職業(yè)英語第二冊(cè)u(píng)nit 6-Reading and Writing

UnitSixUnit6

Contracts

GettingThingsReady1ThingstoDo2ThingstoWrite3MoreThingstoDo4CareerSkillDescriptionSection1

GettingThingsReadyunderstandtheformatandkeytermsofacontract

discussthetermsofacontract(price,order,size,delivery,payment)

completeacontract

Inthisunit,youwilllearn:nextSection1

GettingThingsReadyActivity2:ReadthepassageinSection2andcompletethefollowingparagraph.

Section1

GettingThingsReady

ThiscontractismadeonDecember12,2008betweenJohnsonCompanyandtheGuangdongHua

HaiCompany.TheSellerhas1______tosell220setscopierstotheBuyer.ThetotalFOBpriceisUSD510,000.The2______istocommencewithin30-40days.TheBuyershall3_____a100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavoroftheSeller.TheSellerortheBuyershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryorbreachofcontractforanyreasonduetoForceMajeure.Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,the4______shallbesubmittedtoarbitration.The5_________shalltakeplaceinChinaandbeconductedbytheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionofCCPIT.agreedshipmentopendisputesarbitration

backSection2

ThingstoDo

ThingstoDoActivity2

ListenandWriteReadandThinkActivity1backstipulateabidebyinaccordancewithsubmit

arisefrominfavourofissueeffect

confirm

Section2

ThingstoDo

Activity1ListenandWrite.commence

backSection2ThingstoDo

Question3

Howtoreducerisksifyouaregoingtosignabusinesscontract?Question2Whatdoyouthinkshouldbeincludedinacontract?Question1Doyouknowanyoftheformatandkeytermsofacontract?ReadandThinknextSection2ReadandThinkPurchaseContract

No:20081212190Date:December12,2008ThiscontractismadeonDecember12,2008inGuangzhou,betweenJohnsonCompany(hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller)andtheGuangdongHua

HaiCompany(hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer)wherebytheSellerhasagreedtosellandtheBuyerhasagreedtobuycopiers(hereinafterreferredtoascontractedproduct).Thequality,specifications,quantityofthecontractedproducthavebeenconfirmedbybothPartiesandthiscontractissignedwiththefollowingtermsandconditions:wSection2ReadandThink1.ContractedProduct:copiers2.Quantity:220(twohundredandtwenty)sets3.Origin:Germany4.Price:USD510000FOB5.ShipmentShipmentistocommencewithin30-40daysfromthedateofreceiptofletterofcredit6.InsuranceTobeeffectedbytheBuyer.7.PackingInnewwoodencases,freeofcharge.wSection2ReadandThink8.PaymentTheBuyershallopena100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavouroftheSellerwithin5calendardaysfromdateoftheagreementthroughtheissuingbank.9.ForceMajeureTheSellerortheBuyershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryorbreachofcontractforanyreasonduetoForceMajeurewhichmayincludewar,strike,lockout,governmentimportorexportrestriction,severedestructionbyfireorbloodorothernaturalfactorsbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.10.ArbitrationAlldisputesordivergencesarisingfromtheexecutionofthecontractshallbesettledthroughfriendlydiscussionbetweenbothParties.Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,wSection2ReadandThink

thedisputesshallbesubmittedtoarbitration.ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinChinaandbeconductedbytheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionofCCPIT.11.ValidperiodThecontractwillautomaticallybecomenullandvoidshouldtheBuyerfailtoopenaletterofcreditinfavoroftheSellerwithin7(seven)daysaftersigningofthiscontract.Thiscontractismadeinduplicate;bothPartieshavereadcarefullyandagreedtoabidebyallthetermsandconditionsstipulatedtherein.ThecontractissignedbybothParties.TheSeller:JohnsonCompanyTheBuyer:GuangdongHua

HaiCompany(358words)translationbackwSection2ReadandThinkTask1Testyourproblem-solvingability.WhatisCCPIT?

next

CCPIT:ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade

中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)EstablishedinMay1952,ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade(CCPIT)comprisesVIPS,enterprisesandorganizationsrepresentingtheeconomicandtradesectorsinChina.ItisthemostimportantandthelargestinstitutionforthepromotionofforeigntradeinChina.

