河南省鄭州市2021屆高三階段性考試(三)英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

2020～2021年度河南省高三階段性考試（三）英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.本試卷共150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。第一部分聽(tīng)力做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.HowmanypeoplearethereinBob’sfamily?A.Five.B.FourC.Three.2.What’stheman?A.Ateacher.B.Amusician.C.Asalesman.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Gotothelibrarytogether.B.Takeanexamseparately.CReturnabooktogether.4.WhichisthebestseasontovisittheFragrantHills?A.Summer.B.Winter.C.Fall.5.Wherearethespeakerstalkingnow?A.Onthephone.B.Attheairport.C.Intheflight.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasworkedthewholemorning.B.Hehasplantedflowersinthegarden.C.Hehasmadenoodlesforhismother.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttoeat?A.Beef.B.Noodles.C.Tomatoes.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.9.Whoisintheyard?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman’sgrandparents.聽(tīng)第8段材料回答第10至12題。10.Whatthewomandoing?A.Lookingforasuitablejob.B.Interviewingtheman.C.Talkingwiththemanaboutherjob.11.Whatwastheman’spreviousjob?A.Amarketresearcher.B.Asalesmanager.C.Asalesman.12.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Workasamanager.B.GotoChinaforbusiness.C.Starthisjobinthenewcompany.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.14.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Eatingsomethinghisroom.B.Packinghisluggage.C.Receivingthewomancustomer.15.Whenisthemangoingtocheckout?A.Aboutaquartertotwelve.B.Abouthalfpasteleven.C.Beforehavinglunch.16.Whatdoesthemanfeelabouthisstay?A.Disappointed.B.Satisfied.C.Bored.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlongwillsunburnbeusuallyrecovered?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Withinsevendays.C.Atleastsevendays.18.Howcanyoutreatyourslightsunburn?A.Bydrinkingsomeboiledwater.B.Byhavingwarmbath.CBytakingsomefoodswithVitaminE.19.Whatmightsunburnleadto?A.Skincancer.B.Gettingoldslowly.C.Turningblack.20.Whenmightyougetsunburntmoreeasily?A.At10am,June.B.At4pm,July.C.At3pm,August.第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASongkranDuration:fromApril12to15,2020inPhuket(Thedatesvarydependingontheregions).Location:SongkranistheThaiNewYear.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff,andmostThaipeoplewillbegoingbackhometocelebrateSongkranwiththeirfamilies.Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.Details:StaringintheearlymorningonApril13th,thewaterceremonywilltakemanyforms.Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(灑)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.It’sgoodluck.ThenyousprinkleastatueofBuddhaveryrespectfullyanddoalittlepray.Laterinthemorning,thegamestartstochange.Becausethisisthehottesttimeoftheyear,sprinklingeachotherwithwaterisalotoffun.AddalittlebeertothatandSongkranturnsintoacountry-widewaterwar.ItstartsrathergentlyinPhuketTownaround10am,turningtowaterdogfights(混戰(zhàn))intheafternooninPatong,KataandKaron,andendsfull-scalewetwarzoneinBanglaRoaduntillateatnight.SurvivalTips:★Don’tdriveabikeifyoucanavoidit.It’sslipperyandthetendencytocloseeyeswhenwateristhrownatyouisdangerous.★Getawaterproofcamera★Beawareofmajortrafficjamsintowns,mostlyinPatongBeach.★Don’tcarryanythingthatdoesn’tresistwater.★Don’twearexpensiveclothing.★Beawareofthesun!★Havefun!Don’ttakeittooseriously,it’sgood.1.WhydotrafficjamshappenduringSognkran?A.Theroadisslippery.B.