學年大三版英文翻譯

AdoptionofEmployment-orientedExperienceTrainingProgramtoImproveUndergraduatesEmploymentShuangSchoolofComputerScience&Engineering,DalianNationalitiesUniversity,Dalian,PengChenDepartmentofComputerScience&Technology,DalianNeusoftInstituteofInformation,Dalian,ChinaEmail:Toenhanceundergraduatesemploymentcompetitiveadvantages,communicationandexpressioncapabilityandteamcooperationabilityinengineeringpracticeexperiences,anexperiencetrainingprogramisadoptedtocultivatecompoundinternationaltalentsofsoftwaredevelopmentrequiredbysoftwarecompanies.Forthetrainingprogram,knowledgespansandintegrationextentofteachingcontents,implementationflowandflexibleevaluationmethodsarealsoillustratedindetail.Especiallyduringpracticaltrainingprojectselectedfromsoftwarecompanies,studentsareguidedtocooperatewithteammemberstocompleteregularsoftwaredevelopment,whichwillimprovetheiremploymentcompetenceandmakethemfitfortheirfutureworkmorerapidly.Withauxiliaryexperiencetrainingonlineteachingplatform,threetimesoftrainingprogramhasbeencarriedoutsuccessfullyandastatisticstableshowseffectsofthetrainingprogram.IndexTerms—Employment-oriented,ExperienceTrainingProgram,EmploymentCompetence,SoftwareDevelopment.IWithrapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinternet,moreandmoreseniorsoftwaretalentsarerequiredbydomesticandforeignsoftwarecompanies[1-4].Asacharacteristicandkeyissueof2009trainingschemeDalianNationalitiesUniversity,purposeofthetrainingprogramistoexploreanddesignaneffectivetrainingsystemadoptingappropriateteachingmethods,teachingcontentsandimplementationscheme,whichwillguideseniorstudentstocompleterequirementsanalysis,systemdesign,coding,integrationandtestfortheregularsoftwaredevelopmentasateam[6].Duringtraining,studentsarerequiredtocompletedifferentdeliverablesandgivepresentationfortutorsineachphaseofsoftwarelifecycle.Bydifferentevaluationmethodssuchasreviewprocess,codecheckorpresentationandexpressionofdeliverables,students’professionalskill,communicationandexpressionabilityandteamcooperationcapabilitycanbeimproved,whichwillinturnenhancetheirself-confidenceandimprovetheiremploymentcompetence.Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.SectionIIdiscussescurrentsituationofexperiencetrainingprogramcarriedoutbysoftwarecompaniesanduniversities.SectionIIIintroducesimplementationdetailscarriedoutinDalianNationalitiesUniversityandgivesteachingcontents,implementationprocess,evaluationmethodsandteachingeffects.SectionIVgivestheconclusion.CURRENT SITUATIONOF EXPERIENCE PROGRAMAsthelargestsoftwareoutsourcingmarket,manytrainingcompaniesorsoftwarecompaniesofDalianhavecarriedoutexperiencetrainingprogramsforundergraduatesofrelatedcomputermajors.Forexample,NeusoftGroupCorporationrequireseachnewemployeetotakethetrainingprovidebyitstrainingdepartmentAndtherearemanyothercompaniessuchasTarenaITTrainingGroup,Daliansoftwareparktrainingcenter[8]andsoon.Certainly,softwarecompanieshavetheirtrainingadvantagesasfollows.First,theyhaveplentyofteacherresourceswithalotofexperiencesofpracticalprojectdevelopment.Formediumsoftwarecompanies,theycanselectappropriatetrainingtutorsfromdevelopmentdepartments.Forexample,tutorsarerequiredtodosoftwaredevelopmentagainafter1-2yearstraining.Secondly,theyhaveplentyofprojectreserves.Duringtraining,theycanselectsomeoldprojectastrainingproject.Althoughtheoldprojectsmayadoptsometechnologyoutofdate,itiseasytoadjustthemintonewprojectwithfashionabletechnologyforthetrainingpurpose.Becauseonlyprojectswithmediumsizeareneeded.Third,tightatmosphereinsoftwarecompanieswillputpressureonstudents.Atuniversity,studentsfeelfreetolearnknowledgewithonpressure.Theycannotimagineoftheemploymentcompetenceorworkpressure.Butinrealdevelopmentenvironmentofsoftwarecompanies,studentswillfeelmuchpressureonthembecauseallengineersworkveryhardeverydayaroundthem.Sotheywillputalltheireffortsonprofessionalskilllearningfortheirfuturework.Buttherearesomedisadvantagesofthetrainingprogramprovidedbysoftwarecompanies.Whethersoftwaredevelopmentortrainingprogram,softwarecompaniesneedprofits.So,undergraduateshavetopayexpensivetrainingfeetopassthetraining.ForundergraduatesofNationalitiesUniversity,moststudentscomefromruralareasandcannotaffordextratrainingfee.Moreover,somesoftwarecompaniesjustchosesomegoodpassingstudentsastutorsandsometeachingclassconsistsof60-70studentstosavetrainingcostsometimes.Inthiscase,noteverytrainingstudentcangetfullguidanceandthetrainingqualityisnotassured.Anotherdeficiencyforsoftwarecompaniesistheirlimitationofteachingresources.Onlyintrainingclassorthetrainingroom,studentscanlearnandreviewrelatedteachingmaterialwithlocalareasnetworks.AnyteachingmaterialcannotbedownloadedorcopiedbyfloppydiskoremailedbyInternet.Sotrainingstudentsarelimitedinasmalllearningspace.Outofthetrainingroom,theycanhardlydoanyeffectivelearning.SomecollegesorinstituteshavecarriedoutexperiencetrainingprogramsuchasDalianNeusoftInstituteofInformation.Mostoftheseuniversitiesareindependentandskilltrainingistheireducationpurpose.Sotraininginthesecollegescannotgetsatisfactoryeffectsbecausetheirstudentslackstudyinterestsandsubjectiveinitiative.Besidesthat,theyrequireallundergraduatestoparticipateinthetraining,whichwillcertainlyleadtoteachingproblemsandstudyproblems.Basedonsummarizationoftrainingexperiencesinsoftwarecompaniesandindependentcolleges,wecarriedoutourexperiencetrainingprogramfrom2009.Moreemphasisofeducationinouruniversityisputonteachingqualitythanprofit.Incomparisonwithsoftwarecompaniesorindependentcolleges,therearemanyadvantagesoftheexperiencetrainingprograminouruniversityforstudents,whicharesummarizedasfollow.Webresourcesareopenandstudentscansearchandgetmanytipsfromweb.Wedon’thavetolimitaccessoftheInternetbecausewedon’thaveanybusinessEachteachingclassisselectedfromEachstudentneedstopasstheentrancetestbeforetheytakethetrainingclass.Onlystudentswithsomefundamentalknowledgecancompletethewholetrainingprocess.Thisnotonlylimitsthesizeoftrainingclass,butalsoassuresthetrainingTeachingresourcesareopenandcanbeaccessedinthespecialtrainingroomordormitorieswithcampusnetwork.Studentscancopycoursewareandsamplecodesandsaveanycodefragmentordocumentintheircomputers.Teachingprocessisstudents-centered.Oneteachingclasshas30studentsatmost.Sotutorscangiveguidancetoanystudentfreelyduringtrainingprocess.StudypressureputonthestudentsislittlebylittleuntiltheyrealizetheseriousemploymentThemanagementisflexible.TeachersandstudentsknoweachotherverywellandtheycanexchangeadvicesonhowtomakethetrainingprocessmoreTrainingprogramisjustlikeotherselectedcourseswithoutanyextratrainingfees.Studentswithintensiontoimprovetheirengineeringabilitiescanselectthetrainingprogram.Theydon’thavetopayanyextrafeesforthecourse.Whethertheypassorfailthetrainingprogramisdecidedbytutors,notbytrainingfees.IMPLEMENTATIONDETAILSFORTHETRAININGNet-orientedtrainingprogramandJava-orientedtrainingprogrambasedonourpurchaseofonlinetrainingsystem.Withthisonlinesystem,wecannotonlyopenandcloseteachingmaterials,butalsoprovidevariousmultimediacoursewaresforstudentstolearn.Wekeepadjustingouroriginalteachingplan,teachingcontentsandthecorrespondingevaluationmethodstoimproveourtrainingqualityforgoodemploymentrates.Nowwediscussourexperiencetrainingprogramfromteachingcontents,implementationprocess,andevaluationmethodstoteachingeffects.A.TeachingBesides,studentsmustlearntointegrateknowledgeofrequirementsanalysisanddesignfordifferentphasesofsoftwarelifecycle.Forexample,theyhavetodeliverrequirementsanalysisspecificationbasedonobject-orientedanalysiswithUMLasdescriptiontoolinrequirementsanalysis.Andtheyneedtoprovidetestplanandtestresultsinunittestandintegratingtest.Fortrainingpreparation,tutorswillreviewrelatedbasictheoryandconceptsforstudents.Studentsarerequiredtounderstandtheknowledgeanddosomecodingexercises.Aftertrainingpreparation,studentsarerequiredtocompleteaselectedprojectwithapplicationofallknowledgementionedabove.Withinaworkingteam,theyhavedifferentworkingtasksbasedondifferentrolesintheteam.Inthisprocess,tutorswillgiveguidanceandcodehelp.Studentsonlylearnedlimitedknowledgeaboutframeworks,sotutorsneedtoputmanyeffortsonframeworkprincipleandflexibleapplicationofframeworksindevelopmenttomeetrequirements.Thethirdkindisdevelopmentknowledge,whichincludespagesprototypedesign,detaileddesign,databasedesign,codingspecification,testandrelatedprojectmanagementknowledge.Inprojecttrainingprocess,studentswilllearnthecorrespondingskillsbeforeeachstageofsoftwarelifecycle.Thentheyhavechancestopracticeandputthemintorealapplication.C.ImplementaionInfirststageofpreparation,wefinishedworkfromphase1to3showedinFig.4.Insecondstageofpracticalprojecttraining,wefinishedworkfromphase4to12.InFig.4,weillustratedimplementationdetailsforstudentsandtutors.Inphase1,wechosesomequalifiedcandidatestudentsbasedonwrittentheorytestandprogrammingtestwithcomputersbecausenotallstudentscanfollowthewholetrainingprocess.Inphase2,tutorsgavesynopsisexplanationoffundamentalknowledge.Althoughstudentshavelearnedtheneededknowledgeindependently,theycan’tcombinethemtogethertosolvespecificproblems.Inphase3,studentsarerequiredtopracticethesmallitemwithintegratedframeworksandrelatedprofessionalknowledge.Inphase4,alltrainingstudentsaredividedintodifferentprojectteamswithfreeInphase5,studentsneedtofullyunderstandrequirementsoftheselectedprojectbasedonthecompany’sbusiness.Inphase6,eachteamneedstopresenttheirdeliverablesfortutorstodecidewhethertheirdeliverablesmeetsoftwarerequirements.Inphase7,studentsarerequiredtocompleteobject-orientedclassesdesign,databasedesignandthedetaileddesignspecificationwriting.Inphase8,similartothepreviousreviewprocess,students’achievementshavetobereviewedbyalltutorstodecidewhetherthedesignneedsmodification.Inphase9,incodingstage,tutorsmustputmuchenergyintoguidanceorcompletetheworkhelpedbyexcellentstudentsasteachingassistants.Inphase10,tutorswillreviewcodespecificationandrunningresultsoftheInphase11,studentsneedtotesttheunitsbyJUnitorothertoolsandtesttheintegratedsoftwareusingblack-boxmethodorsometesttoolkitsuchasLoadRunner.Inphase12,ifthesoftwareisnotqualifiedintestreview,studentshavetomodifythecodeandtestitagain.Ifthereviewispassed,studentscansummarizewhattheyhavedoneinthewholetrainingprocessandwhattheyhavelearnedandshouldimproveinthefuturework.D.FlexibleEvaluationStudentsarerequiredtomastersomebasictheoryforentrancetestofsoftwarecompanies.Sowrittenexaminationisnecessaryandirreplaceable.weadoptedpeerreviewastheevaluationapproachreferencedbymanysoftwarecompanies,thatis,coursetutorsgroupdecideswhethertheachievementsisqualified.TeamleaderofeachgroupneedstopresenttheirdeliverablesinChineseorinEnglishandanswerallquestionsorambiguityforthedeliverables.Ifthereviewisnotpassed,studentshavetomodifytheirdeliverablesandrepeatthereviewprocess.Ifthereviewispassed,studentscangotothenextstepofthetrainingprocess.Forexample,studentswilldeliverdetaileddesignspecificationaftertheyfinishedobject-orienteddesignanddatabasedesign.Similartothereviewprocessmentionedabove,theachievementshavetobereviewedbyalltutorstodecidewhetherthedesignneedsmodification.Bythesevariousandflexibleevaluationmethods,studentsnotonlypracticetheirexpressionabilitybothinwrittenandspoken,butalsomasterthemostimportantdevelopmenttechnologyandbasictheory.E.TeachingDuringtraining,wefocusonhierarchicalteachingandteamcooperationtogetgoodteachingeffects.Forhierarchicalteaching,wedividedtheselectedstudentsintodifferentteachingclassbasedontheirpracticalabilityandchoosedifferentframeworkknowledge.Forstudentsofdifferentlevels,wealsoadopteddifferentevaluationmethods.Forthelowlevelstudents,thecorrespondingevaluationismucheasiercomparedtothehighlevelstudents.Forteamcooperation,weorganizedstudentsintodifferentprojectteamstofinishthecompleterequirementsunderstanding,pagesprototypedesign,detaileddesign,codingandtestingasawhole.Onlyonemembercanhardlyfinishthework.Tocooperatewithothermembers,studentsmustexpresstheirideasandcommunicatewithdifferentkindsofpeople.Weputmuchemphasisonteamcooperationbecauseallemploymentforsoftwarecompaniesemphasizestheimportanceofteamcooperation,butalldailyteachingcanhardlytrainourstudents’cooperationcapability.Inthisthreeyearsimplementationofthetrainingprogram,weoptimizedourteachingcontents