新高考英語二輪復習課時練第2部分完形填空與語法填空專題4第1 有提示詞類動詞 (含解析)

語法填空是對考生語法和上下文的語境理解的考查，要求考生具備語法知識、語篇知識、單詞拼寫和邏輯推理的能力等。年份卷別體裁話題短文詞數(shù)有提示詞無提示詞謂語動詞非謂語動詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換名詞代詞比較等級冠詞介詞連詞代詞副詞限定詞2022全國乙卷說明文第一個國際茶日230131011111000全國甲卷記敘文徒步旅行230132001111000新高考全國Ⅰ卷說明文GPNP計劃2252211001120002021全國乙卷說明文生態(tài)旅游198023110111000全國甲卷記敘文游覽西安古城墻176221101111000新高考全國Ⅰ卷記敘文游覽黃山2011121111020002020全國Ⅰ卷說明文中國無人探測器登月成功210312010002001全國Ⅱ卷說明文新年裝飾物的美好寓意205133000120000全國Ⅲ卷記敘文自然母親229222001012000新高考全國Ⅰ卷說明文博物館相關知識204312010012000語法填空可分為有提示詞類和無提示詞類兩種考查方式。一般情況下，七個小題為有提示詞類，常考查動詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞；三個小題為無提示詞類，?？疾榻樵~、冠詞、連詞和代詞。所以在復習備考中，我們要準確掌握以上詞類的用法，才能巧解和破解語法填空題。第1講有提示詞類——動詞動詞一般考查謂語動詞、非謂語動詞和動詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？吹揭粋€句子后，首先要確定其是用謂語動詞還是用非謂語動詞，然后再根據(jù)句意和相應的技法確定謂語動詞或非謂語動詞的具體形式。如果判斷發(fā)現(xiàn)此空既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞，那就應該考慮動詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換了?？键c一謂語動詞的考查技法一如何確定是否作謂語技法指導：句子結構分析法典例展示1.分析句子結構知此句為簡單句，在主語后面要填動詞，而且只有這一個動詞，則該空格應填謂語動詞。2.分析句子結構知此句為并列句，可知并列詞前后兩個句子都要有自己的謂語動詞。3.分析句子結構知此句為復合句，可知主句和從句都要有自己的謂語動詞。注意1.根據(jù)語境、并列謂語、時間標志詞等確定用哪種時態(tài)；2.根據(jù)主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系以確定語態(tài)；3.根據(jù)主語確定謂語動詞的數(shù)，做到主謂一致。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)TheGPNP60.(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems，preservingbiologicaldiversity，protectingecologicalbufferzones,61.andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”．分析句子結構可知，此句雖長，卻是一個簡單句。設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語TheGPNP之間為被動關系；敘述客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設空處應為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；主語是單數(shù)，謂語應用單數(shù)形式。故填isdesigned。技法二如何確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)解題思路技法點撥針對訓練1.慧眼識別標志詞認清?？紩r態(tài)的標志性時間狀語(1)看到often，usually，always，everytime，sometimes等時間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday，lastyear，in2022，theotherday，twodaysago，一段時間＋later等時間狀語，要想到用一般過去時。(3)看到tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek，inthefuture，soon等時間狀語，要想到用一般將來時。(4)看到atthismoment，atpresent，now等時間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在進行時。(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋時間段，eversince...等時間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。(6)看到bythen，bytheendof...等時間狀語，要想到用過去完成時。1.EverytimeIgohometoseemyfather，heoftenfishes(fish)intherivernearourvillage.2.Qizaiwasfound(find)asaweakbabypandain2009inQinlingMountains.3.Theexamresultswillbeput(put)uptomorrowafternoon.Pleasewaitpatiently.4.Thetwinsarehelping(help)theirmotherdothehouseworkatthismoment.5.(2022·全國甲)Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalked(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighestmountain.6.Byabout6000BC，peoplehaddiscovered(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.2.瞻前顧后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and，but，or，ratherthan，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。7.There，henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecame(become)anaccomplishedpublicspeaker.8.Theelephantsinvadedfarms，visited(visit)acardealershipandevenshowedupataretirementhome.3.通過“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when＋一般過去時(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.9.Iwasdriving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.10.Thismarksthefirsttimethatcategoricalrhythmhasbeenfound(find)inanonhumanmammal.11.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyouwillfeel(feel)better.”12.Therefore，itishightimethatwetook/shouldtake(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.4.通過“語境暗示”法分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標志性的時間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。13.Theword“thermopolium”literallymeant“aplacewheresomethinghotissold(sell)”atthattime.技法三如何確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)解題思路技法點撥針對訓練1.依據(jù)邏輯關系，辨析主動或被動(1)分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關系，應考慮用主動語態(tài)；若是被動關系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞，不同形式的被動語態(tài)的結構見下面的【注意】。(3)運用上面的技法來判斷是什么時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動詞的形式。1.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShore.2.(2020·全國Ⅰ)CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct)．”