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff.C.Thepeoplearethrowingwaterateachother.D.Everyoneissprinklinghisfamilyontheroad.2.What’sthefirststeptocelebrateSongkran?A.Doingalittlepray. B.SprinklingastatueofBuddha.C.Sprinklingfamilywithalittlewater. D.Sprinklingeachotherwithmuchbeer.3.WhichofthefollowingisrecommendedduringSongkran?A.Carryinganumbrella. B.Wearingcheapclothes.C.Bringingsomecash. D.Ridingabicycle【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了泰國(guó)的潑水節(jié)和參加潑水節(jié)的一些注意事項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.”可知，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都在外面的皮卡車上相互潑水，所以道路上交通堵塞嚴(yán)重。由此可出，在潑水節(jié)期間發(fā)生交通堵塞是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谙嗷娝９蔬xC項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(灑)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.”可知，一開(kāi)始你應(yīng)該向你的家人灑一小杯水。由此可出，慶祝潑水節(jié)的第一步是給家人灑點(diǎn)水。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SurvivalTips部分句子“Don’twearexpensiveclothing.”可知，不要穿貴的衣服。由此可知，在潑水節(jié)期間，推薦穿便宜點(diǎn)兒的衣服。故選B項(xiàng)。BFourdaysoffun,sunandcelebrities,aswellasnetworking,careerworkshopsandmentoring(指導(dǎo)),wereinstorefortwoLongIslandteenschosentotakepartinthe12thannualDisneyDreamersAcademy(DDA)atWaltDisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Florida.Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.BorninCharleston,SouthCarolina,KaiyaSimmons,14,movedtoMillerPlaceattheageof3.AninthgraderatMissPorterSchoolinFarmington,Connecticut,Kaiyasayssheenjoysacting,artandscienceandiscurrentlystudyingenvironmentalscience.“Itisfunlearningabouttheenvironmentanddifferentwaystohelpprotectit,”Kaiyasays,adding,“Iamalsolearningdifferenttechniquestoimprovemyactingonstageandinfilm.”Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.TiannaGonzales,a10thgraderatSachemNorthHighSchool,isinterestedinpsychologyandmusicandplayssaxophone(aninstrument)fortheschool’smarchingband,orchestraandband.Otherschoolactivitiesincludetrack,ModelUnitedNations,foreignlanguageandartclubhonorsocieties.“OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.”TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTraceyD.Powell,vicepresidentofWaltDisneyWorldResort.4.WhatcanweknowaboutthetwoLongIslandteens?A.Theyexperiencedfourdaysoffuninastore.BTheycommunicatedcloselywithtwocelebrities.C.Theytookpartinacostumedesigncompetition.D.They’rerecognizedascelebritiesbythe12thannualDDA.5.WhatisKaiya’sdreamaftergraduating?A.Tobecomeamovieactress. B.Tostudyenvironmentalsciencefurther.C.Totakeupaprofessionasadoctor. D.ToreturntoherhometownMillerPlace.6.WhatcanbestdescribeTianna?A.Creativeandserious. B.Ambitiousandresponsible.C.Straightforwardbutfriendly. D.Determinedbutconservative.7.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.TointroducetheaimoftheDDA.B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.ToencouragemoreteenstotakepartintheDDA.D.ToprovideinformationabouttheparticipantsoftheDDA.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了來(lái)自格羅夫湖的TiannaGonzales和來(lái)自米勒廣場(chǎng)的KaiyaSimmons被選中參加迪士尼夢(mèng)想家學(xué)院活動(dòng)的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.”（來(lái)自LakeGrove的TiannaGonzales和MillerPlace的KaiyaSimmons從數(shù)千名申請(qǐng)者中脫穎而出，他們是100名年輕人的一員，參加了魔法王國(guó)游行，并與奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)服裝設(shè)計(jì)師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進(jìn)行了交談）可知，這兩個(gè)青少年與兩位名人——服裝設(shè)計(jì)師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進(jìn)行親密地交流。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.”