2023年重慶考研英語二真題及答案

2023年重慶考研英語二真題及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglishHere’sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday:you’retheCEOofasmallbusinessandthoughyou'remakinganice1,youneedto?ndawaytotakeittothenextlevel.whatyouneedtodois2growthbyestablishingagrowthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembersfromdi?erentdepartmentswithinyourcompany,anditharnessesthepowerofcollaborationtofocus3on?ndingwaystogrow.Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,thesoftwarecompanyBitTorrenthad50employees.Workinginthe5departmentsofengineering,marketingandproductdevelopment.Thisbroughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,whentheirgrowthplateaued.The6wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasic,freeversionoftheirproduct.And7improvementstothepremium,paidversion,fewpeopleweremakingtheupgrade.Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeprojectmarketingmanagercameaboard,9agrowthteamandsparkedthekindof10perspectivetheyneeded.Bylookingatengineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,itbecameclearthatthe11ofupgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Mostcustomersweresimplyunawareofthepremiumversionandwhatito?ered.Armedwiththis12,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforcestoraiseawarenessbyprominently13thepremiumversiontousersofthefreeversion.14,upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.Butinorderforyourgrowth,teamtosucceed,itneedstoahaveastrongleader.Itneedssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeepthemoncourseforimprovement.Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,setcleargoalsandestablishatimeframeforthe17ofthesegoals.Thisgrowthleaderisalso18forkeepingtheteamfocusonmovingforwardandsteerthemclearofdistractions.19attractive,newideascanbedistracting,theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon’t20thecurrentgoalandneedtobeputonthebackburner.1.A.purchaseB.pro?tC.connectionD.bet2.A.de?neB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides8.A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed10.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal11.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring14.A.AsaresultB.AtanyrateC.BythewayD.Inasense15.A.uniteB.?nanceC.followD.choose16.A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden17.A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable19.A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter【1】B.pro?t原文提到“小公司的CEO也掙到了大錢”。makeanicepro?t意為“掙得可觀的利潤”，故選pro?t。【2】C.prioritize原文提到“所需要做的是通過建立一個發(fā)展小組來優(yōu)先促進(jìn)增長”。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“優(yōu)先性”，故選prioritize。【3】A.exclusively原文提到“利用合作的力量來專注于專門尋找增長的方法”。exclusively表示“獨占地，專門地”，符合題意。【4】D.example原文提到“來看一個現(xiàn)實生活中的例子”，此處通過舉例子來例證上文的觀點，故選example。【5】D.traditional原文提到“50名雇員在工程、市場營銷與產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等傳統(tǒng)部門工作”。traditional表示“傳統(tǒng)的”，符合題意?！?】D.problem原文提到“問題是太多的顧客可以免費使用其產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)免費版本”。上文指出最開始卓有成就，但后來陷入了瓶頸期，所以，此處應(yīng)銜接具有產(chǎn)生什么樣的問題。故選problem。【7】A.despite原文提到“雖然對于付費版本做出了一定的改善，但是幾乎沒有人進(jìn)行升級”。此處前后形成讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，故選despite?！?】B.however原文提到“但是自從一位創(chuàng)新的海外經(jīng)理人的到來使得事情發(fā)生了改變”。此處考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，上文指出改善沒有得到公眾的買賬，而海外人才的引入?yún)s改變了這一些，所以，此處應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞，故選however。【9】B.created原文提到“這名經(jīng)理人創(chuàng)建了發(fā)展團(tuán)隊”。此處與首段establishagrowthteam形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選created?！?0】C.fresh原文提到“引發(fā)了一個他們所需要的新鮮視角”。創(chuàng)新人才的加入勢必會給團(tuán)隊帶來新鮮血液。此處與本段innovative形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選fresh?！?1】C.lack原文提到“缺少升級的原因并不是由質(zhì)量問題多導(dǎo)致，而是大部分消費者沒有這方面的意識”。上文提到很少有消費者進(jìn)行升級，所以產(chǎn)品缺少升級，故選lack。【12】D.insight原文提到“具備這種洞察力，市場營銷和工程部門加入到了團(tuán)隊之中”。此處與上文freshperspective形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，新鮮的看法預(yù)示著對事情有了更獨到的見解，故選insight。【13】C.promoting原文提到“將免費版本升級成優(yōu)質(zhì)版本”。此處與后文upgrade形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選promoting?！?4】A.Asaresult原文提到“因此，升級量激增”。此處考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系，由于版本變得更加優(yōu)質(zhì)，所以選擇升級的人數(shù)數(shù)量在增加，因此應(yīng)填入因果邏輯詞，故選asaresult?！?5】A.unite原文提到“需要一個人來聯(lián)合來自跨學(xué)科的組別”。上文leader一詞提示，員工之間需要團(tuán)結(jié)才能成功。unite意為“聯(lián)合”，符合題意?！?6】B.identify原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域”。下文指出設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以在設(shè)立目標(biāo)之前應(yīng)確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域，故選identify。

