南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《240英語（二外）》歷年考研真題及詳解

2004年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院221英語（二外）考研真題及詳解PartOne VocabularyandStructureSectionADirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.(15%)1.Ifyouarealwayssittinguplateatnight,I’mafraidyoumay_____fromoverworksoon.A.fallB.descendC.sickenD.collapse【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果你總是工作到很晚，我恐怕你不久就會累倒的。collapse倒塌；（因病或虛弱）突然倒下。fall下降；摔倒。descend下降；降臨。sicken使震怒，使憤慨；慢慢病倒。2.Ifyoudon’tsweepyourroomeveryday,_____willaccumulate.A.powderB.soilC.mudD.dust【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果你每天不打掃房間，灰塵很快就會堆積。dust灰塵，塵埃。powder粉，粉末。soil土壤。mud泥。3.Movieshavebeenuniversally_____forthecrimewave.A.criticizedB.condemnedC.accusedD.blamed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：電影因犯罪率激增而遭到了廣泛批評。題中所給四個選項均有“批評，指責(zé)”之意，但用法卻各不相同。criticize批評，指責(zé)，criticizesb/sthfor(doing)sth表示“某人/某物因……而遭到批評”。condemn意為“譴責(zé)；判刑”，表示的程度較重。accuse的被動語態(tài)常與of搭配，構(gòu)成短語beaccusedof。而blame的被動語態(tài)則是用sb/sthistoblame(forsth)，表示某人/某事物（對某事）負(fù)有責(zé)任。4.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery_____aboutthefoodheeats.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.unusual【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我兄弟很喜歡吃東西，但對食物卻不怎么講究。beparticularabout對……講究，挑剔。special特別的；專門的。peculiar特殊的；奇怪的。unusual不尋常的。5.Althoughthepayisnotgood,peopleusuallyfindsocialwork_____inotherway.A.payableB.respectfulC.interestedD.rewarding【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：盡管薪水不高，但人們總能在其他方面找到社工的價值。rewarding值得的；有益的。payable應(yīng)付的。respectful有禮貌的。interested感興趣的。6.Asscheduled,thecommunicationssatellitewentinto_____roundtheearth.A.circleB.orbitC.pathD.course【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：通信衛(wèi)星進(jìn)入了預(yù)定的繞地軌道。orbit（繞地球、太陽等運(yùn)行的）軌道。circle圓；圈子。path小徑，小道。course課程；航向。7.Theautumnairfelt_____soshewenttofetchacoat.A.chillyB.coolC.shiveryD.cold【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：感受到了秋天寒冷的空氣，于是她去拿了件外套。chilly和cold都表示“寒冷的”，cold的程度要比chilly深，比如說秋天涼，通常說It’schilly.而冬天冷，就說It’scold.此處用來描述秋天的天氣，chilly為最佳答案。cool涼爽的。shivery（因寒冷、恐懼或疾?。╊澏兜模l(fā)抖的。8.Spiesmayhaveanumberof_____namesandpapers.A.artificialB.faultC.imitationD.false【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：間諜可能有許多假名和偽造的證件。artificial人造的，人工的。fault錯誤。imitation人造的；仿造的。9.Helosthis_____whenthepolicemanstoppedhim.A.temperB.moodC.spiritD.emotion【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：當(dāng)警察攔下他的時候，他大發(fā)脾氣。loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣。mood心情；心境。spirit精神。emotion情感，情緒。10.Wheredoyou_____goingforyourholidaysthisyear?A.intendB.expectC.wantD.mean【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：今年假期你打算去哪？intend打算；想要。expect期望；指望。want想要。mean意味；想要。所給四個選項當(dāng)中僅有intend能接動詞ing形式。11.Allofuswere_____thattheoldmancouldwalkonhishands.A.shockedB.amazedC.frightenedD.scared【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：那位老人居然能用雙臂倒立行走，我們對此都感到十分驚奇。amazed驚奇的。shocked震驚的；震撼的。frightened害怕的；受驚的。scared害怕的。12.Thenoisewasso_____thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.A.inaudibleB.softC.faintD.quiet【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：聲音太微弱了，只有那些聽力極好的人才能聽見。faint微弱的；模糊的。inaudible聽不見的。soft輕柔的。quiet安靜的。13.Pipes_____hotwaterfromthisboilertoeverypartofthebuilding.A.conveyB.removeC.transformD.communicate【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：鍋爐中的熱水通過管道運(yùn)送到這棟建筑的每個地方。convey傳遞；傳送，輸送。remove移走；除去。transform轉(zhuǎn)化。communicate交流，溝通。14.Camping_____includeatent,asleepingbag,arucksack,astove,andsoon.A.equipmentB.facilitiesC.instrumentsD.devices【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：野營裝備包括一個帳篷，一只睡袋，一個帆布包，一個火爐等等。