張平英漢翻譯

AConclusionoftheCourseinEnglish-ChineseTranslationWehavelearnedthecourseinEnglish-Chinesetranslationforthreemonthssothatwecandeliveradefinitioninourownwords.Asmyunderstanding,translationmeanstranslatethesourcelanguageintotargetlanguageandhasalltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Translationisadifficultandcreativepracticalactivity,whichcomesfromtherealityofsociety,cultureandlanguageandgivesservetoimprovetheirdevelopment.Theprocessoftranslationnotonlyinvolvetwolanguages,butalsoinvolvetwosocialculture.Meanwhile,translationbelongtoacomprehensivesubject,whichhasacloserelationshipwithlinguistics,rhetoric,notation,psychology,anthropology.Inword,translationisacreativeactivity,whichconsiststheory,skillsandarts.theprincipleandstandardoftranslationItissignificantfortranslationtoconfirmtheprincipleoftranslation.TherearethreeprinciplescameupwithbyAlexanderFraserTytler.First,atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.Second,thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.Third,thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.Whatihavementionedforcedmetopointotherimportantstandards.IntheQingDynasty,YanFuestablishedathreecharacterstandardintranslation:faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance,whichhasaprofoundinfluenceintranslationcircles.Lastbutnotleast,Luxunalsohasamomentousstandardabouttranslation.Oneis"Xin”.Thestandardof“Xin''requiresthetranslationtexttobefaithfultothemeaningoftheoriginaltextandtexttranslatedhasnoobviouscharacteristicsofrewriting,omittingandtwisting.Theotheroneis“Shun”.Thestandardof"Shun”requiresthetranslationtexttobesmoothtothemeaningoftheoriginaltextandnoobscurewords.Forexample:Janedosenotworkhardbecauseshewantstoearnmoney.誤譯：因?yàn)楹喯胭嶅X，所以才不下力。推薦譯法：簡并不是因?yàn)橄胭嶅X才下力干的。Shenotlaughsalotbuthasaheartofgold.原譯：她不僅常常大笑，而且還有一顆黃金之心。推薦譯文：她不僅笑口常開，而且還有一顆金子般的心。Wefindthatpreservationoftheoriginalnationalflavor,faithfulnessoftheoriginalcontentandmaintenanceoftheoriginalstylehaveequalimportance.Therefore,onlythroughathoroughunderstandingoftheirconceptualandpragmaticmeanings,anarticletranslatedcanreachthestandardoffaithfulnessandsmoothness.Inmyopinion,precisenessisagoodpointshouldbeaddedintothestandardoftranslation.Duetothedifferentsocialcultureandwayofthinking,wewillmakemanymistakes,whichisseriousproblemforyourwork.Butforabusinesscompany,theymayloseagreatchanceorcompetition.whatismore.Ifyouwereatranslatorinofficial,yourmistakemayleadtotheneglectimpactbetweentwocountries.Itisnecessaryforustofollowthestandardofpreciseness.theprocessoftranslationTheprocessoftranslationwehavementionedcanbedividedintotwoparts:AccuratecomprehensionandAdequaterepresentation.Thewholeprocessofthecomprehensionisbidirectional:First,understandingitfromwholetodetail.Second,fromdetailtowhole.Thatmeansweshouldreadthewholetextandunderstanditmacroscopically,nextweneedlearnthedetailcarefullyuntiltranslatethewholepassagebycombiningthewholeanddetail.Forexample:Ihadnotknownhimfor20yearswithoutlearningthathealwayskeptintheupper-leftpocketofhiswaistcoatthelittlebookinwhichheputdownhisengagements.我認(rèn)識他已有20年之久，知道他馬甲左上方的那個(gè)口袋里，總是放著一個(gè)小本本，里面寫著他的約會(huì)安排。