Unit4Grammar定語(yǔ)從句1課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修第一冊(cè)

TheAttributiveClause定語(yǔ)從句

什么叫定語(yǔ)---限定或修飾名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)叫定語(yǔ)，一般由形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等作定語(yǔ)。E.g.a

tree

a

light

agasabikethestudentstallbrightsmellyunderthetreeintheclassroom定語(yǔ)從句什么叫定語(yǔ)從句—什么叫先行詞—定語(yǔ)從句的位置—用句子作定語(yǔ)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞一般在先行詞的后面E.g.A:Themansellsvegetables.B:Helivesnexttous.↓wholivesnexttousTheman

sellsvegetables.wholivesnexttous先行詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞包含關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞作用：@充當(dāng)成分：做主、賓、定、狀成分@代替先行詞：指代上詞內(nèi)容@引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一連詞ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.that關(guān)系詞who,whom,which,that,whose(=ofwhich),aswhen（時(shí)間）,where（地點(diǎn)）,why（原因）。作狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的位置定語(yǔ)從句一定放在被修飾句詞或代詞后面。eg.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句

Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞Mysister

whoistwentyworksinabank.先行詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞啥時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞啥時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞呀?。。∵x用關(guān)系詞，需要看兩點(diǎn)：

看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞做定語(yǔ)用關(guān)系形容詞（whose)指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略whowhomwhichthatwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物人人(人/物)的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省可省不可省物；句子Theman_________hasapositiveattitudewillsucceed.who/that

Thegirl___________issittinginthecornerbehaveswell.who/thatThisistheperson

_________________Italkedtojustnow.(whom/who/that)Thisisthepersonto________Italkedjustnow.介詞后的whom不可省略of,to,from,about...介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom（指人）

和which（指物）。whom

Thinkingisthekey________

opensthedoorsoftheworld.

which/that

Thehouse______________I’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm________

Ihaveseen.

(which/that)(which/that)Ihavemanyfriends_______________

Isendpostcardstobeforetheirbirthday.Ihavemanyfriendsto________Isendpostcardsbeforetheirbirthday.(who/whom/that)whomDon’texpectpeopletodothings________

youwouldn’tdoyourself.which/thatJanehasborrowedthebook_________

waswrittenbyLaoshe.which/that

Thegirl________fatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.That’stheman______________housewasburneddown).whosewhose

That’sthemachine____________partsaretoosmalltosee.whose指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略whowhomwhichthatwhoseSummary:關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物人人(人/物)的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省作賓語(yǔ)可省可省不可省物;句子*

定語(yǔ)從句不用that的情況：1.后不可用that，只能用which或者who2.介詞后（about,from,to,of,in......）指物用：指人用：which

whom

★圍繞高考來(lái)釋難1、Doyouhaveanything__youwanttosayforyourself?2、Thisistheverybook__I’mlookingfor.3、Thisisthebest__hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4、WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm__youhaveseen?5、Iknowthethingsandpersons__hereferredto.6、Whichisthebike__youlost?7、Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory

whichproducedthings__couldcausepollution只用that的情況：1.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone時(shí)2.當(dāng)先行詞前面有only.any.few.little.no.

very等詞修飾時(shí)

3.當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

4.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)5.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)6.當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)7.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另外一個(gè)宜用that反之，如果一個(gè)用that另一個(gè)用which1.Hewastheonlypersoninhis

office____

wasinvited.AwhomBwhoseCthatDwhichPractice:2.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhothatthatthat______thebikehehasbeenrepaired?

A.DoesB.HasC.WasD.IsThewatch__________motherboughtyesterdayisverynice.(that/which)B(that)that(that)(that)(that)Nowfinishthefollowingexercises6.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.7.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.

8.Whoistheperson_____isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?9.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth?

that(that)thatthat1Completeeachsentenceusingthat,which,whoorwhose.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinesewithyourpartners.1.Herearemyneighbors______homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.whosewho3.Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersinopenairmadewithanything______theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings_______hadbeendamagedwererepaired.5.Thisfrightenedboy______motherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.thatthatwhose6.Wewenttoseeourteacher_______husbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.7.“Isthisyoungman_____savedseveralpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”sheasked.8.Anumberofchildren________parentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.whosewhowhose1.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___________givesofflightinthedark.

