不確定下的曙光-亞太半導(dǎo)體騰飛（英文版）-48正式版

AnchorofglobalsemiconductorAsiaPaci?cTakesO?ContentsPreface36AsiaPaci?cbecomesananchoringlobalsemiconductorRivalryinthe"Big4"semiconductorregionsUncertaintyBecomestheNewNormAIDrivingtheTransformationofSemiconductorManufacturingAutomotivesemiconductors13222533Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?PrefaceOverthepasthalfcentury,innovationincomputingtechnologieshaveareappliedtoarangeofvehiclesfrommanualdrivingtoautonomousdriving.Forexample,voltagecontrolandbatterymanagementallrequiresemiconductorchips,drivingdemandgrowthforautomotivechips.Intheglobalautomotivesemiconductormarket,thevalueofsemiconductorsoneachvehicleisexpectedtoincreaseten-foldby2035.Theupsurgeofintelligenthardwareandelectricvehiclesalsobringswithitsubstantialdemandforstorage.Sinceglobaldatavolumeisexpectedtoincreaseto10trilliongigabytesby2030,thedemandforintegratedchipsisalsoexpectedtoincrease.rapidlychangedsociety,especiallythesemiconductorindustrywhichisatthecoreoftechnologicalrevolution.Theconsumersidehasalwaysbeenthemostimportantforce,duetotheriseofthesmartphonesandrelatedintelligenthardware.Remotehomeo?cesandonlineschoolshavebecomethemainformsofworkingandstudyingsincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19,leadingtoskyrocketingdemandforsmartphones,tabletcomputersandothersmartelectronicdevices,therebydemandforsemiconductorchips.Intheautomotive?eld,moreandmoreelectronicdevicesFigure:ThesemiconductorindustrywillbedrivenbybothconsumerandbusinessdemandinthenextdecadeInthenextdecadeInthepast10yearsDrivenbyConsumer+CorporatedualsidesDrivers：Smartelectronicdevices,electroniccars,memorychips,AI,etc.Increaseddemandfordatacenterandedgehardware,theInternetofThingsapplicationhasincreasedsigni?cantly,themarketsdemandDrivenbyConsumerside:’forsensorscontinuestoincrease,demandforsemiconductorproductshassoared.Thepandemicbringsremoteworkingmodeandonlineschool,drivingthedemandforsmartphoneandrelatedhardware,whichincreasesthedemandforsemiconductorelements.03Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?Demandforsemiconductorsdrivenbysmartdevicesandautomobileshasforthepasttenyearspromotedthedevelopmentofthesemiconductorindustry,basedontheneedsofofThingsandinnovationaroundautomotivetechnology.Ontopofthat,withthepopularityoftheInternetofThings,marketdemandwillincreaseaccordinglywhichwillfurtherboostthehugedemandforsemiconductorproducts.consumers.However,withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftechnology,webelievethatinthenext10years,thekeydriversbehindthedevelopmentofthesemiconductorindustrywillgraduallytransferfromtheconsumersidetothe"consumer+corporatedualsides",especiallyfordigitaltechnologiessuchas5G,AIandtheInternetofThings,ofwhichutilizationwillbemoredrivenbytheenterpriseside.Someleadingindustries,suchasautomobiles,computingandmedicalcarearepushingforwardwiththewaveofAIapplication,therebypromotingthedevelopmentofAIsemiconductors.Meanwhile,AIalsoplaysanimportantroleinthedemandfordatacentersandedgehardware.Inadditiontopromotingthedevelopmentofthetelecomsindustry,theindustry-wideuseof5Gisalsoacceleratingthedevelopmentofsemiconductors,enrichingthedesignofAIInternetAsthe"Bigfour"semiconductorregions–SouthKorea,Japan,MainlandChinaandTaiwan(China)–haveplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofthesemiconductorindustryattheupstream,midstreamanddownstream,evenonagloballevel.AseriesofblackswaneventshavealsomadetheAsiaPaci?csemiconductormarketbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Wepredictthatwiththeincreasingdemandforthesemiconductormarketandincreasingstandardsfordiversi?cation,AsiaPaci?ccountrieswillacceleratethepaceofR&Dandinnovationaroundsemiconductors,inordertocompeteandexcelinsuchahighlycompetitiveenvironment.Inreturn,thiswilltransformtheAsiaPaci?cintothecornerstoneoftheworld'ssemiconductorindustry.04Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?AsiaPaci?cbecomesananchoringlobalsemiconductorBlackSwaneventsafrequentoccasionFromnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandtsunamistotheglobalpandemicandgeopoliticalissues,BlackSwaneventshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequentinrecentyears.Suchincidentshavenegativelya?ectedthesupplyanddemandofthesemiconductorindustryonaregularbasis.Forexample,demandforelectronicdeviceshasrisensigni?cantlysincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19,asconsumersneedtopurchaseelectronicdevicessuchaslaptopsandmonitorstobetteradapttoonlineworkingorstudying.SalesofhomeappliancesuchasTVsandairpuri?ersalsojumped.Withallmodernelectronicdevicesbeingequippedwithsmartchips,alongsidethedevelopmentof5Gnetworksanddatacentres,demandforsemiconductorcomponentscontinuestogrow.Further,theuncertaintiessurroundingtechnologicalcompetitionbetweenChinaandtheUShasalsointerruptedtheglobalsupplychain;forexample,smartphoneandnetworkdevicemanufacturershavestockeduponsemiconductorcomponents.Multinationalcompanieshavealsoheldinventoryvolumesabovetheirnormallevelssoastoo?setthepotentiallossduetotheuncertaintyoftheentiremarket.Thesecombinedfactorshavebeenaleadingfactorbehindthesupplyshortageofsemiconductorchips.Theseeventshaveresultedinareductioninvehicleproductionandanincreaseinthepriceofelectronics.Gameconsolemakers,forexample,wereunabletodeliver?agshipconsolestoconsumersasscheduled,whilenewsmartphonelaunchescouldnotmeetconsumerdemand.Figure:BlackSwaneventsimpactingthesemiconductorindustryGeopoliticsNatural/Man-madeDisasters?