equipment裝備，設(shè)備。facility設(shè)施。instrument器械；樂器。device設(shè)備，儀器。15.Theemployer______thelettertohissecretary,whowroteitdowninshorthand.A.dictatedB.examinedC.copiedD.imitated【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：老板把信件內(nèi)容口述給他的秘書，秘書速記了下來。dictate口述。examine檢查。copy復(fù)制。imitate模仿。16.Departmentstores_____theirgoodsinthewindows.A.indicateB.demonstrateC.exposeD.display【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：百貨商店把商品陳列在櫥窗里。display展覽，陳列。indicate表明，顯示。demonstrate證明；展示。expose顯露；使……暴露。17.Wecouldn’tcutthestringbecausethe_____oftheknifewasnotsharpenough.A.bladeB.sideC.edgeD.front【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：刀刃不夠鋒利，我們無法割斷繩子?！暗度小钡挠⑽谋磉_(dá)最常用的是“theedgeofknife”，blade也有“刀刃”的意思，一般側(cè)重指“刀身，刀片”。18.Competitorsforthepaintingcompetitionmust_____theirentriesbyFriday.A.giveB.offerC.grantD.submit【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：繪畫大賽的參賽者們必須在周五之前提交參賽作品。submit呈遞；提交。give給予；贈送。offer提供。grant給予；承認(rèn)。19.Ihavetowearsunglassesbecauseofthe_____ofthesun.A.flareB.glareC.glitterD.sparks【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：耀眼的陽光使我不得不戴上墨鏡。glare刺眼，耀眼的光。flare閃光。glitter閃爍，閃光。spark火花。20.Thereisaholeatthe_____oftheflowerpot.A.bottomB.basisC.groundD.depth【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：花瓶底部有一個洞。bottom底部。basis基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)。ground地面，場地。depth深度。21.Thejurycommutedtheprisoner’s_____ofdeathtooneoflifeimprisonment.A.crimeB.sentenceC.guiltyD.faulty【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：陪審團(tuán)將這名犯人的死刑減為終身監(jiān)禁。sentence判決。crime罪行。guilty有罪的。faulty有錯誤的，有缺陷的。22.Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand_____inaquietenvironment.A.beforeallB.firstofallC.afterallD.aboveall【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我想租一間這樣的房子：現(xiàn)代化、舒適，最重要的是安靜的環(huán)境。aboveall尤其是，最重要的是。firstofall首先。afterall畢竟。23.Hisfewpersonalbelongingsmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplace_____.A.ineaseB.ateaseC.witheaseD.witheasiness【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他的私人物品不多，這讓他搬家變得很容易。withease容易，不費(fèi)力地。atease安逸，舒適。24.It’s_____intheregulationsthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.A.laidupB.laiddownC.laidoutD.laidover【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：規(guī)章明確規(guī)定個人攜帶行李的最大重量為20千克。laydown闡述，聲明；規(guī)定。layup（因患病或受傷）臥床不起；儲存。layout鋪開，展開；布置。layover途中停留。25.Wehadto_____alotofnoisewhenthechildrenwereathome.A.goinforB.holdontoC.putupwithD.keeppacewith【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：孩子們在家的時候，我們不得不忍受噪音的煩惱。putupwith忍受。goinfor參加，從事；追求。holdonto堅持。keeppacewith與……保持同步。26.Whenhearrived,hefound_____theagedandthesickathome.A.nonebutB.noneotherthanC.nothingbutD.nototherthan【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：當(dāng)他抵達(dá)的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)家里只剩下老弱病殘了。nonebut只有。noneotherthan正是。nothingbut只不過；只有，用來修飾物。27.Hismarkedchangesinpersonalitywere_____byaseriesofunfortunateeventsinlife.A.broughtoutB.broughttoC.broughtupD.broughtabout【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他人生中一系列的不幸導(dǎo)致了他性格的多變。bringabout引起，導(dǎo)致。bringout使……顯現(xiàn)。bringto采用。bringup提起；養(yǎng)育。28.LastweekI_____anoldfriendofmineintheshoppingmall.A.ranoffB.ranawaywithC.ranintoD.ranover【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：上周我在商場偶遇了一位老友。runinto遇到；累計達(dá)到；偶然遇見。runoff跑掉。runawaywith和……私奔；（感情、思想等）控制某人。runover（開車）撞倒；思考。