【17】D.accomplishment原文提到“建立時間框架賴完成這些目標(biāo)”。上文提到設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以此處應(yīng)表示實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選accomplishment?！?8】B.responsible原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要負(fù)責(zé)去帶領(lǐng)整個團(tuán)隊一起前進(jìn)”。beresponsiblefor意為“對……負(fù)責(zé)”，符合題意?！?9】C.while原文提到“雖然很有吸引力，但是新的想法會讓人分心”。此處體現(xiàn)句間的讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，故選while?！?0】A.serve原文提到“一些想法不能服務(wù)目前的目標(biāo)，并且需要暫時擱置”。即想法和目標(biāo)無法實現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，所以需要暫停，故選serve。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText1\21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass_A.isharmfultotheenvironmentB.isahottopicingardeningcirclesC.isoverpraisedintheannualshowD.isruiningtheviewofWestLondon【21】A.isharmfultotheenvironment解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問RHS對于plasticgrass塑料草的看法。通過RHS和plasticgrass定位，鎖定句子“TheRoyalHorticulturalSociety(RHS),whichrunstheannualshowinwestLondon,saysithasintroducedthebanbecauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.”核心句意“由于塑料草對環(huán)境和生物多樣性造成的破壞，RHS出臺了這項禁令。”文章中becauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.對應(yīng)A選項isharmfultotheenvironment。damage和harmful為同義改寫。\22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealedthecampaigners’A.disappointmentwiththeRHSB.resistancetofakegrassuseC.angerovertheproposedtaxD.concernaboutrealgrasssupply【22】B.resistancetofakegrassuse解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干petitions(請愿書)和campaigners(運動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)進(jìn)行定位。通過campaigners所在句子“TheRHS’sdecisioncomesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfakegrasscauses.”得知，campaigners試圖提高人們對假草造成的問題的認(rèn)識。下文petitions所在句子，詳細(xì)說明提升對假草問題的具體方式：Itistryingtoencouragepeopletosigntwopetitions,onecallingforabanonthesaleofplasticgrassandanothercallingforan“ecologicaldamage”taxonsuchlawns.即“呼吁禁止銷售塑料草，和呼吁對此類草坪征收“生態(tài)破壞”稅”。只有B選項resistancetofakegrassuse(對假草使用的抵制)，對定位句進(jìn)行了同義改寫。\23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout__A.thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrassB.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrassC.thewaytotakecareofarti?ciallawnsD.thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

【23】B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問假草支持者的觀點態(tài)度。通過第4段內(nèi)容可概括出“天然草坪也會對環(huán)境造成影響，并且真正的草需要大量的水、除草劑或其他處理。”只有B選項thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass(種植真草的缺點),是對文章的同義概括。\24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoarti?cialgrass?A.UrgelegislationtorestrictitsuseB.TakemeasurestoguaranteeitsqualityC.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.D.Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives.【24】C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問“政府會如何處理人造草?”通過government和arti?cialgrass定位，從文章中得知“政府沒有計劃禁止使用人造草，并且人工草地的使用必須遵守現(xiàn)有的法律和政策保障措施。文章中的complywiththelegalandpolicy(遵守法律和政策)與B選項Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.(提醒用戶遵守現(xiàn)有規(guī)則。)是同義改寫。\25.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrassA.isbeingimprovedcontinuouslyB.hasseenamarketsharedeclineC.isbecomingincreasinga?ordableD.hasbeenacontroversialproduct【25】D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct.解析：該題為主旨題，問通過文章可以得出什么關(guān)于假草的結(jié)論。本題考查對文章主旨和段落大意的把握。文章闡述了RHS，假草支持者，和政府對于假草的不同態(tài)度，其中RHS禁止假草的使用，而政府表明沒有禁止計劃。各方觀點明確并闡述了理由。因為文章是圍繞fakegrass展開爭議，因為答案是D，是“有爭議性的產(chǎn)品”。Text226.WhatproblemareUSnationalparksfacedwith?A.Declineofbusinesspro?ts.B.Inadequatecommercialization.C.Lackoftransportationservices.D.Poorlymaintainedinfrastructure.【26】DPoorlymaintainedinfrastructure.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問美國國家公園面臨著什么問題，根據(jù)problem,USnationalparks回到原文定位，文中提到：“美國國家公園正處于危機(jī)之中。他們總共有超過120億美元的維護(hù)費用積壓下來沒有撥款?！?U.S.nationalparksareincrisis.Collectively,theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12billion.)所以美國國家公園面臨著維護(hù)缺錢的問題，即基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)不良。27.Increasedprivatizationofthecampgroundsmay.A.spoilvisitorexperienceB.helppreservenatureC.bringoperationalpressureD.boostvisitstoparks【27】A.spoilvisitorexperience解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問增加露營地的私有化可能會如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞privatization，thecampgrounds回到原文定位，文中提到：“增加私有化肯定會削弱每年3億游客來公園的主要原因之一:享受自然，從淹沒日常生活的商業(yè)鼓聲中得到喘息?！?increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercutoneofthemajorreasonswhy300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:toenjoynatureandgetarespitefromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelms

dailylife.)所以增加露營地的私有化可能會讓游客仍然受到商業(yè)的影響，不能更好地享受自然，即破壞游客體驗。28.AccordingtoParagraph5,mostrespondentsinthesurveywouldA.gotothenationalparksonaregularbasis.B.advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks.C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.D.supportthenationalparks’recentreforms.【28】C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞respondents，thesurvey回到原文定位，文中提到：“約81%的受訪者表示，他們愿意在未來10年繳納額外的稅款，以避免任何削減國家公園的開支?！?Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbewillingtopayadditionaltaxesforthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothenationalparks.)所以調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會愿意額外繳納稅款，即同意為國家公園支付額外的費用。29.ThenationalparksarevaluableinthattheyA.leadthewayintourism.B.havehistoricalsigni?cance.C.sponsorresearchonclimateD.provideanincomeforthelocals.【29】B.havehistoricalsigni?cance.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園很有價值因為它們怎么樣，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparks，valuable回到原文中定位，文中提到，這些公園還有助于讓美國的歷史充滿活力，與全國數(shù)千個地方司法機(jī)構(gòu)合作，保護(hù)包括埃利斯島和葛底斯堡在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡，并讓這些地方的故事變得生動起來?！?TheparksalsohelpkeepAmerica’spastalive,workingwiththousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountrytoprotecthistoricalsites—includingEllisIslandandGettysburg—andtobringthestoriesoftheseplacestolife.)所以國家公園很有價值因為它們有助于讓美國的歷史充滿活力，保護(hù)歷史遺跡，即有歷史意義。30.ItcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthenationalparksystemA.isabletocopewithsta?shortage.B.isabletomeetvisitor’sdemands.C.isinneedofanewpricepolicy.D.isinneedofafundingincrease.【30】D.isinneedofafundingincrease.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園體系如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparksystem回到原文中定位，文中提到：“國會每年只給國家公園系統(tǒng)撥款30億美元——這一數(shù)額自2001年以來一直沒有變化(以通貨膨脹調(diào)整后的美元計算)，除了2009年作為奧巴馬刺激計劃一部分的一次增加。與此同時，自1980年以來，每年的游客數(shù)量增長了50%以上，現(xiàn)在每年達(dá)到3.3億人次。”(Congressallocatesonly$3billionayeartothenationalparksystem—anamountthathasbeen?atsince2001(inin?ation-adjusteddollars)withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin2009aspartoftheObamastimuluspackage.Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvisitorshasincreasedbymorethan50%since1980,andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.)可以得知，國家公園體系得到的撥款每年基本上保持不變，然而參觀公園的游客再增長，所以國家公園體系需要撥款資金的增加。Text3\31.Sparrow’sstudyshowthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrainwillA.analyzeinformationindetailB.collectinformatione?ciently

C.switchitsfocusofmemoryD.extenditsmemoryduration【31】C.switchitsfocusofmemory解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Sparrow的研究表明在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，人類大腦會怎樣。通過Sparrow定位，最終鎖定第一段最后一句，即對研究結(jié)論的表“humanmemoryisnotdeterioratingbut"adaptingtonewcommunicationstechnology,"人類的記憶并沒有退化，而是“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”。CD選項都提到了memory,C是轉(zhuǎn)換大腦記憶焦點，D是延長大腦記憶時間。文章中的“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”對應(yīng)C選項“轉(zhuǎn)換焦點?！?，因此答案是C。\32.Theprocessof“cognitiveo?oading”___A.helpsusidentifyfalseinformationB.keepsourmemoryfromfailingC.enablesustoclassifytrivialfactsD.lessensourmemoryburdens【32】D.lessensourmemoryburdens解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過cognitiveo?oading定位。文章描述“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在成為我們記憶的外部硬盤，這一過程被稱為“cognitiveo?oading”。傳統(tǒng)上，這一角色是由數(shù)據(jù)庫、圖書館和其他人類完成的。例如，你的父親可能永遠(yuǎn)不會記得生日，因為你的母親會記得?！奔碿ognitiveo?oading可以幫助儲存部分記憶，即對應(yīng)D選項“減輕我們的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)”。