TheaimsoftheCCPITaretooperateandpromoteforeigntrade,touseforeigninvestment,tointroduceadvancedforeigntechnologies,toconductactivitiesofSino-foreigneconomicandtechnologicalcooperationinvariousforms,topromoteSection2ReadandThinkthedevelopmentofeconomicandtraderelationsbetweenChinaandothercountriesandregionsaroundtheworld,andtopromotethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenChinaandpeoplesandeconomicandtradecirclesofallnationsaroundtheworld,inlinewithlawandgovernmentpoliciesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

WiththeapprovaloftheChinesegovernment,theCCPITstartedtoadoptaseparatename:ChinaChamberofInternationalCommerce(CCOIC)in1988,whichisusedsimultaneouslywiththeCCPIT.TheCCPITadmitsnewmembersfromamongenterprisesinallpartsofChinaandpromotestradethroughitsfunctionsofinformationconsultation,exhibition,legalassistance,etc.Section2ReadandThink

Task2

Tellwhetherthe

followingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTforTrueandFforFalse.1.Thecontractedproductsshouldbedeliveredwithin30-40daysfromthedateoftheSeller’sreceivingofletterofcredit.2.TheinsuranceofthecontractedproductsistobeeffectedbytheSeller.3.TheBuyershouldpayforthepackingofthecontractedproducts.4.TheSellershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryifthecontractedproductsareseverelydestroyedbyflood.5.ThecontractwillautomaticallybecomeinvalidshouldtheBuyerfailtoopenaletterofcreditinfavouroftheSellerwithin7daysaftersigningofthecontract.6.BoththeBuyerandtheSellerhavereadcarefullyandagreedtoabidebyallthetermsandconditionslistedinthecontract.TTFFTTnextSection2ReadandThinkTask3Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.1.Whenandwhereisthecontractsigned?

ThecontractissignedonDecember12,2008inGuangzhou.

2.Whatistheoriginofthecontactedproducts?

Germany.3.Whatisthepaymentterm?TheBuyershallopena100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavoroftheSellerwithin5calendardaysfromdateoftheagreementthroughtheissuingbank.nextSection2ReadandThink4.Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,howshouldthePartiesdealwiththedisputes?BothPartiesshouldsubmitthedisputestoarbitration.5.Whereshouldthearbitrationbeconducted?ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinChinaandbeconductedbytheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionofCCPIT.6.Haveyoueversignedacontract?Whatisit?Open.nextSection2ReadandThinknextTask4MatchAwithB.

1-g2-b3-h4-f5-j6-a7-i8-c9-d10-eSection2ReadandThinkTask5

Fillintheblankswiththerightwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Accordingtothecontract,theinsuranceofthecontractedproductsshouldbe_____________bytheseller.2.Johnisgoingto___________businessasatradernextmonth.3.Thecountry’seconomicdifficulties____________thereducedvalueofitsmoney.4._________________thecontract,thegoodswillbedeliveredonDec.26.

confirm

commence

effect

issue

infavourof

arisefrom

submit

inaccordancewithabidebystipulate

effectedcommencearisefrom

inaccordancewithSection2ReadandThink5.Thenote-____________bankinChinaisthePeople’sBankofChina.6.Thetermsandconditionsofthecontractare_____________bybothParties.7.TheBuyershouldopenanirrevocableletterofcredit______________theSellerwithin7days.8.Itwas________________thatthepaymentshouldbemadewithin5days.9.IfdisputesordivergencescannotbesettledthroughfriendlydiscussionbetweenbothParties,theyshouldbe__________tothelawcourt.10.Everycitizenshall______________thelaws.issuingconfirmedinfavourofstipulatedsubmittedabidebybackSection3