29.Isay!Haveyou_____asinglewordI’vebeensayingtoyou?A.takeninB.takenupC.takenoverD.takenoff【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我說，你有沒有記住我剛才講的一個字？takein領(lǐng)會，理解；記住。takeup開始從事；占據(jù)。takeover接管；取得對……的控制。takenoff脫下；起飛。30.Ican’t_____whathasgonewrongwiththevideotaperecorder.A.figureonB.figureupC.figureoutD.figurefor【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我搞不清楚這臺磁帶錄像機(jī)是哪里出了問題。figureout弄懂，搞清楚。figureon預(yù)料到；計劃。SectionBDirections:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.(5%)31.Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwhichtheysawmanynewproducts.A.AnumberofB.weretakentoC.whichD.saw【答案】C查看答案【解析】此處考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞，which應(yīng)改為where（或inwhich）。32.ThesheetoficethatcoversAntarcticaaccountsfor90%oftheworld’siceand68%ofit’sfreshwater.A.sheetB.coversC.accountsforD.it’s【答案】D查看答案【解析】改為its。此處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用物主代詞，it的所有格為its。33.Untilcomparativelyrecently,manwassoaccustomedtothinkinpicturesthatheinstinctivelyavoidedabstractstatementswheneverpossible.A.UntilB.thinkC.avoidedD.whenever【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定短語beaccustomedtodoing，此處think應(yīng)用ing形式。34.Hardlyhehadlefthomewhenitbegantoraincatsanddogs.A.hehadB.whenC.itD.catsanddogs【答案】A查看答案【解析】hardlywhen句式為固定的倒裝句式，had要置于he之前。35.Wheneverheworeasuitofclothesforthefirsttime,hehaditscrapedwithapieceofGlassthatitwouldnotappearnoticeablynew.A.clothesB.hadC.thatD.would【答案】C查看答案【解析】本句為目的狀語從句，that之后為動作的目的，應(yīng)使用sothat。36.Thousandsofchildrenaredenyingofdrinkingunsanitarywatereverydayinthedevelopingworld.A.ThousandsofB.ofC.inD.developing【答案】B查看答案【解析】刪去of。37.Whentheyhadfinishedtoreadthearticle,theybegantodiscussitamongthemselvesinspiteoftheirignoranceofphysiology.A.finishedtoreadB.amongC.inspiteofD.of【答案】A查看答案【解析】固定表達(dá)finishdoingsth，“完成做某事”，此處read應(yīng)用ing形式。38.Itissadtolose;butthegreatestsadnessistotravelthroughlifeandwithoutknowingeithersuccessordefeat.A.throughB.withoutknowingC.orD.defeat【答案】A查看答案【解析】through應(yīng)改為throughout，表示“有生之年”。39.Splashingwaterfromtheshowerproducesnegativechargesintheroom’sair,promotesafeelingofwell-being.A.SplashingB.producesC.promotesD.afeelingofwell-being【答案】C查看答案【解析】此處考查伴隨狀語，promote應(yīng)改為promoting。40.Educatorsarenowrecommendingthatreasoningskillsareemphasizedintheclassroomsincerecenttestsindicatethatmanyteachersinthepasthaveignoredtheseskills.A.arenowrecommendingB.areemphasizedC.sincerecenttestsD.haveignored【答案】B查看答案【解析】此處recommend引導(dǎo)的從句需要使用虛擬語氣，即shouldbeemphasized。PartTwo ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.(30%)Questions41to44arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlessextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinreturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahomethegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationonaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes.”Iftheprocessgoestoofarandmen’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecases—weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettinglittletiredof“monism”—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitfora“noe-Popism”.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—notalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzeman’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsequalresponsibilitiesisrelevantnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.41.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasksbythemotherandfatheristhat_____.A.roleofthefathermaybecomeaninferioroneB.theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferioroneC.thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeisabattleofthesexesD.sharingleadstoconstantarguing42.