2019外研社版高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit 1 A new start 知識(shí)清單(教師版)

閱讀單詞認(rèn)讀facilityn.設(shè)施enginen.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),引擎insectn.昆蟲butterflyn.蝴蝶postern.海報(bào)badmintonn.羽毛球draman.戲劇bandn.樂隊(duì),樂團(tuán)photographyn.攝影inneradj.(想法或情感)未表達(dá)出來的,隱藏的,內(nèi)心的dinosaurn.恐龍dolphinn.海豚rainbown.彩虹skateboardingn.滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)committeen.委員會(huì)ratev.對(duì)……作評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)單詞識(shí)記senioradj.(地位、水平或級(jí)別)高的,高級(jí)的n.較年長(zhǎng)的人campusn.校園momentn.某一時(shí)刻authorn.作者,作家panicn.驚恐,驚慌calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的,沉著的debatev.討論,辯論gymn.體育館,健身房pianon.鋼琴stagen.舞臺(tái)topicn.話題,論題gainv.獲得,贏得schedulen.計(jì)劃表,進(jìn)度表,日程表awardn.獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)賞opportunityn.機(jī)會(huì),時(shí)機(jī)subscribev.訂閱(報(bào)紙或雜志)viewn.(一次)觀看formeradj.從前的sightn.看到,看見figurev.認(rèn)為,以為particularadj.特定的,特指的n.細(xì)節(jié)neatadj.好的,令人愉快的specificadj.具體的,特定的journaln.日記,日志junioradj.低年級(jí)的strugglev.奮斗,拼搏forwardadv.向前exchangev.意見、信息等交流核心詞匯拓展curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn.好奇心;求知欲impressionn.印象,感想→impressvt.給……留下深刻的好印象→impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的traditionn.傳統(tǒng);風(fēng)俗→traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的eagernessn.熱切,渴望→eageradj.渴望的;渴求的→eagerlyadv.熱切地;渴望地explorev.考察,探險(xiǎn)→explorationn.探險(xiǎn);探索;探測(cè)→explorern.探險(xiǎn)家collectionn.作品集;收集物;收藏品→collectvt.收集;收藏organisev.組織→organisern.組織者→organisationn.組織→organisedadj.有組織的;有條理的;有秩序的breathev.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathlessadj.上氣不接下氣的challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challengingadj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的pressuren.壓力→pressv.按;壓descriptionn.描述,描寫,敘述,形容→describev.描述;描繪confidentadj.自信的→confidentlyadv.自信地→confidencen.自信心;信任arguev.爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)辯→argumentn.爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)辯sharpadj.銳利的;鋒利的;敏銳的,聰明的→sharpenv.削尖;磨快;使尖銳;變鋒利→sharplyadv.急劇地;鮮明地;嚴(yán)厲地intelligentadj.有智慧的,聰明的→intelligencen.智慧investigatev.查明,調(diào)查→investigationn.調(diào)查variousadj.各種各樣的,各種不同的→varietyn.多樣性,種類→varyv.變化;相異,不同volunteern.志愿者v.自愿做→voluntaryadj.自愿的;志愿的;無償?shù)腶pplyv.申請(qǐng)→applicationn.申請(qǐng)→applicantn.申請(qǐng)者graduatev.畢業(yè)→graduationn.畢業(yè)frightenedadj.受驚的;害怕的→frightenvt.使驚嚇;嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的selectv.挑選,選擇→selectionn.挑選,選擇;選拔memorisevt.記住→memoryn.記憶力;記憶→memorialn.紀(jì)念碑(或像等);紀(jì)念物;紀(jì)念品adj.紀(jì)念的;悼念的improvev.改進(jìn),改善→improvementn.進(jìn)步performancen.(工作或活動(dòng)中的)表現(xiàn)→performv.表現(xiàn);表演→performern.表演者核心短語(yǔ)速記seniorhigh高中onebyone依次地,一個(gè)接一個(gè)地butterfliesinone’sstomach情緒緊張,心里發(fā)慌inpanic驚慌地goallout全力以赴,竭盡全力inparticular尤其,特別referto參考,查閱;提到,談到lookforwardto(興奮地)期待,盼望dependon依賴takepartin參加,參與abandonvt.放棄;拋棄;遺棄abnormaladj.反常的abolishvt.廢除;廢止abruptlyadv.突然地;意外地abstractn.摘要adj.抽象的absurdadj.荒謬的;可笑的abundantadj.大量的;充足的;豐富的acceleratevt.&vi.加快;加速accessibleadj.易接近的;易相處的accompanyvt.陪伴;伴奏accomplishvt.完成;實(shí)現(xiàn)accountn.賬目;描述;解釋IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.(bedoing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……)我正在瀏覽公告牌上的照片,身后忽然傳來一個(gè)聲音。Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ))由于緊張,我深吸了一口氣。It’safantasticopportunityfornewstudentstogettoknowtheschoolandtheotherstudents.(不定式作后置定語(yǔ))這是新生了解學(xué)校和認(rèn)識(shí)同學(xué)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。ButthenIfiguredI’dbetterjustgoalloutandseewhathappens.(what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)不過接著我就覺得,最好還是全力以赴考考看。There’salwaysawaytobepartofsomethingyoulove,isn’tthere？(therebe句型)對(duì)于自己熱愛的事情,總是有辦法參與其中,不是嗎？Lookingbackonmyhighschoollife,themostimportantadviceI’dgiveisthesewonderfulwordsfromthewriterMayaAngelou.(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ))回顧高中生活,我能給大家的最重要的建議就是作家瑪雅·安吉羅的一句精彩名言。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。opportunity,explore,performance,confident,panic,pressure,curiousStudentsinSeniorOneare1.curiousabouteverythinginseniorhigh,whohavegreateagerness2.toexploreeverycorner.Theywillgraspevery3.opportunitytoleaveagoodimpressiononothers.Sometimestheyareundergreat4.pressure,especiallywhenfacingchallenges.Therefore,theyoftenexchangeideasandrefertotheirlifeinjuniorschool,figuringthatpastlifeisbetter.Gradually,theycalmdownandtakeanactivepartinvariousactivities,suchasbadminton,debatecontestsanddrama5.performances.Withabusyschedule,somestudentsbegintotakeupchallengesandbecomemore6.confident.Althoughsomestudentsarestillin7.panic,theyarereadytogoalloutandholdthebeliefthattheycanachievetheirdreamsintime.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯curiousadj.好奇的;稀奇古怪的(curiosityn.好奇心)becuriousaboutsth對(duì)……感到好奇becurioustodosth好奇地做某事;極想做某事withcuriosity好奇地outofcuriosity出于好奇Inseniorhighschool,Iwascuriousaboutthecomputerandbuiltmyfirstwebsite.TheprogrammeorganisedbytheStudentCouncilarousedmanystudents’curiosity(curious).“Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow？”thegirlaskedwithcuriosity.他很想有機(jī)會(huì)成為當(dāng)?shù)卮壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)的志愿者。Heiscurioustogettheopportunitytobeavolunteerofthelocalcharity.impressionn.印象;印記;影響;感想(impressv.使印象深刻;使銘記;使意識(shí)到impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的;感人的;令人欽佩的)leave/make/createa(n)...impressiononsb給某人留下一個(gè)……的印象impress...on...把……印在……上impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwithsth使某人銘記某事;給某人留下……印象beimpressedby/with...對(duì)……印象深刻Evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceed.→Evenso,sheimpressedhercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceedon/upontheworld.Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandconfidentyoungman.Theteacherwasimpressedbyherperformanceintheexam.Herperformanceintheexamleft/made/createdanimpressionontheteacher.(impression)Whatimpressedtheteacherwasherperformanceintheexam.(用what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句升級(jí);impressv.)panicvi.&vt.(panicked;panicked;panicking)(使)驚慌n.驚恐,驚慌panicsbintodoingsth使某人倉(cāng)皇行事getintoapanic陷入恐慌inpanic驚慌地;處在恐慌中Seeingsmokecomingoutoftheengine,manypeoplefledawayinpanic.簡(jiǎn)陷入恐慌,她的心如此劇烈跳動(dòng),她感覺快要窒息了。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)Janegotintoapanic,andherheartbeatsoviolentlythatshefeltnearlysuffocated.野狼的嚎叫嚇得我尖叫起來。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)Theroarofthewildwolfpanickedmeintoscreaming.confidentadj.自信的;有把握的(confidencen.