可知，高中畢業(yè)后，Kaiya希望能進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)，成為一名醫(yī)生，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.””可知，她說(shuō)：“畢業(yè)后，我計(jì)劃進(jìn)入電影界，希望能考上紐約大學(xué)或紐約電影學(xué)院?！薄巴ㄟ^(guò)講故事，我們可以讓這個(gè)世紀(jì)對(duì)社會(huì)變革產(chǎn)生更大的吸引力”，由此可推斷，Tianna是一位有志氣且有責(zé)任心的人。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTracey”可知，迪斯尼夢(mèng)想家學(xué)院旨在在他們發(fā)展關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，幫助激發(fā)年輕人，“我們的目標(biāo)是幫助他們看到無(wú)限的可能性和激勵(lì)他們實(shí)現(xiàn)其全部的目標(biāo)，成為自己故事的英雄”，特蕾西說(shuō)，由此可知，本段的主要目的是介紹迪士尼的夢(mèng)想家學(xué)院活動(dòng)的目的。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】

CTherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.InApril,FrenchPrimeMinisterEdouardPhilippeannouncedaninternationalcompetitionforarchitectstoredesignthecathedral’s19thcenturyspire(尖頂),whichfelldownafterafiredestroyedthe850-year-oldGothiclandmark.ParisfirmVincentCallebautArchitectures(VCA)respondedtothecallwithaneco-friendlydesignthatsupportsthelocalpopulationandproducesmoreenergythanituses.TheVincentCallebaut(VC)projectistitled“Palingenesis”,aGreekconceptofrebirthorrecreation.Thefilmproposesanewroofmadeofgalss,oakandcarbonfiber,whichconnects“inonesinglecurvedstrokeofpencil”totheslopingspire.Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfronttheremainsafterthefire,willresumeitswatchfromthenewglassdesign,whilethecathedral’schoirwillbe“bathedinnaturallight”.Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蟻丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Weseektopresentasupremeproject,asymbolofalivelyandecologicalfuture.”IftheVincentCallebautdesignisselected,thefirmsaid,therebornNotreDamewilldefine“thenewfaceoftheChurchinthe21stcentury”,presenting“afairersymbioticrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.”8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedesignofNotreDamebyVCA?A.Itisfocusedonthethemeof“green”.B.Itgetsthemostlocalsupportthantheothers.C.ItcanrecoverNotreDame’soriginalappearance.D.Itisfromthemostfamousarchitectaroundtheworld.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“resumeitswatch”inparagraph2mean?A.Bemadeofhigh-techmaterials. B.Showpeopletherighttimeagain.C.Beremovedandplacedsomewhereelse. D.OverlookNotreDameagainatitsoriginalplace.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theinspirationofthedesign. B.Thefunctionoftheroofandthespire.C.AdetailedintroductionoftheVCAproject. D.ThesymbolofNotreDameforthelocalpeople.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureofthenewNotreDamelooksblack.B.TheproposalfortheNotreDamehasbeenapproved.C.TheVCAisconfidentaboutwinningthecompetition.D.ThenewdesignofNotreDamewillbeamixofhistory,scienceandart.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.D【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了巴黎的一家名為VincentCallebaut的建筑公司對(duì)未來(lái)重建巴黎圣母院提出了自己的設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)想?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.”可知，重建后的巴黎圣母院將以未來(lái)主義的玻璃設(shè)計(jì)、太陽(yáng)能和一個(gè)援助巴黎弱勢(shì)群體和無(wú)家可歸者的城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)為特色。可知，太陽(yáng)能和一個(gè)援助巴黎弱勢(shì)群體和無(wú)家可歸者的城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)這些都具有綠色環(huán)保的特征，故VCA對(duì)巴黎圣母院的設(shè)計(jì)主題是“綠色環(huán)?！?。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfrontheremainsafterthefire,will”以及后文“fromthenewglassdesign”可知，在火災(zāi)后從廢墟中找到的原塔頂?shù)墓u，在新設(shè)計(jì)中依然從原位置重新俯瞰（圣母院）。故畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)意思為“在原來(lái)的位置俯瞰圣母院”。