Whenyoureadthissentencefirst,youshouldanalyzethestructureofthewholesentence.Andthenanalyzingthesemanticsrelationshipbetweenwholeanddetail.Thetwonegativeneeduspaymoreattention.Intheend,wecantranslateitbythecustomofchina.Absolutely,therearethreeimportantwaystocomprehension,semanticanalysis,analysisofthecontextofsituationandpragmaticanalysis,thatishouldnotignore.TheotherpartoftranslatingprocessisAdequateRepresentation.AdequateRepresentationexpresstheoriginalarticle'sthoughts,emotionsandthewritingstylebyusingtheabilityofmasteringtargetlanguage.Twotranslatingmeansincludedinadequaterepresentationareliteralformandfreeform,whichisalwaysthecontroversyatalltimesandinallovertheworld.Literalformisainterpretingway,thatisfaithfultooriginalarticleandlivesuptotheoriginalstructure.Contrastthatfreeformnotonlyisfaithfultheoriginalpassage,butalsocastsoffthestructureuntilthetargetlanguageaccordswithChinesecustom.Forinstance:Ifapersonhadoncebeentakentoherheart,shewouldhearnothingsaidagainsthim.直譯：一旦她愛上一個(gè)人，她不會(huì)聽取任何反對他的話。意譯：情人眼里出西施。Afterlearnedthattwoparts,iwouldliketorefertoanothertranslatewayintheprocessofthetranslation.Foreignizinganddomesticatingsolvetheproblemthatwemustmeetwhentranslatebetweenreservationandannotation.Foreignizingisawaywanttokeepthecharacterofforeignculture,otherthanexplainthecharacterbydomesticating.Foreignizing（洋化）：Eg.Invaintomethesmilingmorningsshine,AndreddeningPhoebusliftshisgoldenfire.我眼前徒有微笑的早晨在閃耀，徒有紅臉的菲勃斯高舉金色的火。Domesticating（歸化）：Lovelivesincottagesaswellasincourts.愛情不分貧富。theskilloftranslationMeanwhile,thereareseveralimportanttranslatingskillsgivingmeasmartwaytodomyhomeworkandguidingmystudyinthefuture.Divisionisoneofthemtranslatingthewholesentenceintoseveralpartswithintherequireofpassage.Simply,divisionmakeswholetoparts.Oppositely,synthesizationcombinesthepartsofsentenceintoonesothatyouwillfeelthepassageiscompactandsuccinct.Usingthetwoskillstogetheriseffectiveandpracticaltothetranslation.Theothercrucialskilli'dliketoexplainareliteralmeaninganddeepmeaning.Itrequiresusunmaskthemeaningbetweenthelines,behindthelinesandbeyondthelines.Whenwetranslate,weshouldconsideratethetextualandscenescarefully,aswellasdrawourattentiontothespeciallinguisticphenomenon.Suchasirony'srealmeaningisoppositetoliteralmeaning.Soweshouldnottranslatethepassagesimplytoavoidbringingunnecessarymistake.Forexample,peoplesaysarcastically,“bighelpyouare”，toshowtheirhelptoothersformthebottomofheart,sowecannottranslateitwithgratitude.Atthistime,wecanaddsomewordstoexposetheintendedmeaning.Euphemismandidiomarealsopaidmoreattentiontoconsidering.Anotherpoint,weshouldlearnthebehindmeaningandspirit,andexpressthemusingourownwords.Loveandresentment,indifferenceandempathy,supportingandagainst,orderandrequestandsoon.Suchastheword“cheap”givesusafeelingthatsomegoodispoorsothatmostofpeoplechangetouse“inexpensive”toexpresssomegoodshaveareasonableprice.Last,consideringthebeyondmeaningsitsthemajorseat.Onepointdeservingtoattentionisthatweshouldrememberthecooperativeprincipleatthetimewetranslate.Thelasttranslatingskilliwanttoexplainistranslatingsentencebymeaninggroup.Linearinterpreting,generallyspeaking,asksustodepartthetranslateoriginalsentenceintoseveralsene-groups,andthenaddingsomeconjunctionstofinishtheunderstandingofthesentence.Bycontrast,theinversetranslationcombinestheseveralmeaninggroupsintoonetargets