ThingstoWrite

ThingstoWriteActivity2:

AppliedWritingContractsCompletethecontractActivity1:Task-basedWritingbackSection3

ThingstoWriteActivity1:Task-basedWriting.ContractsTask1Studythefollowingtipsforwriting.Task2Studythefollowinglanguageforwriting.Task3Studythefollowingmodelforwriting.Task4Writeacontract.backSection3

ThingstoWrite

Whenwritingacontract,youshouldincludethefollowing:1.Preamble(導(dǎo)言):title,contractnumber,dateofsigning,signingparties,placeofsigning,whereasclauseandsoon.2.Body:contractedproduct,quality,quantity,packing,price,shipment,payment,insurance,inspection,claim,forcemajeure,arbitration,governinglawandsoon.3.Witness:

concludingsentence,signiture,sealandsoon.backTask1Studythefollowingtipsforwriting.Section3

ThingstoWriteWordsandphrases:hereinafterreferredtoas以下簡稱whereby鑒于enterintoforce（合同）開始生效contractedproduct合同貨物FOB離岸價(jià)CIF到岸價(jià)duty(進(jìn)出口貨)關(guān)稅handlingcharges手續(xù)費(fèi)，裝卸費(fèi)，搬運(yùn)費(fèi)letterofcredit信用證sightdraft即期匯票contractedobligations合同義務(wù)forcemajeure不可抗力arbitration仲裁nullandvoid失效induplicate一式兩份Task2Studythefollowinglanguageforwriting.Section3

ThingstoWriteSentencepatterns:hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller/BuyerTheinsuranceistobeeffectedbytheBuyer.TheSellershouldtakecareofthequality,quantity,packing,andshipping.Thegoodsshouldbepackedinnewwoodencases,freeofcharge.TheSellerortheBuyershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryorbreachofcontractforanyreasonduetoForceMajeure.Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,thedisputesshallbesubmittedtoarbitration.Thiscontractismadeinduplicate,bothPartieshavereadcarefullyandagreedtoabidebyallthetermsandconditionsstipulatedtherein.backSection3

ThingstoWrite

Task3Studythefollowingmodelforwriting.

ABCCompany(hereafterreferredtoasPartyA,representedbyMr.Jones)andGuangdongImportandExportCorporation(hereafterreferredtoasPartyB,representedbyMr.ZhaoXiaoming)haveenteredintothiscontractafterfriendlynegotiationsbetweenrepresentativesofbothPartieswiththefollowingtermsandconditions:1)TheSellerwillarrangeandsell320setsofprintingmachinesinthefollowingtwofiscalyears;2)TheSellershouldtakecareofthequality,quantity,packing,andshipping;3)TheBuyershouldpaytheSellerbyirrevocableL/Candtakecareoftheinsurance;Section3

ThingstoWriteback4)Claimshallbemadewithin10daysofgoods’arrival;5)Neitherpartyshallbreakthecontractwithoutmutualagreement;6)ThepresentcontractiswritteninEnglishandeachpartyshallkeeponeofthem.7)Thepresentcontractisvalidfor2years,afterwhichitmaybeextended,amendedordiscontinued.8)Thecontractshallenterintoforceimmediatelyaftersigningbytherepresentativesofbothparties.TherepresentativeofPartyA:JonesTherepresentativeofPartyB:ZhaoXiaomingDec.12,2008Dec.12,2008Asthe1)__________ofPartyB,PartyAagreesto2)_____HD-16machinestoPartyB3)_____________US$10000each.ThedeliveryprocedureisthatPartyAshall4)____________theHD-16machineswithinonemonthafterPartyBhasmade5)___________accordingtothecontract.Thetechnical6)_______ofdeliveryofHD-16machinesare7)______________inbothParties’previouscontract.Section3