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蟻丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.”可知在塔尖下，屋頂上將有一個(gè)由慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和志愿者運(yùn)營(yíng)的水果和蔬菜農(nóng)場(chǎng)，為當(dāng)?shù)厝鮿?shì)群體提供免費(fèi)食物。該公司在一份新聞稿中表示：“每年最多可收獲21噸水果和蔬菜，并直接免費(fèi)再分配。”為此，每周都會(huì)在圣母院的前院組織一場(chǎng)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)。屋頂和尖頂也將為教堂產(chǎn)生電力、熱量和通風(fēng)，玻璃內(nèi)的“有機(jī)活動(dòng)層”將提供太陽(yáng)能，而屋頂?shù)你@石形“鱗片”將打開(kāi)提供自然通風(fēng)——這一設(shè)計(jì)靈感來(lái)自白蟻丘。這個(gè)尖塔在冬天會(huì)成為熱空氣聚集的地方。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了VincentCallebaut對(duì)屋頂和尖頂?shù)墓δ茉O(shè)計(jì)。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?(我們?nèi)绾渭饶軙?shū)寫(xiě)我們國(guó)家的現(xiàn)代史，又能同時(shí)書(shū)寫(xiě)科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和精神的現(xiàn)代史？)”可推斷，新的巴黎圣母院將會(huì)是歷史、科技和藝術(shù)的融合體。故選D。DAnewstudypublishedthisweekinthejournalNatureCommunicationshasconcludedthata100percentchangetoorganic(有機(jī)的)foodproductioninEnglandandWaleswouldactuallyleadtoagreatincreaseingreenhousegasemissions(排放).Inturn,thiswouldcontributetofurtherclimatechange.Althoughorganicfarmingdirectlypoursoutfeweremissionsthanconventionalfarming—around20percentlowerforcropsand4percentforfarmanimals—itproducesnotablylessfood.Astothisstudy’sfindings,totalorganicagricultureinEnglandandWaleswouldproduce40percentlessfood.Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Organicfarmingalsoincreasestheamountofabsorbingcarbon,aprocesswherecarbondioxide(CO2)is“absorbed”outoftheatmosphereandcapturedbyplantsandstoredinthesoil.However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.“Wepredictadropintotalfoodproductionof40percentunderafullyorganicfarmingprocess,comparedtoconventionalfarming,ifwekeeptothesamenationaldiet,”DrAdrianWilliams,leadauthorandreaderinAgri-EnvironmentalSystemsatCranfieldUniversity,saidinastatement.“Thisresultsfromlowercropquantity,becauseoutputislimitedbyalowersupplyofnitrogen,whichismainlyfromothercropsorsolidwastefromcattleonthegrassland.”Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.Inconclusion,thestudysuggeststhatorganicfarmingwillcontinuetoplayakeyroleinresolvingtheworld’senvironmentalproblems.However,it’sjustonepartofamuchwidersolution.12.WhatwilltotalorganicagriculturebringtoEngland?A.Moremainfood. B.Morespeciescrop.C.Morefoodimports. D.Morefreshoxygen.13.Howdoesorganicfarmingincreasetheamountofabsorbingcarbon?A.BytakinginCO2. B.BychangingCO2.C.BygivingoffCO2. D.ByproducingCO2.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaystoreduceorganicfarming. B.Theresultscausedbyorganicfarming.C.Thesolutiontotheenvironmentproblems. D.Theadvantagesoforganicfarming.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Organicfarming,greenfood B.Organicfarming,ourhopeinfutureC.Organicfarming,amistakewemade D.Organicfarming,adouble-edgedsword【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)存在的弊端和優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.由于市場(chǎng)上的糧食減少，這些國(guó)家將需要增加糧食進(jìn)口，這將產(chǎn)生更多的全球溫室氣體排放?？芍?，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)自身產(chǎn)量不足，那就需要增加食品進(jìn)口量。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.然而，即使完全轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，也只相當(dāng)于海外土地使用帶來(lái)的更高排放的一小部分?？芍?，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)也增加了對(duì)碳的吸收，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，二氧化碳從大氣中被“吸收”進(jìn)來(lái)，被植物捕獲并存在土壤中。故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.