededin

thefuture.”，由此可見說明作者并不喜歡高失業(yè)率，并且認(rèn)為高失業(yè)率是可以控制的。

14A 根據(jù)“nationalemploymentaverages”可定位到倒數(shù)第三段。這一段中作者最后說道“theaveragenumberofunemployedduringayearunderstatesthe

actualvolumeofinvoluntarydisplacementthatactuallyoccurs.”，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

15D 由倒數(shù)第二段可知，如果勞動(dòng)力適度增長(zhǎng)，勞動(dòng)時(shí)間減少，經(jīng)濟(jì)的年增長(zhǎng)率必須超過4%才能防止失業(yè)率升高，因此D項(xiàng)問題在文中得到了解答。

PartTwo:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandgiveashortanswertothe

eachofthequestions.(10%)

Mysuicide

attemptwhenIwasaseniorinhighschoolmusthavepuzzledthosearoundme.From

theoutside,itseemedthatIhadalotgoingforme.Ilivedinacomfortable

middleclasshomewithswimmingpool.Iwasactiveinsports,amemberofthe

NationalHonorSociety,aneditoroftheschoolnewspaper.ButIwasalso

miserable.

Iwasconvinced

thatnooneunderstoodme,especiallymyparents.Ididn’tseemuchofmy

father,whowasbusywithhiswork.MymotherhaddiedwhenIwasver