ThingstoWrite

request

supplyatthepriceofdeliverprepaymenttermsstipulatedSection3

ThingstoWriteContractedproducts:HD-16machinesUnitprice:US$10000.008)______________________:300setsTotalamount:US$3mThecontractedpaymentdateofeachinstallmentis9)______fromthedateof10)___________ofthiscontract.backQuantity:300setscalculatedsigningSection4

MoreThingstoDoMoreThingstoDoActivity2:ReadingMoreFocusonGrammarActivity1:back

Task1Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromtheboxbelow.Article(條款)ThreeThetotalamountofthiscontract1______________uponbybothPartiesisUS$3mwhichisthetotalFOBpriceofHD-16machines,i.e.thetotaldeliverypriceatHuangpuPort.Theabove2________________pricedoesnotincludetrainingexpensesbutincludesthefollowingexpenses:1.ThetotalpriceofHD-16machinesunderthiscontract;Section4

MoreThingstoDodueagreedcontractedenterintoforceobligationmentionedsigningchargeperformanceensuregothroughstipulatedagreedmentionedSection4

MoreThingstoDo

2.Insurancepremium(保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))incurredbetweentheconstructionperiodandthesigningofacceptancecertificate(驗(yàn)收證明書);3.Alltaxes,dutiesandhandlingchargeinconnectionwiththe3____________ofthiscontractwithinPartyA’scountryshallbeborne(負(fù)擔(dān))byPartyA;4.Taxes,duties,transportationexpenses,insurancepremium,andhandling4_________outsidePartyA’scountryaswellasallbankchargesinconnectionwiththeperformanceofthiscontractshallbebornebyPartyB.performancechargeSection4

MoreThingstoDoArticleFourInorderto5______________continuousproductionandtheperformanceofdeliveryprocedures6__________inthiscontract,PartyBagreestoundertake(履行)the7____________specifiedinthefollowingterms.1.Thetotalamountofpaymentunderthiscontractshallbesettled(支付)inU.S.Dollars.The8___________timeofpaymentandsumofeachinstallment(分期付款)areasfollows:2.20%ofthetotalamountasprepayment,whichamountsto(總計(jì))US$600000shallbepaidwithinonemonthafter9____________thiscontract,i.e.notlaterthanMay20,2008.ensurestipulatedobligationduesigningSection4

MoreThingstoDo

3.Thefirstinstallmentof20%ofthetotalamount,whichamountstoUS$600000shallbepaidwithinthreemonthsaftersigningthiscontract,i.e.notlaterthanJuly20,2008.4.Thesecondinstallmentof20%ofthetotalamount,whichamountstoUS$600000shallbepaidwithinfivemonthsaftersigningthiscontract,i.e.notlaterthanSeptember20,2008.5.Thelastinstallmentof40%ofthetotalamount,whichamountstoUS$1200000shallbepaidwithintwomonthsafterdeliveryofthe10____________goods,i.e.notlaterthanNovember20,2008.contractednextSection4

MoreThingstoDoTask2Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.TheexpensewhichisnotincludedintheFOBpriceofthecontractedgoodsis__________.A)thedeliverypriceB)theinsurancepremiumincurredbetweentheconstructionperiodandthesigningofacceptancecertificateC)thetrainingexpensesD)taxes,duties,transportationexpenses,insurancepremium,andhandlingchargeoutsidePartyA’scountrySection4

MoreThingstoDo2.20%ofthetotalamountasprepayment,whichamountstoUS$600000shallbepaidbefore__________.A)May20,2008B)June20,2008C)July20,2008D)August20,2008Section4

MoreThingstoDo3.Beforethelastinstallmentofthetotalamountispaid,PartyBwillhavepaidPartyA___________.A)US$600000B)US$1200000C)US$1800000D)US$3000000Section4

MoreThingstoDo4.Theword“incurred”initem2,ArticleThreemostprobablymeans_________.A)happenedB)causedC)lostD)damagedSection4

MoreThingstoDo5.Fromthepassageweknowthatthecontractissignedin__________.A)MayB)JulyC)SeptemberD)AprilbackSection2ReadandThinkPurchase