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather’sroleinthehomeis_____.A.minorbecauseheisanineffectualparentB.irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechildC.pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthechildD.identicaltotheroleofthechild’smother43.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?A.Healthy,cooperativefamilyisabasicingredientofahealthsociety.B.Menarebasicallyopposedtosharinghouseholdchores.C.Divisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiesisworkableonlyintheory.D.Awoman’splaceisinthehome—nowasalways.44.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Americanfamiliesthatarerunbywomenarehappier.B.TherolesofmenandwomenwillalwaysbeunequalintheAmericanhousehold.C.Bothmenandwomenplayanimportantroleinahealthyfamily.D.Womenshouldallowmentodomostoftheworkinthehome.【答案與解析】41.A 文章第一段第一句提到“Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlessextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.”，在男女角色沒有明顯劃分，家務(wù)事或多或少由男女雙方共同承擔(dān)的家庭中，男性至上的觀點(diǎn)是很難維持的。即家務(wù)事的分工會弱化男性在家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位。故本題選A。42.C 文章第三段最后一句指出“Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.”，可知男性在家庭中的地位與孩子的健康成長有著直接的關(guān)系。A、B、D項均與原文所屬內(nèi)容不符。故本題選C。43.A 文章第一段指出“Insuchahomethegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationonaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe‘battleofthesexes’”，即在平等、合作的家庭環(huán)境中長大的孩子，比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念，并做好充分準(zhǔn)備，去融入一個合作的、而不是“性別大戰(zhàn)”的社會中。B、C兩項文中未提及，而D項與文章所述內(nèi)容“Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.”相反。故本題選A。44.C 文章最后一段“theidealofequalrightsequalresponsibilitiesisrelevantnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.”點(diǎn)出了全文主旨，即權(quán)利平等、責(zé)任平等的觀念與社會以及家庭的健康發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。A、B、D三項均與主題無關(guān)。故本題選C。Questions45to48arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellastrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.45.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat_____.A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewarechiefconcernforwritersonJournalismB.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewingC.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews46.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral_____.A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewerhaslikewisebeenstrengthenedB.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattentionC.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing47.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview_____.A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson48.Thepassageismostlikeapartof_____.A.anewsarticleB.ajournalisticinterviewC.aresearchreportD.apreface【答案與解析】45.B 文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出“Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.”，如同其他領(lǐng)域，新聞行業(yè)同樣需要系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)和專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練。A、D兩項文中未提及，C項與文中所述內(nèi)容矛盾。故選擇B項。46.C 文章第二段中間部分指出“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.”，關(guān)于采訪的文獻(xiàn)有很多，但其中涉及新聞采訪的卻很少。A、D兩項文中未提及，B項與原文內(nèi)容相反。故本題選C。47.D 文章倒數(shù)第三段指出“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.”，雖然現(xiàn)在西方人對新聞采訪一點(diǎn)也不陌生，但很少有人單獨(dú)接受過大眾媒體的采訪。故本題選D。48.D 文章結(jié)尾處的“asthisbookindicates”，明確表示該文章來自一本書，并且很有可能出自序言部分。故本題選D。Questions49to52arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisanewtypeifasmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajobeither.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhentheyleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,everythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymorecomplexwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletter,whichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.1amthepersonyouarelookingfor”wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinview.Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitistheincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofcurriculumvitae.49.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirst-jobhunterswould_____.A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistoryB.passmoreexamsbeforeapplyingforajobC.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwriteD.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview50.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter_____.A.somethingthatwouldattracttoone’sapplicationB.apersonalopinionabouttheorganizationonewastryingtojoinC.somethingthatwouldoffendthepersonreadingitD.aliethatonecouldeasilygetawaywith51.Thejobhistoryhasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause_____.A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegreesB.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobadvertisedC.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadaysD.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated52.Theexpression“asyoumoveduptheladder”probablymeans_____.A.asyouobtainedhigherpositionsB.asyoubecameolderC.asyouwereunemployedforlongerperiodoftimeD.asyousentoutmoreandmorejobapplications【答案與解析】49.D 從第三段的中間部分可知，以前找工作的畢業(yè)生在面試之前只會將自己的姓名、地址、年齡和考試情況透露給對方，其他的任何信息都有必要留到面試再提。其余三項文中都未提及。故本題選D。50.A 文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到“Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletter,whichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.”，在尋求更重要的職位時，人們常常會在求職信中加上一些能讓自己與眾不同的東西。故可知本題選A。51.A 文章最后一段表明，正是因?yàn)閾碛写髮W(xué)學(xué)歷的求職者們越來越多，才使得簡歷變得愈發(fā)重要。故本題選A。52.A 結(jié)合上下文，你追求的工作更高等，相應(yīng)的求職過程也會變得更復(fù)雜。“moveduptheladder”即為追求更好的工作。故選擇A項。Questions53to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Muchofmanymanagers’timeistakenupwithmeetings.Therearemeetingswithcolleaguestoagreeacourseofaction.Therearemeetingswithsuperiorstoreportandtodiscussfuturepolicies.Therearemeetingswithsubordinates.Manywouldsaythattherearefartoomanymeetings;somewouldbeevenlesspolite.Therecan,however,benodoubtthatmeetingsarepartofeverymanager’slife.Heshouldthereforeknowhowtocopewiththem.Heshouldknowtechniquesofcommunicationinmeetings.Heshouldknowhowtousethetechniquestohisownadvantage.Itissometimessuggestedthatwhenamanagercan’tthinkwhattodo,heholdsameeting.Butmeetingsinthemselvesarenotanendproduct,nomatterwhatsomemaythink.Theyaremerelyoneofmanymeansofmanagementcommunication.Itmaywellbethataproblemcanbesolvedbyaone-to-onediscussion,face-to-face,orevenbytelephone.Iftheneedcanbemetwithoutameeting,sobeit.Letusthereforedefineameeting,inthemanagementsense,asthegatheringtogetherofagroupofpeopleforacontrolleddiscussion,withaspecificpurpose.Eachofthoseattendingthemeetinghasaneedtobethereandbothdiscussionanditsresultwouldnotbesowellachievedinanyotherway.Itisoftenadvisabletocalculatethecostofameeting.Asimplemeetingofafewpeopleonmiddle-executivesalariescansoonrunintothree-figurecostsforwagesalone.Donot,therefore,haveunnecessarypeoplesittinginatmeetingsanddoensurethatallmeetingsarebothefficientandeffective.53.Accordingtothepassage,_____.A.ameetingistobeheldwhenthemanagerdoesnotknowwhattodoB.managersarenotoftenrequiredtoattendmeetingsC.holdingameetingisanenditselfD.ameetingisintendedtobeacontrolleddiscussionwithadefinitepurpose54.