然而，必須指出的是，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)仍然對(duì)環(huán)境有一些有益的好處，例如減少接觸化學(xué)品和改善生物的種類?？芍?，該段講述的是有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)仍然對(duì)環(huán)境有一些好處。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。文章介紹了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)有一些弊端，但目前它還有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它對(duì)環(huán)境有好處也有一定危害，所以它是一把雙刃劍。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】標(biāo)題猜測(cè)題。主旨大意題的一種，標(biāo)題應(yīng)位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，或句子。確定文章標(biāo)題，第一，標(biāo)題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；第三，標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太小；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)新穎，概括性強(qiáng)并且精煉。小題4中D選項(xiàng)概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inanancientfolktale,agiantrockblockstheentrancetoacarefilledwithtreasure.Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!”____16____Passwordshavechangedeversince.Nowtheysafeguarddigitaltreasures,suchaspictures,messages,anddocuments.Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.____17____Andwhentheycanfigureoutaperson’spassword,theycanaccessprivateinformation.Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.____18____Therearepasswordstoavoidifyouwanttobesafeonline.Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.____19____Hackerstypethisinformationintocomputerprogramsthatcanguessthetarget’spasswords.Oneofthebestwayskidscankeeptheirinformationsecureisbythinkingupstrongpasswords.Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?____20____Forexample,alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.It’sbestifthephraseisrelevanttoyourlifebecauseyou’llbelesslikelytoforgetit.Thentakethefirstletterorfirstcoupleoflettersfromeachwordinthatphrase,andbeginswitchingthoseletterstosymbolsornumbers.Usebothuppercaseandlowercase(大寫(xiě)和小寫(xiě))letterstomakethepasswordeventrickiertocrack(破解).A.Youcanthinkofafunphrase.B.Thisisanearlyexampleofapassword.C.Thismayincludeadateofbirthorapet’sname.D.Youwillbenefitfrommakingyourpasswordsstronger.E.Nowonderyourinformationwasstolenacoupleoftimes.F.Inthedigitalworld,these“wrongpeople”arecalledhackers.G.Evenworse,thehackersmightusetheinformationtocommitcrimes.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了密碼的變化以及怎樣設(shè)置安全的密碼。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!””可知，房門(mén)只為那些大聲說(shuō)密碼的人開(kāi)設(shè)。而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)“這是密碼的早期例子”，是對(duì)上一句的總結(jié)概括。Open,sesame(芝麻)!對(duì)應(yīng)earlyexample。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.可知密碼存在的理由還是一樣的，即不讓錯(cuò)誤的人進(jìn)入。而F項(xiàng)“在數(shù)字的世界里，錯(cuò)誤的人被稱為黑客”，承接上文內(nèi)容。thewrongpeople是關(guān)鍵詞。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.可知，這樣讓他們可以玩一些惡作劇，如網(wǎng)上發(fā)布信息。而G項(xiàng)“黑客可能會(huì)利用這些信息進(jìn)行犯罪活動(dòng)”，承接上文內(nèi)容。informationonline對(duì)應(yīng)usetheinformation。故選G項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.可知，黑客們第一次會(huì)試用密碼123456，然后嘗試用潛在目標(biāo)的公共信息進(jìn)行解密。而C項(xiàng)“這可能包括生日或?qū)櫸锏拿帧保薪由衔?，是?duì)上文的進(jìn)一步解釋。adateofbirthorapet’sname對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的publicinformation。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?可知，想出一個(gè)你很容易記住的密碼，但是別人難猜的密碼。而A項(xiàng)“你可以選一個(gè)有趣的短語(yǔ)”，承接上文，是對(duì)上文的解釋說(shuō)明且承接下文。下文中的alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.是對(duì)上文afunphrase的具體解釋。