Contract

No:20081212190Date:December12,2008ThiscontractismadeonDecember12,2008inGuangzhou,betweenJohnsonCompany(hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller)andtheGuangdongHua

HaiCompany(hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer)wherebytheSellerhasagreedtosellandtheBuyerhasagreedtobuycopiers(hereinafterreferredtoascontractedproduct).Thequality,specifications,quantityofthecontractedproducthavebeen

confirmed

byboth

Partiesandthiscontractissignedwiththefollowingtermsandconditions:backSection2ReadandThink1.ContractedProduct:copiers2.Quantity:220(twohundredandtwenty)sets3.Origin:Germany4.Price:USD510,000FOB5.ShipmentShipmentistocommence

within30-40daysfromthedateofreceiptofletterofcredit6.InsuranceTobe

effected

bytheBuyer.7.PackingInnewwoodencases,freeofcharge.backSection2ReadandThink8.PaymentTheBuyershallopena100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavourof

theSellerwithin5calendardaysfromdateoftheagreementthroughthe

issuing

bank.9.ForceMajeureTheSellerortheBuyershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryorbreachofcontractforanyreasonduetoForceMajeurewhichmayincludewar,strike,lockout,governmentimportorexportrestriction,severedestructionbyfireorbloodorothernaturalfactorsbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.10.ArbitrationAlldisputesordivergencesarisingfrom

theexecutionofthecontractshallbesettledthroughfriendlydiscussionbetweenbothParties.Incaseofno

settlement

canbereached,backSection2ReadandThink

thedisputesshallbesubmitted

toarbitration.ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinChinaandbe

conducted

bytheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionofCCPIT.11.Valid

periodThecontractwillautomaticallybecomenullandvoid

shouldtheBuyerfailtoopenaletterofcreditinfavoroftheSellerwithin7(seven)daysaftersigningofthiscontract.Thiscontractismadeinduplicate;bothPartieshavereadcarefullyandagreedtoabideby

allthetermsandconditionsstipulated

therein.ThecontractissignedbybothParties.TheSeller:JohnsonCompanyTheBuyer:GuangdongHua

HaiCompanybackSection2LanguageStudypurchase：n.formal

theactofbuyingsomething買，購買

Forexample：

Pleasefillinthedateofpurchase.請(qǐng)?zhí)钌腺徺I日期。

Whatagoodpurchase!買得真便宜！backSection2LanguageStudycontract：n.aformalwrittenagreementbetweentwoormorepeople,whichsayswhateachpersonmustdofortheother合同；契約

Forexample：

Pleasereadthecontractcarefullybeforeyousignit.簽署合同之前請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀。

WehavemadeacontractwithJohnsonCompany.我們已與約翰遜公司簽署了合約。backSection2LanguageStudyhereinafter:

ad.

【law】

laterinthisofficialstatement,documentetc.以下,在下文中

Forexample：

JohnsonCompany,hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller…約翰遜公司（以下簡稱賣方）···MissJones,hereinafterreferredtoas“theinsurer”…瓊斯小姐（以下簡稱投保人）···backSection2LanguageStudy

confirm：v.tosaythatsomethingisdefinitelytrue確認(rèn)；認(rèn)可

Forexample：

Thequality,specifications,quantityofthecontractedproducthavebeenconfirmedbybothParties.合同貨物的質(zhì)量、性能、數(shù)量經(jīng)雙方確認(rèn)。

I’mcallingtoconfirmthedateoftheshipment.我打電話確認(rèn)一下裝運(yùn)日期。backSection2LanguageStudy

party:n.oneofthepeopleorgroupsinvolvedinanargument,agreementetc.（合同、訴訟等的）一方,當(dāng)事人Forexample：

Thecontractissignedbybothparities.雙方簽署合約。

Accordingtothecontract,PartyAshallberesponsiblefortheloss.根據(jù)合約，甲方應(yīng)為損失負(fù)責(zé)。backSection2LanguageStudy

commence:

v.formaltobeginorstartsomething開始，著手Forexample：Shipmentistocommencewithin30-40daysfromthedateofreceiptofletterofcredit.裝船應(yīng)于收到信用證后30至40天內(nèi)予以辦理。