\33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSparrowssupportabouttheInternet?A.ItmayreformourlearningapproachB.ItmayimpactoursocietynegativelyC.ItmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnologyD.Itmayinterferewithourconceptualthinking【33】A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過Sparrows進(jìn)行定位，本句話表明了Sparrows的觀點：“thetrendwillchangeourapproachtolearningfromafocusonindividualfactsandmemorizationtoanemphasisonmoreconceptualthinking”“也許，她建議，這一趨勢將改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，從關(guān)注個人事實和記憶轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)殛P(guān)注更多的概念思維”。A選項Itmayreformourlearningapproach(它可能會改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式)是對文章的同義改寫。\34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInterneta?ectsourbrains_A.requiresfurtheracademicresearchB.ismoststudiedinolderadultsC.isre?ectedinourreadingspeedD.dependsonourweb-sur?nghabits【34】A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch解析：該題為推斷題。段首句明確表示“還有其他專家表示，現(xiàn)在了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何影響我們的大腦還為時過早?！薄選項“需要進(jìn)一步的學(xué)術(shù)研究”是對文章的同義改寫。\35.NeitherSparrowsnorStormwouldagreethat__A.ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostlyB.theInternetisweakeningourmemoryC.memoryexerciseisamustforourbrainsD.ourabilitytofucusdeclineswithage

【35】B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory解析：該題為觀點對比，問Sparrows和Storm都不會同意什么。Sparrows認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，Storm在文章最后一段表明觀點。"TheremaybecostsassociatedwithourincreasedrelianceontheInternet,butI'dhavetoimaginethatoverallthebene?tsaregoingtooutweighthosecosts,"“我們對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的依賴增加可能會帶來一些成本，但我不得不想象，總的來說，收益將超過這些成本?！?，因為Storm也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。即兩人都沒有認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有害，對應(yīng)B選項theInternetisweakeningourmemory，即都不會認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在削弱我們的記憶。Text436.AccordingtoParagraph1,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto.A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.B.seetheworldinanunreasonableway.C.havefondmemoriesoftheirpast.D.showa?ectionfortheirparents.【36】A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往會如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children，adolescence回到原文中定位，文中提到：“在青春期，無助和依賴成年人的孩子成為獨立的人，他們可以照顧自己，互相幫助。與此同時，曾經(jīng)快樂順從的孩子變成了叛逆的冒險家，往往到了自我毀滅的地步。(Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwhohavereliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverythingbecomeindependentpeoplewhocantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesametime,oncecheerfulandcompliantchildrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers,oftentothepointofself-destruction.)所以進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往發(fā)展出相反的人格特征。37.ItcanbelearnedformParagraph2thatCrone’sstudyA.exploresteenagers’socialresponsibilities.B.examinesteenagers’emotionalproblems.C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.D.highlightsnegativeadolescentbehavior.【37】C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Crone的研究如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’sstudy回到原文中定位，文中提到：“這項研究是對青春期思考的新浪潮的一部分。很長一段時間以來，科學(xué)家和政策制定者都認(rèn)為青少年是一個需要解決的問題。這項新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，青春期是一個充滿機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險的時期?！?Thestudyispartofanewwaveofthinkingaboutadolescence.Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicymakersconcentratedontheideathatteenagerswereaproblemthatneededtobesolved.Thenewworkemphasizesthatadolescenceisatimeofopportunityaswellasrisk.)所以Crone的研究和以往對于青春期的思考不一樣，即為青春期提供了一個新的見解。38.WhatdoesCrone’sstudy?ndaboutprosocialbehavior?A.Itresultsfromthewishtocooperate.B.Itiscultivatedthrougheducation.C.Itissubjecttofamilyin?uence.D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.【38】D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問關(guān)于親社會的行為，Crone的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’sstudy，prosocialbehavior回到原文中定位，文中提到：“有趣的是，這項新研究表明，親社會行為也存在同樣的模式。青少年比年幼的兒童或成年人更有可能報告他們做過無私地幫助朋友等事情?！?thenewstudyshowsthat,interestingly,thesamepatternholdsfor

