高中英語語法-分詞

高中英語語法-分詞第一頁，共10頁。分詞具有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征分詞可以帶狀語，及物動詞的分詞可以帶賓語分詞的特征第一頁第二頁，共10頁。語態(tài)形式及物動詞writeVi.go主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavinggone過去分詞writtengone說明及物動詞過去分詞有被動及完成的意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞沒有被動的意義。分詞的否定形式由not+分詞構(gòu)成。分詞在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)語。對比兩類動詞、兩種分詞形式的第二頁第三頁，共10頁。1.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式主動語態(tài)：表示分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進(jìn)行。eg.Crusoehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Laughingandtalking,theywentoutofthehall.Didyounoticehishandshaking?2.現(xiàn)在分詞完成式主動語態(tài)：表示分詞的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前已經(jīng)完成。eg.Havingfinishedhisbreakfast,hetookhisfishingthingsandwentintohisboat.Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.現(xiàn)在分詞第三頁第四頁，共10頁。3.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式被動語態(tài)：表示一個被動動作正在進(jìn)行。eg.ThecarbeingrepairedbelongstoMr.Smith.4.現(xiàn)在分詞完成式被動語態(tài)：表示分詞的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前已經(jīng)完成。eg.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltdownthestreetwillbeahospital.Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeenquestioned,themurdererwasthrownintoprison.第四頁第五頁，共10頁。

過去分詞只有一個形式，及物動詞的過去分詞有完成和被動的意義；不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成的意義，而沒有被動的意義。

eg.Thevisitorslookedsurprised.Areyoumarriedorsingle?Shehadherhairdressedyesterday.Youmayhaveyourworkdoneifyouaretoobusy.Heated,waterwillchangeintosteam.Encouragedbyhisteacher’swords,Robbytriedagainandsucceededintheend.過去分詞第五頁第六頁，共10頁。分詞和分詞短語的用法1.作定語單純分詞作定語前置，分詞短語作定語后置。eg.Askthechildrentokeepawayfromtherunningmachine.ThemangivingatalkisaprofessorfromtheUSA.MissGreenisateacherlovedbyallthestudents.Theboycryingtherelosthiswayhome.Theboilingwaterisgivingoutsteam.Thepeople

injured

intheaccidentlastweekarestillinhospital..第六頁第七頁，共10頁。Livinginthenextdoor,Iknowhimverywell.Notknowingwhattodo,

heturnedtohisfather.Havingbeensetfree,thedoctordiscoveredtheterriblewrongsthatthenobleshaddonetothepoor.Themangotonataxi,takingasuitcaseinhishand.Surroundedbyalotofnewsmen,themayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.Deeplymovedbythestory,

theireyeswerefulloftears.Helpedbyherfriend,

sheworkedouttheproblemintheend..表示時間、伴隨、方式、原因等。eg.2.

作狀語第七頁第八頁，共10頁。3.

作表語說明主語怎么樣。

eg.ThewholefamilyfeltexcitedaboutGrandpa’sarrival.Thestorysoundsveryexciting.Thelittleboyseemedfrightened.Hewassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecouldhardlyfallasleep..Thattheyhadwonthegamewassurprising.Whatthefatherhadsaidwasreallyencouraging.P