自信心)beconfidentabout/of(doing)sth對(duì)(做)某事有信心beconfidentthat...對(duì)……有信心have/show/loseconfidenceinsb對(duì)某人有/失去信心Toourrelief,thebravesailorneverlostconfidenceinhimselfandhewouldneverstopexploringtheunknownworld.Whateverchallengeswearefacedwith,wealwayshaveconfidence(confident)inourselves.努力工作,我相信我們最終會(huì)取得成功的。(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)Workhard,andI’mconfidentthatwewillsucceedintheend.(beconfidentthat)Workhard,andI’mconfidentabout/ofoursuccessintheend.(beconfidentabout/of)applyvt.涂;敷;搽;應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用;手壓,腳踩;致力于vi.申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求;使用[applicationn.申請(qǐng)(書);應(yīng)用applicantn.申請(qǐng)人]apply(tosb)forsth(向某人)申請(qǐng)某物applyto適用于applysthtosth把某物應(yīng)用/涂抹于……applyoneselfto致力于/集中精力于……(to為介詞)Heappliedalittleointmenttothewoundandthenappliedpressuretothebandage.Hewasoneofthe30applicants(apply)forthemanager’sposition,sohehadnoconfidenceinhimself.我寫信向你申請(qǐng)你們?cè)谧蛱斓膱?bào)紙上提供的職位。如果我被錄用了,我會(huì)全身心地致力于我的工作。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)I’mwritingtoapplytoyouforthepositionyouofferedinyesterday’snewspaper.Ifchosen,Iwillapplymyselftomywork.schedulen.計(jì)劃表,進(jìn)度表,日程表vt.安排;預(yù)定onschedule準(zhǔn)時(shí);按時(shí)間表aheadofschedule＝aheadoftime提前bescheduledtodosth預(yù)定/按計(jì)劃要做某事Ifigurethatonlyifweworkextrahourscanwecompletetheprojectonscheduleorevenaheadofschedule.學(xué)生傳統(tǒng)國(guó)畫展覽按計(jì)劃要在5月15日至24日在圖書館二樓舉行。(2021·浙江6月,應(yīng)用文寫作)Anexhibitionofstudents’traditionalChinesepaintingsisscheduledtobeheldonthesecondfloorofourlibraryfromMay15toMay24.exchangen.交換;交流vt.交換;交流;交易;兌換inexchangefor作為對(duì)……的交換exchangestudents交換生exchangeAforB用A來?yè)Q取Bexchangesthwithsb和某人交換某物Thevolunteersofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.Themembersintheorganisationexchangedideaswitheachotheronthetopicafterthesignificantmeeting.我真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)所有的交換生參加這個(gè)俱樂部,此俱樂部將組織各種各樣的活動(dòng),如聽講座和練習(xí)中國(guó)書法。(2022·天津,書面表達(dá))Isincerelyinvitealltheexchangestudentstojointheclub,whichwillorganisevariousactivities,suchaslisteningtolecturesandpracticingChinesecalligraphy.referto指的是;描述;提到,談到;查閱,參考refer...to...把……提交給……;讓(人)參考……referto...as...把……稱作……referencebooks/materials參考書/參考資料TheyalwaysrefertomeasabookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoreading.Ifyoumeetwiththewordsyoudon’tknow,youcanrefertoadictionaryorturntoothersforhelp.(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)教科書和字典可以作為參考書籍,而雜志可以作為閱讀材料。(話題作文之語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí))Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreferencebookswhilethemagazinescanserveasreadingmaterials.lookforwardto盼望;期待(to為介詞)lookforward有時(shí)表示“向前看”,后面跟todo表示目的。在定語(yǔ)從句中?？疾閘ookforwardto,其后的動(dòng)詞與to沒有任何關(guān)系。Asagroupoffourwholikemusic,wearelookingforwardtosetting(set)upourownband.Thedaythattheexchangestudentshadbeenlookingforwardtocame(come)atlast.如果你能告訴我關(guān)于這次活動(dòng)的更多信息,我將不勝感激。盼望你早日回復(fù)。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemoreinformationabouttheactivity.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearliestreply.bedoing...when...IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.我正在瀏覽公告牌上的照片,身后忽然傳來一個(gè)聲音。