prosocialbehavior.Teenagersweremorelikelythanyoungerchildrenoradultstoreportthattheydidthingslikeunsel?shlyhelpafriend.)所以相比幼童和成人，青少年更容易做出親社會的行為，即親社會的行為往往在青春期達(dá)到頂峰。39.ItcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagersA.overstresstheirin?uenceonothers.B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.C.becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture.D.endeavortoliveajoyfullife.【39】B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.解析：該題為推理題，問青少年如何，文中提到：“青少年對社會獎勵特別敏感——贏得比賽，給新朋友留下深刻印象，讓那個男孩注意到你?！?Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocialrewards—winningthegame,impressinganewfriend,gettingthatboytonoticeyou.)這些都是說青少年在乎社會獎勵，即社會認(rèn)可。40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.B.Whyteenagersaresensitive.C.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.【40】A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.解析：該題為主旨題，第一段開頭提到青少年是矛盾的，中間部分通過實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)主要討論青少年自相矛盾的表現(xiàn)，最后部分探討了青少年自相矛盾產(chǎn)生的原因。所以這篇文章主要討論了青少年為什么是自相矛盾的。PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergye?ciencyaresettoincreasethepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsandloftconversionsonexistingones.Therules,whichcameintoe?ectonWednesdayinEngland,arepartofgovernmentplanstoreducetheUK’scarbonemissionstonetzeroby2050.Theysetnewstandardsforventilation,energye?ciencyandheating,andstatethatnewresidentialbuildingsmusthavechargingpointsforelectricvehicles.Themovesarethemostsigni?cantchangetobuildingregulationsinyears,andindustryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherpricesatatimewhenashortageofmaterialsandhighlabourcostsisalreadydrivingupbills.BrianBerry,chiefexecutiveoftheFederationofMasterBuilders,atradegroupforsmallandmedium-sizedbuilders,saysthemeasureswillrequirenewmaterials,testingmethods,productsandsystemstobeinstalled.“Allthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.Inevitably,consumerswillhavetopaymore,”hesays.GarethBelsham,ofsurveyorsNaismiths,sayspeoplewhoareupgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlya?ected.

“Thebiggestchangesrelatetoheatingandinsulation,”hesays.“Therearenewrulesconcerningtheamountofglazingusedinextensions,andanynewwindowsordoorsmustbehighlyinsulated.”Thechangescouldmeananextra￡3,000addedtothebillofanaveragehomeextension,accordingtoJonathanRolandeoftheNationalAssociationofPropertyBuyers,agroupofprofessionalsaimedatraisingconstructionstandards.Homeownersextendingmayseetheamountofspacetheyhavedecrease,aswallswillhavetobethickerinordertocomplywithrequirementsforbetterinsulation.AndrewMellor,ofPRParchitects,saysexternalwallswillneedtobeabout7cmthickerthanpreviously.Windowsanddoorswillhavetoadheretohigherstandards,whiletherearenewlimitsontheamountofglazingyoucanhavetoreduceunwantedheatfromthesun.ThomasGoodman,ofMyJobQuote,asitewhichsourcesquotes,saysthiswillbringinnewrestrictionsforextensions.“Glazingonwindows,doorsandrooflightsmustcovernomorethan25%ofthe?oorareatopreventheatloss,”hesays.Aspropertiesbecomemoreairtight,therearealsomeasurestoensureproperair?ow,suchashavingsmallopenings(tricklevents)onwindowsthatallowventilationwhenawindowisclosed.Forpeopleextendingtheirhomes,theymayberequiredtoinstallanew,orreplacement,heatingsystemdependingonthesizeofthebuild,saysBelsham.Thesewillhavetouselowertemperaturewatertodeliverthesameheat,whichwillrequireincreasedinsulationofpipes.“We’llseemoreinsulation,betterlightingdesignandrestrictionsontheamountofglassusedinsomeareas.Butwithmorethermal-e?cienthomescancometheriskofoverheatingduetosolargain,andsoventilationisalsocovered,”saysRolande.“Asaresult,double-glazedwindowswillrequiretrickleventstoletheatescapeandalsotoprovidefreshairforhealthreasonsand,ofcourse,toreducetheriskofcondensationbuildupinanever-moreairtightproperty.”Astherulescameintoe?ectlastWednesday,propertydeveloperswererushingto?leplansjustbeforethedeadline,accordingtoBelsham.Anyplanssubmittedbeforethatdateareconsideredtobeunderthepreviousrules,andcangoaheadaslongasworkstartsbefore15Junenextyear.Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthankstothenewregsBuilderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenot?ledthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates,saysMarcusJe?ordofBuildAviator,whichpricesprojects.Asthechangesareaimedtomakehomesmoreenergye?cient,theywilleventuallydrivedownheatingbills.Butintheshort-termhomeownersarelikelytofacehighercostsforwork.Materialspricesarealreadyup25%inthelasttwoyears,accordingto?guresfromtheConstructionProductsAssociation.Howmuchoverallpriceswillincreaseasaresultoftherulechangesisnotclear.“Whileadmirableintheirintentions,theywilladdtothecostofhousebuildingatatimewhenmanyalreadyfeelthattheyarepricedoutofhomeownership,”saysRolande.“Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthankstothenewregs.”

JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslaw?rm,believespriceswilleventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture.“Asthemarketplaceadaptstothenewrequirements,andthetechnologiesthatsupportthem,thescalingupofthesetechnologieswilleventuallybringcostsdown,butintheshortterm,wewillallhavetopaythepriceofthenecessarytransition,”hesays.However,thelong-terme?ectsofthechangeswillbemorecomfortableandenergy-e?cienthomes,addsMellor.“Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,buttheywillhavethatbene?tovertime.”【41】DThenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigherlevel.根據(jù)題干BrianBerry進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“Allthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.”，即在價格已經(jīng)高得離譜的時候，所有這些都會增加成本。對于消費者而言，新政策的發(fā)布會讓原本就很高的房價繼續(xù)攀高。D項為原文的同義改寫，故D項正確?！?2】FThenewruleswilla?ectpeoplewhosehomeextensionsincludenewwindowsordoors.根據(jù)題干GarethBelsham進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“peoplewhoareupgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlya?ected”，即考慮升級或者擴(kuò)建房屋的人們會受到影響。F項為原文的同義改寫，故F項正確?！?3】BBuilderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheirprojects.根據(jù)題干MarcusJe?ord定位定位，原文提到“Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenot?ledthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates”，即已經(jīng)估算項目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新的估算。B項為原文的同義改寫，故B項正確。【44】ATheriseofhomepricesisatemporarymatter.根據(jù)JohnKelly進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslaw?rm,believespriceswilleventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture.”，即房價最終一定會下降，但并不是在短期之內(nèi)。所以，房價的下跌只是一個時間問題。A項為原文的同義改寫，故A項正確?！?5】GTherulechangeswillbene?thomeownerseventually.

根據(jù)AndrewMellor進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“”Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,buttheywillhavethatbene?tovertime.”，即隨著時間的推移，房主很可能會通過節(jié)省能源賬單來收回這筆費用。目前情況顯然會很不穩(wěn)定，但隨著時間的推移，他們會從中受益。G項為原文的同義改寫，故G項正確。SectionIIITranslation【46】Inthelate18thcentury,WilliamWordsworthbecamefamousforhispoemsaboutnature.AndhewasoneofthefoundersofamovementcalledRomanticism,whichcelebratedthewondersofthenaturalworld.Poetryispowerful.Itsenergyandrhythmcancaptureareader,transportthemtoanotherworldandmakethenseethingsdi?erently.Throughcarefullyselectedwordsandphrases,poemscanbedramatic,funny,beautiful,movingandinspiring.Nooneknowsforsurewhenpoetrybeganbutithasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,evenbeforepeoplecouldwrite.Itwasawaytotellstoriesandpassdownhistory.Itiscloselyrelatedtosongandevenwhenwrittenitisusuallycreatedtobeperformedoutloud.Poemsreallycometolifewhentheyaverecited.Thiscanalsohelpwithunderstandingthemtoo,becausetherhythmandsoundsofthewordsbecomeclearer.第一段簡單介紹了一下威廉·華茲華斯以及引出話題詩歌。18世紀(jì)晚期，威廉·華茲華斯因其關(guān)于自然的詩歌而聞名。他是浪漫主義運動的創(chuàng)始人之一，該運動頌揚自然世界的奇跡。第二段概說詩歌的作用。詩歌是有力量的。它的能量和節(jié)奏可以吸引讀者，將讀者帶到另一個世界，讓他們以不同的方式看待事物。通過精心挑選