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完型填空閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.Asmyparentsareboth____21____,theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram,____22____inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion,whichisfamousasthetownwhereVincentvanGogh____23____someofhismostfamousworks.We____24____fromSwitzerlandonaFrenchtrain.Itranwellandwas____25____,andweeasilyfoundtaxis____26____outsidetheArlestrainstation.OurapartmentwaslocatedonRuedelaCalade,a____27____streetinthecenterofthecity.Itwas____28____—withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.OurfirstdayinArleswas____29____walkingaroundandjustgettingafeelofthearea.Wehad____30____ourapartmentforthreeweeks!Thefirstday’s____31____wetookoutsideofArleswastoSt.Rémy,wherevanGoghonce____32____inamentalhospitalwhilestillpaintingsomeofhismostbeloved____33____.Todayyoucanvisitalltheplacesthathepaintedatalthoughtheyaren’tascompletely____34____astheyusedtobe.St.Rémyisabeautifullittletown,though—lotsofplacesto____35____.MyfamilyandItookadaytourtotheCamargue,anearbynature____36____,whichisFrance’swildwest,ourlastweekinArles.Wegotthe____37____wehadbookedthroughtheArlestouristoffice,whichcansometimesbe____38____.Thetourwas,althoughalittlelong,beautifulineveryway.IfintheSouthofFrance,I____39____recommendvisitingtheCamargue.Sooverall,ArlesandtheSouthofFranceisexcellent.____40____stoppingforsomedays!21.A.teachers B.artists C.officers D.doctors22.A.stayed B.stood C.located D.collapsed23.A.invented B.cited C.discovered D.painted24.A.arrived B.emerged C.parted D.escaped25.A.inturn B.invain C.onschedule D.onbusiness26.A.striking B.running C.passing D.waiting27.A.busy B.corporate C.modern D.remote28.A.awesome B.delightful C.peaceful D.ordinary29.A.spent B.wasted C.comfortable D.worth30.A.bought B.cleaned C.built D.booked31.A.bonus B.plan C.trip D.distance32.A.volunteered B.lived C.served D.died33.A.domains B.jewels C.treasures D.works34.A.unattractive B.unchanged C.unsure D.unpopular35.A.decorate B.dominate C.visit D.avoid36.A.preserve B.habitat C.base D.farmland37.A.awards B.tickets C.contracts D.envelopes38.A.helpful B.humble C.beneficial D.domestic39.A.quickly B.simply C.nervously D.highly40.A.Mean B.Like C.Try D.Hate【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.D34.B35.C36.A37.B38.A39.D40.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者與父母一起去法國(guó)旅游的情況。他們拜訪了梵高曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)作著名作品之地，游覽了迷人的阿爾勒以及法國(guó)南部的自然保護(hù)區(qū)。文章描述了自然風(fēng)光之美以及作者依依不舍的情感?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲业母改付际撬囆g(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因?yàn)槲纳亍よ蟾咴鴦?chuàng)作過(guò)的一些著名作品而聞名。A.teachers教師；B.artists藝術(shù)家；C.officers軍官；D.doctors醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文“theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram”可知，父母決定帶作者去參加他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項(xiàng)目，由此推知作者的父母是藝術(shù)家。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲业母改付际撬囆g(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因?yàn)槲纳亍よ蟾咴鴦?chuàng)作過(guò)的一些著名作品而聞名。A.stayed停留；B.stood站立；C.located位于；D.collapsed垮塌。設(shè)空處后為“inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion”，可知此處表示的是地點(diǎn)，locatedin：位于……，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲业母改付际撬囆g(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因?yàn)槲纳亍よ蟾咴鴦?chuàng)作過(guò)的一些著名作品而聞名。A.invented創(chuàng)造；B.cited引用；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.painted畫(huà)畫(huà)。