3.(2022·河南許平汝聯(lián)盟三模)Rather，itisseen(see)asatypicalreactiontothegrowingawarenessoftheproblemsthatcanresultfromclimatechangeandotherglobalthreats.2.牢記主動表被動含義的句式結構(1)當feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容詞時；(2)當cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物動詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時；(3)當breakout，takeplace，shutoff，turnoff，workout等動詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關閉，制定”等意思時。4.Therearemanyflowersinthegarden，whichsmell(smell)sosweetthattheyattractmanybutterflies.5.Thecoatyouboughtformeismadeofakindofclothwashing(wash)easily.6.Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.注意不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedoneshould/wouldbedone進行am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone——完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willhavebeendoneshould/wouldhavebeendone含有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞＋be＋done技法四如何確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式(主謂一致)解題原則技法點撥針對訓練1.語法一致原則(1)動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。(2)主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(3)and，both...and...連接兩個不同的主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(4)定語從句中關系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。(5)“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。1.(2022·浙江1月)Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewed/hasbeenviewed(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.2.(2019·天津改編)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgiven(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.Thepoetandwriterhas(have)producedmanyworks，someofwhichhavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.4.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwas(be)veryattractive.5.Manyaparenthas(have)hadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.2.就近一致原則(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常與最近的主語保持一致。(2)由there，here引起的句子中主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最近的主語保持一致。6.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherwas(be)moveddeeplybythemovingstory.7.(2022·陜西咸陽模擬)Eventhoughthereare(be)moreopportunitiestogooutanddofunthingsinthecity，itmaytakefocusawayfromyourstudies.3.意義一致原則(1)集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group等。(2)“the＋形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。(3)由分數(shù)、百分數(shù)或者some，apartof等修飾時，要根據(jù)所修飾的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。8.Theclasswere(be)doingexperimentwhentheteachercamein.9.Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.(have)10.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollectionis(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.注意what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但如果表語是復數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.考點二非謂語動詞的考查技法一如何確定是非謂語動詞典例展示(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)56．(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes57.thesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.分析句子結構可知，此句沒有并列連詞，知不是并列句，也沒有從屬連詞，知不是復合句，可以確定此句是簡單句；此句話已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞willbe，所以該空應填非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，該詞在句中作狀語，其邏輯主語是theGPNP，它們是主動關系，所以應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；此空位于句首，首字母應大寫。故填Covering。技法二如何確定作主語和表語的非謂語動詞考查方向解題思路針對訓練非謂語動詞作主語1.分析句子結構，找到句子的謂語部分，其前設空可能是缺少主語。如果是不具體的抽象的動作一般用-ing形式作主語；如果是具體的動作一般用不定式作主語。2.掌握一些it充當形式主語，動詞-ing形式/不定式作真正主語的句型，常見句型見下面的【注意】。1.Carrying(carry)alargequantityofcashcouldputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.2.(2019·全國Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.3.(2021·全國甲)Itispossibletowalk(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.非謂語動詞作表語1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，意為“令人感到……的”。2.動名詞作表語，表示對主語內(nèi)容的進一步說明和解釋。3.過去分詞作表語，意為“本身感到……的”。4.不定式作表語，表將來或目的。4.Thedayistocelebrate(celebrate)theimportanceandroleofphilosophyinourlives.5.(2018·全國Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged(challenge).6.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarareencouraging(encourage).注意it充當形式主語，常見的動詞-ing形式/不定式作真正主語的句型：(1)Itis/was＋形容詞(for/ofsb.)＋todosth.(2)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.