Tradeprotection?

Techprotection?

Intellectualproperty?

Earthquake?

Tsunami?

Typhoon?

CuttingoffwaterandpowersupplyConsumerDemandCorporateDemand?

Pandemichasresultedinariseindemand?

StockuplotsofinventoriesSource:Gartner,Deloitte06Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?AsiaPaci?cbecomestheanchorofglobalsemiconductorsAsiaPaci?ctobecomethelargestsemiconductormarketSouthKorea,Japan,MainlandChinaandTaiwan(China)haveeachplayedacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofthesemiconductorindustry,fromupstreamtodownstream.AseriesofblackswaneventshavemadetheAsiaPaci?csemiconductormarketstrategicallycritical.WeexpectthatthesemiconductorindustryintheAsiaPaci?cwillgrowitsglobalshareto62%by2030,andtheglobalmarketofsemiconductorswillexceedUSD1trillion.Figure:AsiaPaci?c'sshareintheglobalsemiconductorindustry2020GlobalMarketShare2030GlobalMarketShare(Forecast)20202030Korea,19%China,15%Taiwan(China),6%Korea,20%Taiwan(China),10%Japan,10%China,5%Japan,10%Others,57%Others,40%Source:Deloitte07Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?Speci?cally,SouthKoreawilldevoteitsR&De?ortstowardsAIand5Grelatedsemiconductorproducts.Japan'sstrengthliesinsemiconductormaterials,andisstrivingforthedevelopmentofbothmid-anddownstream,aswellasrevivingitssemiconductorindustry.Meanwhile,Chinaisstrivingtowardsadevelopmentmodelofself-su?ciency.AsforTaiwan(China),althoughithasalreadyplayedaleadingroleinsemiconductormanufacturing,theislandcontinuestoreinventitselftoachieveacomprehensivetechecosystem,whiledevotingitselftotheresearchofsustainableandgreensemiconductors.ThestrengthoftheAsiaPaci?cregionwithregardstosemiconductorscanalsobeseenfromthelocationofcorporateheadquarters.In2020,therewere?veAsiaPaci?centerpriseslistedintheglobaltop15semiconductorcompaniesbyrevenue,whilethreeofthemwerelistedasthetopthree.Thetotalrevenueofthese?veAsiaPaci?ccompaniesaccountedfornearlyhalfofallglobalrevenue,andtheirannualgrowthratesrankedamongthetop15.Figure:AnnualRevenueofTop15semiconductor?rmsinAsiaPaci?c(2020)Milliondollars90,00055%80,00082,39870,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000038%56,2017%10,720JapanSouthKoreaTaiwanRevenuein2020(inmilliondollars)Percentageofthetotalrevenuein2020Source:ICInsight,Deloitte08Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?AsiaPaci?cleadsinmanufacturing,OSATandmaterialsManufacturing–SouthKoreaandTaiwan(China)playadominantroleMostoftheworld'stopchipdesigncompaniestodayrelyonmanufacturersintheAsiaPaci?cregiontomanufacturesemiconductorchips.Thetwomostin?uentialmanufacturersareTSMCandSamsung,whichcollectivelyownover70%ofthetotalmanufacturingmarket,theyhaveinrecentyearsbecometheonlysuppliersofcutting-edgechips.Inparticular,thetotalvolumeofsemiconductorchipsmadeinTaiwan(China)accountsforover50%oftheglobaltotal.Thereasonbeingthatsemiconductormanufacturingiscapital(uptotensofbillionsofdollars)andresearchintensive.Tomaintainitsdominanceinthefuture,Taiwan(China)israpidlyreinventingitstechniques,proposingthemostadvanced3nmtechnologywhichisplannedtobeimplementedinthesecondhalfof2022.Figure:ProportionofAsia-Paci?csemiconductorsectoringlobalvaluechain(2020)Japan7%SouthKorea5%Otherregions13%MainlandChina30%Taiwan(China)58.8%SouthKorea18.8%Otherregions10.1%Japan7.5%MainlandChina4.8%Taiwan(China)40%SouthKorea5%Midstream-ManufacturingDownstream-OSATOtherregions11%Taiwan(China)15%Otherregions61%MainlandChina17%MaterialsUpstream-DesignEquipmentSouthKorea21%Japan52%Taiwan(China)7%Japan6%MainlandChina5%Japan29%Otherregions63%MainlandChina1%SouthKorea2%Taiwan(China)5%09Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?Meanwhile,SouthKoreahasthesimilarstrengthsinwafermanufacturing,includingthelong-termexperience,theconstantpolicyand?nancialsupportfromgovernmentandcorporation,whichisimportanttotheinnovationinmanufacturingindustry.policiestoattracttalentwillhelpthemanufacturingindustrygrowprosperously.Inanenvironmentthatlacksthesharingoftechnologyinformation,Chinashouldcultivatemoremanufacturingtalent,whilesimultaneouslyattractingtalentfromelsewhere.Thisisbasedontheconsiderationthathumancapitalandmanufacturingcostsarestringentlyrequiredbysemiconductormanufacturers.Chinaisalsoplayingcatchupinsemiconductormanufacturing.BoththeChinesegovernment's14thFive-YearPlanwhicho?erssupporttothesemiconductorindustryandFigure:GlobalFoundryShareandWaferCapacity(2019-2030)100%90%80%70%60%50%82%83%40%30%20%10%0%79%201920252030OtherregionsInAsiaSource:SIA10Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?OSAT–Taiwan(China)andThesemiconductorindustryinTaiwan(China)developedearlyandhasmoveddownstreamtoOSATafterachievingsuccessinfoundrybusiness.Taiwan(China)isregardedasthetop-tierintheglobalOSATindustry,accountingfor44%ofthetotalmarket.However,itisfacinggrowingcompetitionfromMainlandChina,asChinahasputgreate?ortsintothedevelopmentofOSATviacross-borderM&A.Bycontrast,althoughMainlandMainlandChinataketheleadTheoutsourcedsemiconductorassemblyandtest(OSAT)industrysitsattheendofthesemiconductorvaluechain,includingbothassemblyandtesting.Assemblyaimstoprotectthesemiconductorchipsfromexternaldamage,whileenhancingtheheatdissipationperformanceofthechiptoensurethecircuitscanworksmoothly.Testing,ontheotherhand,aimstoidentifydefectsbytestingthefunctionandperformanceofthechips.ThetransitionoftheOSATindustrytoamoreadvancedmarketcanbedi?erentiatedbywirebonding.AdvancedOSAThaveoutstandingperformancewhichcontinuouslyattractsinvestmentfromOSATmanufacturers.ChinahasacquiredadvancedOSATcapabilitiesthroughmergersandacquisitions,itisstilldominatedbytraditionalformsofOSATandhasalongwaytogo.SincetheoveralltechnicallevelinMainlandChinaisbelowtheglobalstandardtoacertainextent,therevenuederivedfromtheadvancedOSATindustryonlyaccountsfor25%ofthetotalrevenue,whichislowerthantheaveragegloballevel.Inthefuture,theOSATindustryinChinafacesthechallengesoftechnicalimprovement,duetotheUS-Chinatradeandtechnologywar.TofurtherdevelopthetechniquesintoadvancedOSATandenlargeitsmarketshare,theOSATmanufacturersinChinaneedcontinuousR&D,domesticintegrationandtoproactivelycultivatetalentinthis?eld.Undersucharivalry,OSATmanufacturersinTaiwan(China)areproactivelyintegratingresources,craftingtheircompetitiveadvantagesandre-inventingthemselvesintoadvancedOSATplayersthroughhighlyautomatedproductionprocessesandtechnicalimprovements.Materials–JapandisplaysabsoluteadvantagesFigure:RevenueofadvancedOSATinChinaandaccordingproportionInthe?eldofsemiconductormaterials,100%Japanesecompaniesaccountformorethanhalfoftheglobalmarketshare.90080070060050090%