bedoing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……,when為并列連詞,意為“此時(shí),這時(shí)”,相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用句型如下：beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時(shí)……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做了……這時(shí)……Tomhadjustfallenasleepwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.手里拿著罐子,我正匆忙上樓梯,突然我的一只光腳被樓梯絆住了。我失去了平衡,努力使自己穩(wěn)定下來,但是沒用。罐子從我的手指間滑落,摔在了堅(jiān)硬的泥土地上。我剛要去撿起地上的碎片,就聽到媽媽的聲音傳來,“發(fā)生了什么事？”(讀后續(xù)寫片段)Withthejarinmyhands,Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmybarefeetwascaughtononestair.Losingbalance,Itriedtosteadymyself,butinvain.Thejarslippingthroughmyfingers,itsmashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepieceswhenIheardmymom’svoice,“What’shappening？”(2022·浙江1月)Needlesstosay,Ididn’tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff,butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn’tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.當(dāng)然,我不希望整個(gè)學(xué)期都被人不理不睬地對(duì)待,以免讓事情變得更糟,我什么也沒說,只是盡力把課題做好。(2022·浙江1月)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.經(jīng)常乘飛機(jī)去參加會(huì)議、講座、研討會(huì)之類的活動(dòng),對(duì)于科學(xué)家聚集在一起交流信息來說是很重要的。(2022·全國(guó)乙)Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit.日程安排上都很繁忙,擠出時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話都是件難事。盡量找個(gè)雙方都有空的時(shí)間去打電話,并堅(jiān)持下去。(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.如果你在戶外鍛煉,你的身體就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)深呼吸,從而讓更多的氧氣進(jìn)入你的肌肉和大腦。(2021·北京)InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.在歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究中,參與者聽音樂時(shí)研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)他們的心率和血壓。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙sharpA.adj.急劇的B.adj.敏銳的C.adj.鋒利的D.adv.(…點(diǎn))整E.adj.急轉(zhuǎn)的;陡的F.adj.清晰的Shestaredatthedolphinwithhersharpbrighteyes.BTherehasbeenasharpdeclineinthedeathratebecauseoftheadvancedtechnology.AIwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.EThevolunteerswillgatherattheschoolgateat8:00sharpthismorning.(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)DAllthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.FShehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.CfigureA.身材；體形B.人物C.數(shù)字D.人影Itwillnotbelongbeforetheinflationfigurestartstofall.CSherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.(2020·天津)AThemovementissupportedbykeyfiguresinthethreemainpoliticalparties.BIsawafigureapproachinginthedarkness.DviewA.n.景色；風(fēng)景B.n.視野C.n.觀點(diǎn)；見解；看法D.vt.觀看；看待Hisviewwasthatartshouldshocktheviewersandchallengetheirsenseofreality.CSplendidastheviewoftheEarthis,spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.AYourfriendsalsoinfluencethewayyouviewyourphysicalappearance.DTherearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.B快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的意思。IhaveneverexperiencedabettertimehereasagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.畢業(yè)生ThelocaltheatregroupisstagingaproductionofHamlet.上演核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)Allexchangestudentsgatheredattheschoolgate,curioustoexplore(explore)thecampus.IwassofrightenedwhenIsawthefrighteningpolarbearwalktowardsusthatIcouldhardlystruggletomyfeet.