Youmaycommencereading,Mary.瑪麗，你可以開始閱讀了。backSection2LanguageStudyletterofcredit：anofficialletterfromabankallowingaparticularpersontotakemoneyfromanotherbank信用證Forexample：TheBuyershallopena100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavoroftheSellerwithin5calendardays.買方應(yīng)在5天（公歷日）內(nèi)開出以賣方為受益人，保兌的總金額100％的、不可撤消的信用證。

Thebuyershallpayforthegoodsinletterofcredit.買方應(yīng)用信用證支付貨款。backSection2LanguageStudy

insurance:

n.themoneythatyoupayregularlytoaninsurancecompany保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)Forexample：

TheinsuranceistobedonebytheBuyer.保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)由買方承擔(dān)。

Doyouhaveinsuranceonyourcar?你的車有沒有投保？backSection2LanguageStudy

effect:v.formaltomakesomethinghappen實(shí)現(xiàn),使生效，引起Forexample：TheinsuranceofthegoodsshallbeeffectedbytheBuyer.貨物的保險(xiǎn)由買方辦理

Thetemperatureofteneffectsachangeofthestateofmatter.溫度常常引起物態(tài)的變化。backSection2LanguageStudy

freeofcharge:atnocost免費(fèi)Forexample：Thegoodsshallbepackedinnewwoodencases,freeofcharge.貨物應(yīng)用新木箱免費(fèi)裝箱。

Yourorderwillbedeliveredfreeofchargein7days.您的訂單將于7天后免費(fèi)發(fā)貨。backSection2LanguageStudy

issue:

v.toofficiallyproducesomethingandmakethemavailableforpeopletobuy出版，發(fā)行Forexample：

Thebuyer’sletterofcreditisissuedbyBankofChina.買方的信用證是由中國銀行開具的。

RMBisissuedbythePeople’sBankofChina.人民幣是由中國人民銀行發(fā)行的。backSection2LanguageStudyirrevocable:

a.thatcannotbechangedorstopped不可撤銷的Forexample：TheBuyershallopena100%confirmed,irrevocableletterofcreditinfavoroftheSeller.買方應(yīng)開出以賣方為受益人，保兌的總金額100％的、不可撤消的信用證。

Herlifewassetonanirrevocablecourse.她的生活道路不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。backSection2LanguageStudyengagein:to

takepartinorbeoccupiedinsth.參加;從事Forexample:Weengageinbothexportandimportbusiness.我們進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)都做。Theyalsoengageinvariouskindsofsidelineproduction.他們也從事各種副業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

backSection2LanguageStudy

infavourof:madeouttothebenefitof（支票等）以···為受款人Forexample：TheletterofcreditshallbeissuedinfavouroftheSeller.應(yīng)當(dāng)以賣方為受益人開具信用證。HedrewacheckinfavourofJohn.他開了一張以約翰為受款人的支票。backSection2LanguageStudy

forcemajeure:

n.不可抗力

Forexample:TheSellerortheBuyershallnotberesponsiblefornon-deliveryorbreachofcontractforanyreasonduetoForceMajeure.賣方或買方均不能承擔(dān)由于不可抗力的任何原因所造成的無法交貨或違約。

ForceMajeuremayincludewar,strike,lockout,governmentimportorexportrestriction,severedestructionbyfireorbloodorothernaturalfactorsbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.不可抗力可能包括戰(zhàn)爭、罷工、封鎖、政府對(duì)進(jìn)出口的限制、火災(zāi)或水災(zāi)或人類所不能控制的自然因素所造成的嚴(yán)重破壞。backSection2LanguageStudy

breach:

n.anactionthatbreaksalaw,rule,oragreementbetweenpeople,groups,orcountries破壞，違反

Forexample:Whichpartyshouldberesponsibleforthebreachofthecontract?哪一方應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)違反合約的責(zé)任？