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Meetingsarethemosteffectivemeansofcommunication.B.Anuncontrolledmeetingismostunlikelytobeeffectiveorefficient.C.Wherethereisaneedtobemet,thereisameeting.D.Problemsrelatingtomanagementcannotbesolvedwithoutameetingofsomekind.55.Itisimpliedinthelastfewinstancesthat_____.A.theproblemtobediscussedatameetingshouldbesimpleandthemembersofexecutivesshouldbelimitedto3innumber.B.unnecessarypeoplemaystandbutnotsitinatmeetingsC.thewagesofthemiddleexecutivesforasimplemeetingmayrangefromonetoseveralhundredUSdollarsD.Itisoftenadvisabletoinviteonlythosepeopletoameetingwhosesalariesarecomparativelylow【答案與解析】53.D 文章最后一段第一句這樣定義了會議，即“一群人為了某一具體的目的而進(jìn)行的一定范圍內(nèi)的討論”。第二段提到開會僅僅是許多管理溝通方式中的一種，并非所有問題都需要開會解決，A項過于絕對。B、C兩項與原文內(nèi)容矛盾。故本題選D。54.B 文章最后一句提到“Donot,therefore,haveunnecessarypeoplesittinginatmeetingsanddoensurethatallmeetingsarebothefficientandeffective.”，所有的與會人員都要與會議主題相關(guān)，這樣才能確保會議的有效進(jìn)行。其余三項文中都未提及。故本題選B。55.C 文章最后一段指出，在舉行會議之前最好先預(yù)算會議的開支，幾名中層管理人員在一場小型會議的工作可能就會達(dá)到三位數(shù)。A、B兩項文章未提到。D項表述過于片面，曲解了文章的意思。故本題選C。PartThree ClozeDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchooseONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.(20%)Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareais(56)______balance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspecies(57)______,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset—inother(58)______,thebalanceofnaturewillbe(59)______.Manisapartofthe(60)______andhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduring(61)______shortspanonearththan(62)______otherlivingcreature.Hehasdonethisbyhisignorance,his(63)______,histhoughtlessfoolishnessandhisuncontrolledwastefulness.Hehaspoisonedthe(64)______andpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehaswastedtheearth’snatural(65)______withnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostdevastatingwaysofkillinghisfellowmen—andeveryothersortoflifeatthesametime.Sincemanhasdonesomuch(66)______,itis(67)______tomantotrytoputmatters(68)______ifitisnotalreadytoo(69)______.Ifthereisanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsofthe(70)______,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,the(71)______.Oneofthemain(72)______oftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingataneverincreasingrate.Atthesametimeweare(73)______upournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—ataneverincreasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunableto(74)______enoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilydeteriorating(75)______thefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasthatwereoncefertilelandshaveturnedintobarrendeserts.56.A.inB.outC.ofD.off57.A.discoveredB.introducedC.broughtD.killed58.A.casesB.thoughtsC.waysD.words59.A.changedB.troubledC.disturbedD.damaged60.A.environmentB.situationC.surroundingsD.condition61.A.theirB.itsC.herD.his62.A.anyB.someC.allD.few63.A.privacyB.hopeC.greedD.desire64.A.skyB.heavenC.atmosphereD.space65.A.energyB.resourcesC.sourcesD.power66.A.destroyB.injuryC.damageD.hurt67.A.upB.dueC.atD.owing68.A.correctB.rightC.backD.forward69.A.lateB.soonC.longD.distant70.A.oldB.adultsC.youngD.future71.A.betterB.laterC.quickerD.perfect72.A.reasonsB.effectsC.resultsD.causes73.A.usingB.wastingC.givingD.drawing74.A.feelB.supportC.supplyD.provide75.A.untilB.whenC.sinceD.whereas【答案與解析】56.C 本句考查beof+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，beofbalance相當(dāng)于balanced，意為“平衡的”。故填介詞of。57.B 根據(jù)句意