浙江省杭州市2018年中考英語真題試題（含解析）

PAGEPAGE16浙江省杭州市2018年中考英語真題試題第I卷第一部分 聽力（略）第Ⅱ卷第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題.每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項。AWhenCanadianteenagerRyanwassixyearsold,histeachertoldhimthatinmanypartsofAfrica,therewasnocleanwater.Shesaidthatpeopleoftenmadethemselvesill,andevendied,justfromdrinkingorbathingindirtywater.WhatshesaidmadeRyanupset.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyforawell(井)sothatpeopleinAfricacouldhavecleanwater.Hedidextrachoresforhisparentsandraised$70allbyhimself.Thenhefoundoutthatitactuallycost$2,000todigawell.Mostpeoplewouldhavegivenupatthispoint,butnotRyan.Hewasdisappointed,butdeterminedtoraisemoremoney.Finallyhecollectedover$2,000.Thatmoneywasusedtodigthefirstof“Ryan'swells”.Sincethen,Ryanhascontinuedtoraisemoneyformorewells.Infact,Ryanhasraisedover$1,500,000!Ryancallshimself“anormalboy”andlikestoplayicehockeywhenhe'snotinschoolortravelingaroundtheworldtalkingtootherstudentsabouthimselfandhiswork.Asforthefuture.hehassaidthatheisn'texactlysurewhathewillchoosetodo.“Somethingalongthelinesofalawyerorateacher.Maybealeader!”Ryan'steachertoldhimaboutthewaterprobleminAfricainorderto .encourageRyantodigwellsforpeopleinAfricaaskRyantoraisemoneyforpoorpeopleinAfricamakeRyanfeelunhappyanddisappointededucateRyantocareaboutAfricanpeopleindifficulty.WhatdoesRyanthinkofhimselfaccordingtothepassage?Heisdifferentfromotherstudentsinmanyways.Henevergivesupwhenhehasdecidedtodosomething.Heistalentedandcandomanygreatthingsinthefuture,He'slikeotherstudentswithhisownhobbyanddreams.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RyanandHisTeacher B.RyanandHisWells.C.RyanandHisMoney D.RyanandHisFutureBWhowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?Believeitornot,that’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015.Duringthemeal,theworldleadersenjoyeddisheslikesaladsandburgersmadewiththrown-awayvegetablesandfruits.ChefDanBarber,whohelpedcreatethemeal,hopedthattheexperiencewouldmaketheleaderspaymoreattentiontotheissueoffoodwaste.Itisahugeproblem.OneoutofninepeopleonEarthdoesnotgetenoughfood.Yeteveryyearoveronethirdofthefoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste!Whyissomuchfoodwasted?Firstly,foodisoftenthrownawaybeforeitreachescustomersbecausetoomuchofitisproduced,orbecauseitisnotkeptproperlyinfarms.Secondly,shopsandsupermarketsusuallythrowawayunsoldfood.Finally,customersoftenbuymorefoodthantheyneed,soalotofuneatenfoodiswasted.Howcanyouwastelessfood?Wheneatingout,youmayaskforlessfoodandtakehomewhatisleft.Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyusuallymorewasteful.Encourageyourfavoriterestaurantstogiveunsoldfoodtofoodbanks.Youcanalsowastelessfoodathome.Usesmallerricebowlssothatyouservelessrice.Encouragefamilymemberstouseunfinishedricetomakericepuddings.Tellfamilymemberstomakeashoppinglistandbuyonlywhatisonthelistwhenshoppingforfood.Foodwasteisagrowingproblemandwe,eitherfarmersorfoodsellersorcustomers,musttakethisproblemmoreseriouslyanddowhatwecantohelp.WhatdidworldleadersdoatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015?Theythrewawayfoodaswasteduringthemeal.TheymadedisheswithwastevegetablesandfruitsTheyatefoodmadewithwastevegetablesandfruits.TheyhelpedChefDanBarbercreatethespecialmeal.Theunderlinedword“issue”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto .A.result B.problem C.cause D.beginningThewriterorganizesParagraph4byaskingaquestionand .A.givingexamples B.usingnumbersC.listingreasons D.tellingastoryWhichwayofwastinglessfoodismentionedinthepassage?Buyingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets.Keepingfoodproperlyinfridge.Usingsmallerricebowlswheneatingout.Askingforlessfoodinrestaurants.CBananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,soyoucantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebananaplant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn’thaveastrongwoodyTheplantscangrowashighas30feetWhentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.Theseflowersproducebananas.orthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（叢）ofbananashasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100pounds.Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren’tthesunnyyellowcolorofbananas.Farmerspickthemwhenthey’regreen.That’showthey’reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellowalongthewayandarereadytobesold.Ifyoulovebananas,you’vegotalotofcompany.AmericanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirstshipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.Morebananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout .whypeoplelikebananashowbananastastewhatbananasarerichinwherebananasaretakenWhatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellow b.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.Theflowersproducebananas. d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-aWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thebananaplantisakindoftree.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.Onebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.OrangesDThereisapopularChinesesayingthat“Fairskin(皮膚)willmakeupforthreeflaws(缺陷)”.ThismentionsthefactthatinChineseculture,itisbelievedthatpeoplewhohavefairskinaremorebeautiful.Inculture,however,theoppositeistrue—manyWesternersthinktannedskinisprettier.Theexampleshowsthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasofwhattheythinkisbeautiful.Theseculturalmeaningsofthebeauty,however,arenolongerimportant.Asmoreandmorepeopletraveloverseas,ideasaboutbeautyarebeingsharedamongcultures.TheInternethasalsomadeiteasierforpeopletosharedifferenttypesofbeautysincepeoplearealwayspostingpicturesonsocialmedia.Theresultisanever-changingideaofwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Theculturalpracticeofearpiercings,forexample,hasbecomeapartofmoderndayculture.InKenya,itisatraditionamongMasaimenandwomentopierceandthenmaketheirearlobes(耳垂)longerusingivoryandwoodorstones.Theythenwearcolorfulthingsontheirearlobes.Thisisacommonpracticesincelongerearlobesareseenasasighofbeauty.Thistraditionhasnowfounditswayintopresent-dayculture.Nowadays,thismightstillseemunusualtosome,butwithmoreandmorewell-knownactorsandfilmstarsshowingofftheirlongerearlobes,itwillfinallybecomemorefashionable.Itisunderstoodthatdifferentculturesaroundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofshowingbeauty.However,sincewenowliveinaworldwidesociety,people’sviewsaboutbeautyarealwayschanging.WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.Sowhatnewfashionscanweexpecttoseeinthefuture?Whathasmadeiteasierforpeopletoshareideasaboutbeauty?Thedevelopmentoftechnology.Thepopularityofthelatestfashions.Theunchangedculturaltraditions.Theworld’sgrowingpopulation.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMasaipeoplefromthepassage?Longerearlobesaretheirnewfashion.Onlywomenmaketheirearlobeslonger.Theythinklongerearlobeslookbeautiful.Theymakeactorsandfilmstarsfamous.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto .A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashionsWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?PeopleinAsiancountrieslikefairskinbetter.Beautyisconsideredimportantinmanycultures.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutbeauty.People’sideasaboutbeautyarechangingallthetime.第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）下面文章中有五處（第31-35題）需要添加小標題。請從以下選項（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的小標題。選項中有一項是多余選項。Fivewaystomakeagreatfirstimpression（印象）!Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That’swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression.31. Beforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresidentatyourschool,youwillneedtoappearconfident（自信）.32. Smilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou’refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorecomfortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.33. Beforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.Besides,ifyouuncrossyourarms,youwillappearrelaxedandfriendly.34. Howyousmellcaninfluencepeople’sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.35. Whatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,alsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportingevent.shouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.SmellSmellgoodDresstoimpressGetreadyforaspeechAsmilegoesalongwayBecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageDecidewhatimage（形象）youwanttopresent第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項。MyfriendsandIjoinedatwo-day生存）trainingcourseinthemountains.Thefirstdaywasreally36－therewassomuchtodo!Arrivingatthecampsite,weweredividedintogroupsandgivenatent,somefood,a37andacompass（指南針Standingnexttoasmallriver,Fanny38campinginthegrassyareanearby.However,ourinstructor,Mr.Lee,pointedoutthatitmightflood（淹沒）ifitrained.Intheend,wefounda39area.Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.40Mr.Leehelpedusalot.Bythetimewehadputupthetent,41wasreallyhungrywouldn’thavegotthishungryifwehadbroughtsomesnacks.”Petersaid.alltoldhimto42complaining（抱怨）andhelpusstartafiretocookourfood43.Realizingwewerehavingtroublemakingthefire,hefinally44.Thenextdaystartedearly.byastrangenoise.Peterwenttoseewhatwas45.“Somecowshaveeatenourbreakfast!”heshouted.“That’sallbecauseyoudidn’t46thefoodproperlylastnight.”saidMr.Lee.thatwasangrywithus,wetriedveryhardonournext 47 －usingthemapandcompasstofindasecretlocation.madeittothelocation 48 theotherdid.allfeltveryproudof49 .Thesurvivaltrainingcoursewasagreat 50 .NowIfeelIcouldsurviveanywhere!36．A．disappointingB．difficultC．differentD．boring37．A．mapB．bookC．lightD．knife38．A．suggestedB．finishedC．imaginedD．enjoyed39．A．nearerB．lowerC．biggerD．higher40．A．SurprisinglyB．SuddenlyC．LuckilyD．Usually41．A．everyoneB．anyoneC．someoneD．noone42．A．startB．mindC．stopD．continue43．A．yetB．tooC．againD．instead44．A．helpedoutB．gaveoutC．workedoutD．startedout45．A．developingB．happeningC．beginningD．following46．A. throwoffB．putawayC．eatupD．sellout47．A．planB．lessonC．taskD．problem48．A．tillB．afterC．whenD．before49．A．himB．themC．youD．ourselves50．A．exampleB．experienceC．activityD．competition400-810-2656第二節(jié)：（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題紙的相應位置。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.First,cametheinventionofwriting, 51 (probable)about5500yearago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldcommunicatewithpeoplethattheynever 52 (see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.Later,theGreekswerewell-donefortheirliterature(文學)andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent 53 thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷軸).Theyweredifferenttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages 54 (invent).Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin 55 thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery 56 Chineseinvention:paper.ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks 57 wereproducedonaprintingpress.Thesedaysitisdifficult 58 (imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more 59 (story)areboughtase-booksandreadonascreen.Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture, 60 willbooks,scrollssoondisappear?第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)：單詞拼寫（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）（每空僅限一詞）。Myfriendcameoverlastnighttowatchthev offootballmatchthatI’d recorded.Afteralongday,Toml downonthebadandwenttosleep.Thetrainwasveryc withpassengers,sowehadtostand.64.Doyouthinkmoremoneyshouldbegiventoeducation?C ,Icouldn’tagreemore.Sorry,I’vef yourphonenumber.Couldyoupleasetellmeagain?Bep .Ittakestime.Youcanbecomebetterbyreadingsomethingyouenjoyeveryday.Asquarehasforsidesandfourc .Decemberisthet andlastmonthoftheyear.TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamwonagoldm inthe2016RioGames.Youwillr awarmwelcomewhenyoucometoourvillage.