(2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空)that/which2.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose_______aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.(2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空)who3.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷·語(yǔ)法填空)who什么叫關(guān)系副詞—(常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞3個(gè)–)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的副詞where,when,whyThisisthefactory.Iworkedin

ittenyearsago.1.關(guān)系副詞where↓whichThisisthefactorywhichIworkedintenyearsago.ThisisthefactoryinwhichIworkedtenyearsago.Iworkedtheretenyearsago.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作_________,相當(dāng)于“介詞+_________(which)”。Thisisthefactorywhere

Iworkedtenyearsago.inwhich地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可以修飾case,condition,situation,instance等先行詞。e.g.Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood(正確；適用).Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?2.關(guān)系副詞whenThedaysaregoneforever.Welivedtogetherhappilyduring

thosedays.Thedayswhenwelivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever.whichThedaysduringwhich

welivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforeverwhen引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作_________,相當(dāng)于“介詞+_________(which)”。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingfor

them.3.關(guān)系副詞whywhy引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞reason,在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“for+which”。Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.whichTherearemanyreasonswhichpeopleliketravellingfor.Therearemanyreasonsforwhichpeopleliketravelling.

在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它也可以換為forwhich。在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。2.如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等時(shí)，則用

that或which。3.thereasonisthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用

that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不要受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤用because。TherelativeadverbReferring

to

Function

inthe

clausewhen(=at/in/on/…+which)where(=in/at/…+which)why(=for+which)timeadverbialoftimeplacereasonadverbialofplaceadverbialofreasonThemineswhyIgotajobwasthe5thofAugust.ThereasonwhereIworked

wasbecauseofmyhardwork.ThetimewhenIjoinedthe

were9kmfrom

ANCYouthLeaguemyhome.Thegovernmentbuildingwherewevoted

waslateatnight.ThedatewhenIarrivedwasverytall.1.Beijingistheplace_______________I wasborn.2.Isthisthereason______________he refusedouroffer?3.Iwillneverforgettheday_________ ______Ifirstmetyouontheseashore.4.Thereareoccasions______________ onemustyield.where(inwhich)why(forwhich)when(onwhich)when(onwhich)Fillintheblanks.n.

場(chǎng)合;時(shí)機(jī)on…occasion:在……時(shí)刻/場(chǎng)合Preposition+whichPreposition+whomWecouldexpectgooddecisionsfrom

you.Wethoughtyouweresuchaperson.Wethoughtyouweresuchapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.prep.objectofprepositionprep.relativepronounStudyandObserveYouweretobuydogfoodwith

themoney.Themoneyisgone.Themoneywith

whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.prep.objectofprepositionprep.relativepronounWeuseaprepositiontobeginanattributiveclausewhentherelativepronoun(whichorwhom)

istheobjectofthepreposition.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們用介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom或which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指人，用介詞+whom；如果指物，用介詞+which。A.Thisistheboy_____whomIplayed

tennisyesterday.Howtochoosetherightprepositions?Findoutwhichverbtheprepositionisusedwith.Forexample:B.Heistheman_____whomyoushouldgiveyourthanks.withtoA.Thefarm___whichweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.2.Findoutwhich

nounorpronoun

theclausemodifies.

Forexample:B.Thisisthetree______whichweusedtoplaygames.onunder3.Findout

themeaningoftheclause.Forexample:Thepen______whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.B.Thegas_______whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.(Heiswritingwiththepen.)(Wecannotlivewithoutthegas.)withwithout當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等不能拆開(kāi)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞提前。e.g.Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

Completethefollowingsentencesusing“preposition+which/whom”.1.Thisistherock___________theboyfelldownintothesea.2.Thefilmstar___________wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.3.TheWestLake_________Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.4.Thesubject________XiaoWangisgoodisphysics.fromwhichaboutwhomforwhichatwhich5.Thereason_________hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow.6.Theprofessor__________Mr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.7.Couldyoutellmetheday________youarrived?8.Iwilltreasurethedays______________Ilivedhere.withwhomonwhichinwhich/duringforwhichIlivedIwasstayingIworkedCompletethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclause.4.Theaddresstowhich_______________ ____