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Forexample,Japanoccupiesamajoritymarketshareinareaofphotoresist,whichisthemostimportantconsumableinthephotolithographyandchipmanufacturingprocess.Semiconductormaterialshave4003002001000802extremelystrictrequirementsfor"?neness"and"formulation",requiringalargenumberofbasicscienti?cinstrumentsandlong-termtechnicalexperience.Undersuchconditions,itishardforotherregionsandcountriestocatchup.SouthKoreapreviouslyreliedheavilyonJapaninthe?eldofsemiconductormaterials.However,withJapaneserestrictionsand680526201820192020RevenueofadvancedOSAT(in100million)ProportionoftheadvancedOSATSourceFounderSecurities：11Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?sanctionsonSouthKorea'smaterials,SouthKoreastartedtoenhanceitsresearcharound"domesticmaterials"andsteppeduptheconstructionofnewsiliconwaferfactoriessoastodiversifyitssupplychannels.tiercomparedtoitsmanufacturingindustry.OnlyTaiwanhadthreeintegratedcircuit(IC)designcompaniesarelativelycompletesemiconductorlistedintop10forrevenuein2020.Thevaluechainandisaleaderinthe?eldsindustry'sdevelopedstartedearlyinanduniversitiestoconducttalenttrainingprograms.SouthKoreahasofAI,cloudtechnology,andelectricTaiwan,bene?tingfromsu?cientpolicyvehicles.Thisrichexperienceinmid-support,activepersonneltrainingandagoodmomentumofdevelopment,especiallyunderthepandemic.Taiwan'ssemiconductorvaluechainhasbeenrelativelycompleteforalongtime,andhasbeenactivelyintroducingadvancedtechnologieswhileinsistingonoriginality.Researchershaveinsistedontheirownresearchanddevelopmentwhileobtainingtechnicalsupport,andhavebeenstrivingforthedevelopmentofthedesign?eldunderthepremiseoffurtherimprovinginthemid-anddownstreamsegments.Withsupportfromthegovernment,Chinahasgraduallymadethescaleofthemid-anddownstreamclearer.Basedonthesolidfoundationsofitssemiconductorindustry,ithasbeguntoseekindependentresearchanddevelopmentinupstreamdesign.Alargenumberofsupportfundshavebeguntobeinvestedinthe?eldofdesign.Thegovernmenthasalsocomeforwardtopromotejointscienti?cresearchbetweenenterprisesanduniversitiestocreateagoodenvironment,trainhigh-techtalent,andinitiativegreatercooperationwithworld-leadingICtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentandtalentacquisition.SouthKoreacontinuestoaanddownstreamindustrieswillalsohelpthedevelopmentoftheupstreamdesign?eld.MainlandChinaaccountsforaround17%oftheglobalmarketforsemiconductormaterials,butwithautilizationrateoflessthan15%fordomesticproducedmaterialsinthesemiconductormanufacturingprocess,andevenlowerlocalizationratesinthe?eldsofadvancedindustrialprocessesandadvancedOSAT,theindustrylacksitsownautonomy.ItisthereforenecessaryfortheChinesegovernmenttopromotethedevelopmentofitssemiconductormaterialsindustry,includingthereductionorexemptionofcorporatetaxburdens,increasing?nancialsupport,andconstructinganindustrialR&Dtechnologysystem.R&DExpenditure–AsiaPaci?cenhancesinnovationR&DexpensesonglobalsemiconductorcompaniescontinuestogrowwithatotalofUSD68.4billionin2020,whichisexpectedtoreachUSD71.4billionin2021.Speci?cally,thereisanincreasingmarketshareinthesemiconductorindustryintheAsiaPaci?c,alongsideincreasinginvestmentanddevelopment.SamsunginSouthKoreaincreaseditsR&Dfundingby19%in2020inordertoacceleratethedevelopmentofcutting-edgelogicprocesses,whileTaiwan'ssemiconductormanufacturershavealsoincreasedtheirR&Dexpenditureby24%toallowtheirICmanufacturingbusinesstogrowsteadily.Inaddition,TokyoElectroninvestedJPY135billioninR&DaroundEUVhigh-endequipment,whichhelpsmanufacturemoreadvancedhigh-endchips,therebyenhancingitspositioninthesemiconductormarket.Finally,MainlandChinaisnowcatchingup.MostChinesecompanieshaveincreasedtheirR&Dbudgetforchipdesignresearch,andintherelativelymatureOSATindustryinMainlandChina,companiesaregrowingsteadilywithyear-on-yeargrowthofR&Dexpensesat20-30%.ThesemiconductorindustriesinTaiwan(China)andSouthKoreahavestrongfoundationsandoccupyadominantpositionintheirrespectiveareasofstrength,whilealsocatchingupinthematerialsmarket.Accordingtoitsproperties,semiconductormaterialishardtobedecomposed,whereasTaiwaniscommittedtosustainabledevelopment,helpingTaiwantoattractcapitalinvestmentinwhatwillundoubtedlybecomeoneofthedominantdevelopmenttrendsinsemiconductormaterials.thejointdevelopmentstragovernmentandconsortiuminsemiconductorcompanidesignresearchanddeDesign–AsiaPaci?cisrapidlyadvancingThesemiconductordesignsectorintheAsiaPaci?cregionranksassecondandtakingtheleadfo12Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?Rivalryinthe"Big4"semiconductorregionssuccessfullydriventhedevelopmentoftheentireindustrialchain,especiallytheHsinchuindustrialbasecluster,whichhasplayedacrucialroleinTaiwan'seconomicdevelopment.SincereformandopeninginChina,Chinahasrealizedtheimportanceofsemiconductors,thusthesemiconductorindustryembracedandachievedaperiodofprosperity,andevenacounter-trendsgrowth.ThesemiconductorindustryinMainlandChinahassincerapidlyformedanentirechainconsistingofICdesign,chipmanufacturingandOSAT.TheglobalsemiconductorindustryoriginatedfromtheUSinthe1950sandcompletedthe?rstindustrialtransferfromtheUStoJapanduringthe1970sand1980s.Duringthisperiod,corporatesandresearchinstitutesworkedincollaborationtoachievehugetechnicalsuccess,ledbytheJapanesegovernment.Aidedbycostandtechnology,theJapanesesemiconductorindustryexpandedrapidly.SouthKoreathenembracedthisopportunityandlaunchedaseriesofsemiconductorindustrysupportprograms,alongsidetheintroductionofconsortiumsinSouthKoreaandcountercyclicalinvestments.TheselaidthefoundationforSouthKorea'sdominanceamidabackdropofawiderindustrydownturn.ThesemiconductorindustryhasgraduallybecomethelifebloodoftheSouthKoreaneconomyandisoneofthepillarindustriesinthecountry.InTaiwan,coevalmanufacturersproactivelyintroducedtechnologyandindependentR&D,startingwithOSAT.ThisenabledthesemiconductorindustryinTaiwantogrowrapidlyandhelpedgraduallyestablishtheentirevaluechaincomprisingOSAT,manufacturinganddesignindustries.TSMChasFigure:ExportandImportvaluesofsemiconductorinBig4semiconductorregionsinAsiaPaci?c.Figure:ProportionofsemiconductorinGDPinAsia-Paci?cregion8%7%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%40003500300025002000150010005000ChinaTaiwan(China)SouthKoreaJapanValueofSemiconductorimportValueofSemiconductorexportSource:DeloitteSouthKoreaTaiwan(China)JapanChinaSource:Deloitte13Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?ExportsofsemiconductorsplayanimportantroleinthetopfourAsiaPaci?cregions.Comparedtoallthreeotherregions,Taiwanhasmaintainedarelativelyhighexportvolume,followedbyMainlandChina,SouthKoreaandJapan.SemiconductorexportsinChinahave?uctuatedsigni?cantlyoverthepastdecadeandgrewsubstantially.Nevertheless,importsofsemiconductorsintoChinaarehigherthanthatofotherregions.AccordingtoChinaCustomsdata,thetotalvalueofChina'schipimportsreachedUSD304billion,farexceedingthesecond-rankedcrudeoilimports.Fromtheperspectiveofthetosubstantiallyexpandsupportindustry'sdevelopmenttrajectory,thegovernmentplaysacrucialroleinpromotingthesemiconductorsectorintheAsiaPaci?cregion.MainlandChina,Japan,SouthKorea,Taiwanandotherregionshavepolices.CompaniesinTaiwan(China)plantoinvestoverUSD107billiononsemiconductorsby2025.Atthesametime,China'sfoundry,OSATandanumberofIDMmanufacturersareproactivelyraisingfundstoexpandproduction.ThesecondphaseoftheNationalFundwasalsoapprovedin2018,whichmeansUSD30billionfromthesecondphaseofthisfundwillbeinvestedinthesemiconductorindustryoverthenextfewyears.successivelyreleasedinvestmentplans,establishedtaxreductionandexemptionpolicies,andtalenttrainingplansinordertoconsolidatethesemiconductorvaluechain.Inthenextdecade,theSouthKoreangovernmentwillworkincollaborationwithlocalcompaniessuchasandSKHynixtoinvestKRW510trillion(USD450billion)onestablishmentoftheworld'slargestsemiconductorindustrysupplychain,whichenablesSouthKoreatoconsolidateitspremierpositionintheinsemiconductorstorageindustry.Meanwhile,SouthKoreaalsoplanstoattractmoreadvancedtechnologyinvestmentfromabroad.JapanhasalsosetupafundofJPY200billionandplansEachofthetopfoursemiconductorregionshastheirownstrengths.SouthKorea'ssemiconductorindustryishighlyspecialized,includingdesign,manufacturingandprocessing.FromSamsungElectronics'YonginandHwaseongwaferproductionbaseslocatedinGyeonggiProvincetoSKHynix'swaferproductionbasesinChungcheongbuk-do,theirfactoriesaresurroundedbycomprehensivesupportingenterprises,formingaThesemiconductorindustriesinSouthKoreaandTaiwan(China)constitutealargeproportionoftheirrespectiveGDPs.SouthKorea'ssemiconductorindustryislargeinscale.Alarge-scaleandstablesemiconductorvaluechaincanbeformedandsemiconductorcityclusterscanbeformedbetweencities,basedonthecompetitivenessofitscorporatequantitiesandexperience.Taiwan(China)hasestablishedarelativelycompletesemiconductorindustrycluster,whichisthelargestsemiconductorfoundryregion.ThesemiconductorindustriesinJapanandChina,bycontrast,contributerelativelylowerproportionofGDP.Japan'seconomyismainlyconcentratedintheindustrialandservicesectors,anditsonlycompetitiveadvantageliesinupstreamsemiconductormaterials,whileitdoesn'tenjoyanyadvantagesinotherindustries.ThereasonswhyChina'ssemiconductorsectordoesn'tcontributealottoitsGDParethatChina'sGDPhasalargebaseanditssemiconductorindustryisstillinthedevelopingstage.AlthoughthedevelopmentofChina'ssemiconductorsectorcontinuestoaccelerate,itstillcannotplayanin?uentialroleinGDPgrowthintheshortterm.Figure:GovernmentinvestmentinthesemiconductorindustryintheAsiaPaci?cBilliondollars602.0504030201001.841.81.014.012.01.31.235.231.118.350.95201820192020ChinaTaiwan(China)JapanKoreaSourceNationalBureauofStatistics,SIA：14Anchorofglobalsemiconductor-AsiaPaci?cTakesO?Figure:DistributionoftheBig4semiconductorregionsintheAsiaPaci?cCountry/RegionMainareasCharacteristicsMainenterprisesRegionGyeonggiProvinceMemorychip?