(frighten)Youcan’timaginehowshefinishedtherelayracewithherfootwounded(wound)soseverely.Youmustmakeagoodimpression(impress)onthejudgesifyouwanttobeselected.Inhisjournal,heexpressedhiseagerness(eager)togaintheopportunitytogoabroad.Thoughmycousinisjuniortome,hisacademicperformanceissuperiortominealot.Inmyview,it’snousearguingwithhimabout/overthequestionforheissostubborn.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.SomebeautifulTangFrescoesleftadeepimpressiononme,whichportrayedfigures(figure)vividlybyafewlines.(應(yīng)用文寫作之宣傳稿)Especiallyinterestingismakingdumplings,whichIthinkisparticularly(particular)attractivetoyou.(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請(qǐng)信)單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2022·全國(guó)甲)——“保護(hù)海洋”征文比賽很榮幸有機(jī)會(huì)和大家分享關(guān)于海洋保護(hù)的一些看法。(opportunity)It’smygreathonortohavetheopportunitytosharewithyoumyopinionsonoceanconservation.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,海洋污染日益嚴(yán)重。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Withtheindustrydevelopingrapidly,oceanpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.我們都知道,海洋不僅為我們提供了足夠的食物,而且還保持了自然界平衡。(notonly...butalso的倒裝)Asweallknow,notonlydoesoceanofferussufficientfood,butalsoitmaintainsthebalanceofnature.所以我們每個(gè)人都要致力于保護(hù)海洋。(apply)Soeachofusshouldapplyourselvestoprotectingtheocean.我相信,只要我們每個(gè)人都對(duì)海洋保護(hù)做出貢獻(xiàn),海洋會(huì)更加干凈美麗。(confident)I’mconfidentthataslongaseachofusmakesacontributiontotheoceanprotection,theoceanwillbecleanerandmorebeautiful.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語(yǔ)料]情感描寫frightenedadj.受驚的;害怕的eageradj.渴望的→eagernessn.渴望butterfliesinone’sstomach情緒緊張,心里發(fā)慌panicn.驚恐calmadj.鎮(zhèn)定的人物描寫confidentadj.自信的;有把握的curiousadj.好奇的;求知欲強(qiáng)的sharpadj.聰明的,敏銳的[續(xù)寫語(yǔ)料運(yùn)用]請(qǐng)從以上語(yǔ)料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語(yǔ)段。然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該語(yǔ)段。(改編自2022·1月浙江,讀后續(xù)寫)在等待結(jié)果時(shí),我承受著巨大的壓力。我非常害怕以致喉嚨發(fā)緊,膝蓋發(fā)軟。我心里發(fā)慌,深深地吸了一口氣。我試著讓自己冷靜下來。但我很想知道誰會(huì)是我的合作伙伴。在我聽到宣布結(jié)果的那一時(shí)刻,我陷入了一種尷尬的境地。我的合作伙伴恰恰是我們班里我想逃避的那個(gè)家伙。Whilewaitingfortheresult,Iwasundergreatpressure.Iwassofrightenedthatmythroattightenedandmykneesfeltweak.Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtocalmmyself.ButIwascurioustoknowwhowouldbemypartner.ThemomentIheardtheannouncement,Igotintoanawkwardsituation.MypartnerwasjusttheguyinmyclasswhoIwantedtoavoid.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯。詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共20分)Onseeingthefrighteningscene,thefrightenedlittlegirlwassofrightenedthatsheburstintotears.(frighten)Theapplicantswhofilledinapplicationformstoapplyforthejobgraduatedfromkeyuniversities.(apply)Thekind-heartedorganiserofthatsocialorganisationhasbeenorganisingseveralcharityactivitiesinthepastfewmonths.(organise)Thecourageousexplorershadexploredtheunfamiliarregionandtheirexplorationledtomanynewdiscoveries.(explore)Theirimpressiveperformanceleftadeepimpressiononme.Inotherwords,Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytheirperformance.(impress)Itisnormalforchildrentobecuriousabouteverything.Theywillaskmanyquestionscuriouslyandweshouldanswerthempatientlytomeettheircuriosity.(curious)Thedemandsofvariousconsumersaredifferent,sothesupermarketoffersavarietyofgoods.(various)Anargumentaboutwhetherpeopleshouldexploretheoceantookplacean