PartyAshallnotberesponsibleforthebreachofthecontract.甲方不應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)違反合約的責(zé)任。backSection2LanguageStudylockout:

n.aperiodoftimewhenacompanydoesnotallowworkerstogobacktoworkuntiltheyacceptitsworkingconditions停工(業(yè)主為抵制工人的要求而停工)Forexample:ForceMajeuremayincludewar,strike,lockoutandsoon.不可抗力可能包括戰(zhàn)爭、罷工、封鎖等等。backSection2LanguageStudyrestriction:

n.aruleorsystemthatlimitsorcontrolswhatyoucandoorwhatisallowedtohappen管制，限定

Forexample:Thegovernmentplacedrestrictionsontheexportoftheoil.政府對(duì)石油的出口實(shí)行了限制。

Whenyoudriveonahighway,weshouldobeythespeedrestrictions.在公路上駕駛時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守限速規(guī)定。backSection2LanguageStudyarbitration:

n.theprocessofjudgingofficiallyhowanargumentshouldbesettled仲裁，公斷

Forexample:Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,thedisputesshallbesubmittedtoarbitration.如經(jīng)協(xié)商不能解決時(shí)，則提交仲裁解決。

ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinPartyA’scountry.仲裁應(yīng)在甲方所在國進(jìn)行。backSection2LanguageStudydispute:

n.asituationinwhichtwocountriesorgroupsofpeoplequarrelordisagreewitheachother爭端，爭論

Forexample:Howshallthedisputesbesettled?爭端應(yīng)當(dāng)如何解決？

Thereisaborderdisputebetweenthetwocountries.這兩個(gè)國家存在邊界爭端。backSection2LanguageStudydivergence:

n.adifferencebetweentwoormorethingssuchasopinionsorinterests分歧

Forexample:AlldisputesordivergencesofthecontractshallbesettledthroughfriendlydiscussionbetweenbothParties.合同所發(fā)生的一切糾紛分歧，雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商的方法解決。

Thedivergencebetweenthetwocountriesispartlybecauseofalackofmutualunderstanding.這兩個(gè)國家之間的的分歧部分是由于缺乏了解造成的。backSection2LanguageStudyarisefrom：tobecausedorstartedby（由）引起，（由···）產(chǎn)生

Forexample:AnydisputesarisingfromtheexecutionofthecontractshallbesettledthroughfriendlydiscussionbetweenbothParties.任何由于執(zhí)行合同所發(fā)生的糾紛，雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商的方法解決。

Accidentscanarisefromcarelessness.粗心大意會(huì)造成事故。backSection2LanguageStudysettlement:

n.anofficialagreementordecisionthatendsanargumentbetweentwosides解決，和解

Forexample:Incaseofnosettlementcanbereached,thedisputesshallbesubmittedtoarbitration.如爭端經(jīng)協(xié)商不能解決時(shí)，則提交仲裁解決。

Finallytheyreachedasettlementinthetradewar.他們最終在這場(chǎng)貿(mào)易大戰(zhàn)中達(dá)成了和解。backSection2LanguageStudysubmit:

v.togiveaplan,pieceofwrittingetc.tosomeoneinauthorityforthemtoconsiderorapprove提交，呈遞

Forexample:Hedecidedtosubmitthecasetothecourt.他決定向法院起訴。

YourapplicationshouldbesubmittedbyFriday.你應(yīng)當(dāng)不遲于周五遞交申請(qǐng)。backSection2LanguageStudyconduct:

v.tocarryoutaparticularprocess,especiallyinordertogetinformationorprovefacts控制，管理

Forexample:ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinChinaandbeconductedbytheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission.仲裁地點(diǎn)在中國，由對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)仲裁。

Thecompanyconductedasurveyaboutthediethabitsofthelocalpeople.公司對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊娘嬍沉?xí)慣進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。backSection2