第二節(jié):書面表達(共1小題.滿分15分)假定你是李平(TEL:1361234567).家住濱海市人民路1號.你在美國旅行期間,不慎遺失錢包,曾向賓館詢.以下是賓館的答復郵件,請你閱讀后進行回復,詞數80左右.From:Mr.Smith,hotelmanagerHlLiPing,Thankyouforyouremailaboutyourlostwallet.Pleasesenmesomemoreinformation.Whendidyoustayinourhotelandwhatroomwereyouin?Pleasedescribeyourwallet.Whatwasinit?Sendmeyouraddressandphonenumber.Allthebest,Mr.SmithTo:Mr.SmithSubject:LostwalletDearMr.Smith,Yours,LiPing第一部分聽力理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）5A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。CCCAB第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題2分，滿分20分）3A、B、C三個選55秒的作答時間，每段對話僅讀一遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第8三個小題。BAB聽下面一段對話，回答第9至第11三個小題。BAA聽下面一段獨白，回答第12至第15題四個小題。BBAC（40分）第一節(jié)（15230分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A,B,C和D）中選出最佳選項A【答案解析】16-18DDB解析：本文是記敘文題材，主要內容是：男孩Ryan在學習到非洲人民處于非常缺少凈水的狀態(tài)時，為了幫助他們而籌錢造井。D。5callshimself“anormalboy”說明Ryan覺得自己是一個普通的男孩，有自己的愛好和理想。Ryan為了幫助非洲人民而籌錢造井的事。B【答案解析】19-22CBCDChowansoeatfoodhatshrownawayaswase?ha’exactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationin2015.結合第二段首句可知各國領導人吃了被當做垃圾扔掉的水果和蔬菜做成的食物。題：C?？疾槎温浣Y構題，難度適中，通過文章：firstly,secondly,finally可以發(fā)現，作者通過提問和舉例說明的方式來構造這個段落。題：D?？疾榧毠?jié)理解題，難度較小。根據第五段第二句。C【答案解析】23-26ABCA解析：本文是一篇說明文。主要從香蕉的優(yōu)點，生長，生產、出售等方面進行了詳細的介紹。A?？疾橹髦即笠忸}，難度適中。此類題目并不能夠在原文中找到相同句子或者答案，perfectprovidenotonly...butalsoA。Ba-d在文中相應的細節(jié)信息，并bc出現在第aB正確選項。C?？疾榧毠?jié)理解題，難度稍大。需要整合文章的細節(jié)信息，由于四個選項的出處有可A選項從bananaplan，however，isconsideredaherbB選項對應第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrainD選項與第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyearCcanweighmorethan100pounds相符合，故為正確選項A?？疾榧毠?jié)題，表格細節(jié)，難度較小。此類題目需要結合表格，尋找題干關鍵詞，與thesecondmostapples，A。D【答案解析】27-30ACAD本文是一篇說明文。主要說明歷史以來，不同文化對美的解讀，以及對美的觀點的變化。AwiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenoweasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandoutA正好與文中意思契合，所A。CC正C。A。詞義推理題，難度中等。此類題需要找到單詞在文中的位置，聯系上下文進行詞義them:在網絡的幫助下，人們容易借助其他文化來幫助她們自己在人群中凸顯。所以，這里的them指的是people。選項A正好與文中意思契合，所以選擇A。DD正好與文中意思契合，所以D。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）（31-35題中選出符合各段意思的首句，選項中有一項是多余選項?！敬鸢附馕觥縁DEAB5Fpurposeofthemeeting”，“appearfriendly”，“appearconfidentF。答案D?？疾煸摱沃髦即笠?，該段關鍵“smiling”主要是說微笑的重要性，故答案選D。EbodyE。AsmellA。B?？疾煸摱沃髦即笠猓摱侮P鍵“dressB。第三部分英語知識運用（25分）第二節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項。【答案解析】Keys:36-40BAADC 41-45ACDAB 46-50BCDDB文章解讀：本文講述了我和我的朋友們參加生存訓練課的經歷。BPuttingupthetentwasveryhard.”以及“weweretroublemakingthefire…”，所以第一天是充滿困難的。AmapAFannysuggest建議；finish完成；imagine想象；enjoyAD指出，如果下雨，我們建在草地邊的帳篷會被淹掉。水往低處走，所以我們應建在更高的地方。CMr.LeesurprisinglyAPeter說“如果我們帶了零食，就不會在這挨餓了?！币约昂竺嫔鹱鲲?，說明每個人都很餓。C介意；stop，停止；continueCDPeter不要抱怨，而是來幫我們一起生火。yet，然而；too，也；again，再一次；instead，作為替代，而是；A考查動詞。根據上文可判斷，意識到我們生火有麻煩時，他最終來幫忙了。helpout，協助；giveoutworkoutstartoutBPeter跑出去看發(fā)生了什么。develop，發(fā)展；happen，發(fā)生；begin，開始；follow，跟隨；BPeter說是因為昨晚沒有把食物正確儲存起來。throwoff，擺脫；putaway，存儲；eatup，吃完；sellout，賣完；Cplan，計劃；lesson，課程；task，任務；problem，問題；Dtill，直到……才；after，在……之后；when，當……時；before，在……之前Dwe。beproudofoneself，為某人感到自豪。所以DBexample，例子；experience，經歷；activity，活動；competition，競賽。第三節(jié)：（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題紙的相應位置?！敬鸢附馕觥?1-55probably,saw,from/to/than,wereinvented,useful,that/which,toimagine,stories,orprobably5500probably。句意：5500年以前。sawsawcouldsawfrom/to/than考查介詞。bedifferentfrom/to/than表示“與……不同”。句意：后來，希臘人因他們的文學和科學而著名，但是他們的“書籍”看起來和現在的書籍非常不同。wereinvented考查被動語態(tài)。書和發(fā)明之間是被動關系，books是復數，故填wereinvented。句意：大約2000年以前，有很多書頁的書被發(fā)明了。the考查冠詞。inthexxthcenturythe。句意：13世紀發(fā)生改變。useful考查形容詞。inventionuseful。句意：當歐洲人了解到中國一個非常有用的發(fā)明：紙的時候。that/whichthatwhich。句意：更多的人能夠負擔得起通過印刷機生產的書。toi