Owningmorethan60%ofsemiconductorequipmentcompanies?

Samsung?

Hwaseongwaferproductionbase?

SKHynix?

Establishedfourlargesemiconductormanufacturersandabout50upstreamanddownstreamsuppliersSouthKoreaIcheonBaseChungcheongdoareaSemiconductorproductionequipment?

Factoriesaresurroundedbyvarioussupportingenterprises.Semiconductorindustryclusterwillbebuiltby2030?

SKHynixWaferProductionBaseKyushuSiliconIslandWafermanufacturing?

Accountfor5%ofglobalsemiconductoroutput.?

Sonymaterialsandphotoresist?led?

Focusonproductionandassembly?

ToshibaJapanTokyoSemiconductor?

Coating/imagingequipment,heattreatment?

TokyoElectronicsmanufacturingprocessHsinchuScienceParkFoundryandOSAT?

Developmorethan70%oftheworld’sinformation?

TSMCtechnologyproducts?

MediaTekSouthScienceandTechnologyIndustrialPark(Nanke)CircuitsandOptoelectronics?

MachineryandbiotechnologydeterminethepositionofTaiwan’sflat-paneldisplayindustryintheworld?

InnoluxTaiwan(China)CentralScienceandBiotechnology,Integrated?

Istheworld’slargestgatheringplacefor12-inch?

RuijingTechnologyIndustrialCircuit,computerandotherwaferfabs?

WinbondPark(Zhongke)industriesComprehensivedevelopment?

ZhangjiangHigh-techParkisthelargestTheYangtzeRiverDeltawithShanghaiasitscenter?

SMICofvaluechainconsistingofbasicdesign,manufacturing,OSATsemiconductorindustryclusterinthemainland?

HuaHong?

HualiChinaMicroelectronicsPan-PearlRiverDeltaApplication?eldsofintegrated?

Improvetheshortcomingsofthechipvaluechain?

ZTEMicroelectronicswithShenzhenasthecircuitscenteranddevelopindependentcoretechnologies?

HuaweiMainlandChinaBohaiRimwithBeijingICdesignindustryasthecenter?

Istheregionwiththem