(3)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(4)It’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth.技法三如何確定作賓語的非謂語動詞考查方向解題思路針對訓練作介詞的賓語1.介詞和帶介詞的固定搭配后一定跟動名詞作賓語。2.帶介詞to的短語后也跟動名詞作賓語。常見的帶介詞to的短語見下面的【注意】。3.介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前面有實義動詞do時，不定式要省略to。1.Somesayitisnecessaryforgraduatestospendmoneyinproducing(produce)embellishedresumesandbuyingsuitableclothes.2.Iwon’tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomestoholding(hold)chopsticks.3.Thewindowswereneveropenedexcepttoair(air)theroomforafewminutes.只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞和短語avoid，advise，appreciate，allow，admit，consider(考慮)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，giveup，beworth，putoff，insiston，keepon，succeedin等。4.Practicestaying(stay)highlyawareofyourbreath，yourpresence，andyourthoughts，andyouwillbecompletelyyourself.5.Youmayenjoyusingittodoresearchforaschoolproject，downloading(download)yourfavoritesongsorcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。6.(2022·浙江1月)ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplanstocontinue(continue)thepractice.既可跟動名詞作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語但表達含義不同的動詞短語eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記去做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得去做某事,rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.遺憾要做某事,regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事,can'thelptodosth.不能幫忙做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.盡力去做某事,trydoingsth.試著做某事))7.(2018·天津)Ididn’tmeantoeat(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptrying(try)it.8.(2018·浙江)Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.注意常見的帶介詞to的短語：be/getusedto習慣于；stickto堅持；objectto/beopposedto反對；leadto導致；devoteto獻身于；besentencedto被判處……(徒刑)；whenitcomesto當提及；lookforwardto盼望；addto加上；getdownto著手做；beaddictedto對……上癮；be/getaccustomedto習慣于；adjustto/adaptoneselfto適應等。技法四如何確定作賓語補足語的非謂語動詞考查方向解題思路針對訓練現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示主動和正在進行用doing。常跟doing作賓補的動詞有感官動詞feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役動詞get，have；其他動詞catch，find，keep，leave等。1.(2020·全國Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops，hewasreducedtotears.過去分詞作賓補表示被動和完成用done。常跟done作賓補的動詞有感官動詞feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役動詞get，have，make；其他動詞find，keep，leave等。2.(2022·四川綿陽診斷)Mostoftheseindividualsareseniorcitizensinsearchofnewfriendsandactivitiestokeepthemselvesoccupied(occupy).不定式作賓補1.常跟不定式作賓補的動詞有：advise，allow，appoint，cause，challenge，order，command，permit，encourage，expect，drive，enable，forbid，force，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。2.常跟不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞或短語有感官動詞feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，notice，observe；使役動詞let，have，make等。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需要加上to。3.(2020·浙江1月)Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中間的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpectedtoincrease(increase)to42by2050.4.Mywalletwasseentodrop(drop)byagirlwhenshepassedby.with復合結構中的賓語補足語在with復合結構中也可以用非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，常見的結構如下：with＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing(表示主動、進行),done(表示被動、完成),todo(表示未做)))5.(2022·福建泉州質(zhì)檢)Withthenewsnowseasonbeginning(begin)inChina，enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.6.Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheposteronthewall.7.Withsomanypeopletohelp(help)us，weareconfidentthatwecanfinishthetaskontime.技法五如何確定作定語的非謂語動詞考查方向解題思路針對訓練動詞-ing形式作定語1.動詞-ing形式作定語表示主動、正在進行。2.若表示被動且正在發(fā)生的動作用beingdone結構。3.表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞-ing形式的形容詞，意為“令人……的”。1.(2022·河南洛陽期末)Ontheflightheading(head)home，Mengexpressedherthankstothecountry.2.Thetallbuildingbeingbuilt(build)nowisournewschool.動詞-ed形式作定語1.動詞-ed形式作定語表示被動、完成。2.動詞-ed形式的形容詞，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的名詞，如：look，expression，face，voice等。3.(2022·全國甲)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.不定式作定語1.由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞(代詞)后常用不定式作定語。2.由theonly，thejust，thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)后常用不定式作定語。3.以下名詞ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，way，right，time，wish，decision等和代詞something，anything，nothing等后常用不定式作定語。4.若表示被動且將要發(fā)生的動作用tobedone結構。