梵高是畫(huà)家，他在這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)作繪畫(huà)作品，使它變得出名。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們乘法國(guó)火車從瑞士抵達(dá)阿爾勒市。A.arrived到達(dá)；B.emerged出現(xiàn)；C.parted分離；D.escaped逃跑。由文章后句“weeasilyfoundtaxis…outsidetheArlestrainstation”可知，作者他們到達(dá)了阿爾勒火車站，這說(shuō)明作者他們從瑞士乘坐去法國(guó)南部的火車到達(dá)的那里。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：它運(yùn)行良好準(zhǔn)時(shí)，而且我們很容易在阿爾勒火車站外找到正在等待的出租車。A.inturn反過(guò)來(lái)；B.invain徒勞；C.onschedule準(zhǔn)時(shí)；D.onbusiness出差。根據(jù)“Itranwell”可知，火車運(yùn)行良好，由此推知它是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它運(yùn)行良好準(zhǔn)時(shí)，而且我們很容易在阿爾勒火車站外找到正在等待的出租車。A.striking打擊；B.running跑步；C.passing經(jīng)過(guò)；D.waiting等候。由常識(shí)可知，火車站外會(huì)有很多等待乘客的出租車。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的公寓位于RuedelaCalade，它是市中心一條繁忙的街道。A.busy繁忙的；B.corporate全體的，共同的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.remote遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，市中心的街道應(yīng)該是繁忙的。故選A項(xiàng)。28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它非常令人愉快，這里鋪著石頭地板，擁有整潔的房間，鄰居們也很友好。A.awesome令人驚嘆的，使人驚懼的；B.delightful令人高興的；C.peaceful和平的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)下文的“withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.”可知，這里方方面面的環(huán)境都很好，所以非常令人高興和愉快。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?cè)诎柪盏牡谝惶焓撬奶幾邉?dòng)一下，來(lái)對(duì)該地區(qū)有所了解。A.spent度過(guò)；B.wasted浪費(fèi)；C.comfortable舒適的；D.worth有價(jià)值的。此處表示作者一行的第一天是在四周走走，感受當(dāng)?shù)氐拈e逛中度過(guò)的，spendtimedoing：花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們預(yù)定了三個(gè)星期的公寓。A.bought買；B.cleaned清掃；C.built建造；D.booked預(yù)定。由常識(shí)可知，旅行之前要訂好住宿的地方，本句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即在阿爾勒的這套公寓是作者一家早就預(yù)訂好的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開(kāi)阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌?，梵高曾?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時(shí)他還在畫(huà)他最喜愛(ài)的一些作品。A.bonus津貼；B.plan計(jì)劃；C.trip旅行；D.distance距離。由文章首段“RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.”可知，作者一家是去旅行，因此選擇trip，表示第一天的“旅程”。故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：離開(kāi)阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌?，梵高曾?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時(shí)他還在畫(huà)他最喜愛(ài)的一些作品。A.volunteered志愿做；B.lived生活；C.served服務(wù)；D.died死亡。根據(jù)“inamentalhospital”可知，梵高因?yàn)樯。枰≡卺t(yī)院里。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開(kāi)阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌?，梵高曾?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時(shí)他還在畫(huà)他最喜愛(ài)的一些作品。A.domains范圍，領(lǐng)地；B.jewels珠寶；C.treasures財(cái)富；D.works作品。由上文的“stillpainting”可知，此處是指梵高當(dāng)時(shí)正在畫(huà)他的作品。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，你可以參觀他畫(huà)畫(huà)時(shí)所在的地方，盡管它們并沒(méi)有像以前那樣完全不變。A.unattractive無(wú)趣的，令人反感的；B.unchanged不變的；C.unsure不確定的；D.unpopular不流行的。該句子表示梵高畫(huà)畫(huà)的地方隨著時(shí)間的推移也發(fā)生了一點(diǎn)變化，不會(huì)一模一樣了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不過(guò)，圣雷米是一個(gè)美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，有很多值得參觀的地方。A.decorate裝飾；B.dominate支配；C.visit參觀；D.avoid避免。由though表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，St.Remy雖然小，但有很多值得參觀的地方。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我的家人進(jìn)行了一日游，參觀了附近的自然保護(hù)區(qū)Camargue，這是法國(guó)的狂野西部，這是我們上周在阿爾勒的行程。A.preserve保護(hù)區(qū)；B.habitat棲息地；C.base基地；D.farmland農(nóng)場(chǎng)。根據(jù)后文“wildwest”可知，Camargue是法國(guó)的西部荒野地區(qū)，即Camargue是自然保護(hù)區(qū)，合乎語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名