4.(2022·全國甲)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an，asafirststeptojourney(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.5.NobodyexpectedashortageofstuffedpandaswhenChinawontherightstohost(host)the2022WinterOlympics.6.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemade(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.技法六如何確定作狀語的非謂語動詞考查方向解題思路針對訓練動詞-ing形式作狀語1.句子的主語是分詞動作的邏輯主語，而且與該動詞為主動關系。2.表示自然而然的意料之中的結果用-ing形式作狀語。3.如果分詞的動作早于謂語動詞發(fā)生，則該分詞要用havingdone形式。1.(2022·全國乙)Tostrengthentheconnectionwithyoungpeople，theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia，inviting(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.2.Havinglost(lose)allmyoldfriends，Ifeltlonelyandshyatmynewschool.動詞-ed形式作狀語句子的主語是分詞動作的邏輯主語，而且與該動詞為被動關系。3.Attracted(attract)bythebeautyofnature，hedecidedtospendanothertwodaysinthevillage.不定式作狀語1.不定式可以用作目的狀語。2.onlytodosth.為不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。3.形容詞作表語時，后接不定式作狀語表原因。4.“主語＋系動詞＋表語(形容詞)＋todo”句式中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。4.Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation，onlytofind(find)theearlytrainhadgone.5.(2019·全國Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s，andareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.獨立主格作狀語若句子的主語不是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語，且在該詞前有自己的主語，就構成了獨立主格結構，常見的形式有：n./pron.＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing(表示主動、進行),done(表示被動、完成),todo(表示未做)))6.Weatherpermitting(permit)，wearegoingtohaveapicnic.7.Thepresidentshot(shoot)todeath，thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.獨立成分作狀語有的非謂語動詞作狀語不需要判斷與邏輯主語的關系，為獨立成分作狀語，常見的形式有：generallyspeaking一般來說judgingby/from...根據(jù)……來判斷considering...考慮到……totellyouthetruth說實話given...考慮到……comparedwith/to與……相比較8.Judging(judge)fromwhathesaid，hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeresult.9.Given(give)yourhealth，you’dbetterresignfromthecompanyandgototheseasidetorelaxyourself.考點三動詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的考查如果所給動詞既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則一般應進行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，通常加后綴變?yōu)槊~。常見的動詞變名詞的后綴有以下幾種。常見后綴例詞-mentdevelopment，achievement，argument，movement，amazement等-ion/-ationrelation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication等-ingmeeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing等-er/-or/-arwaiter，travel(l)er，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等-ance/-enceassistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等-alsurvival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal等1．(2021·全國乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics，andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopment(develop)ofthelocalareas.2．(2022·全國甲)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmentalprotection(protect)．3．BingDwenDwen，apandacubdressedinafull-bodyiceshell，hasbecomeamajorattractionoftheWinterOlympics，winningtheheartsofathletes，politicians，mediaandaudiencesovertheglobewithitschubby(圓胖的)appearance(appear)．4．Apossiblewinner(win)for“BestPun”mightshowPeterRabbit，thecharacterfromTheTaleofPeterRabbit，withatailmadeofmarshmallowfluff(棉花糖)．5．Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival(survive)．Group1達標練1．Evanisawildlifephotographer.Once，twotigersran(run)pasthim，stoppedameterawayfromhistruckandbegantofight.2．TheBigTidyUpwasstartedin2008andvolunteersintheUKhavecollected(collect)morethan50,000bagsoflitterinstreetsandparksuptonow.3．ManyschoolsorganiseeventsinSeptembertotidy(tidy)uptheirareas.4．Parentsthesedaysseemtoprotecttheirchildrenmorethaneverbefore.Andyetthetruthisthatchildrenmustbegiven(give)theopportunitytotakerisksinordertoaidtheirdevelopment(develop)．5．Asmuchasartisticappreciation，physicalfitnessandrecreation，calligraphyisbecoming(become)apartoflifeamongmanyChinesepeople.Therefore，anotherGoldenAgeofChinesecalligraphyiscoming.6．Youmightlikeholdingadooropenforpeopleorvisiting(visit)lonelyelderlypeopleinnursinghomes.7．Tofind(find)outifyouhavewhatittakestobea“catwhisperer”，takethefuncatfacesquizcreated(create)bythestudy’sresearchers.8．Besides，whatdistinguishesusfromanimalsis(be)thatweknowweneedtoexplore.9．Withmoreruralresidentsspending(spend)timeonleisureactivities，thetourismmarketandtravelcompanieswillembrace(擁抱)newgrowthinthefuture.10．BeforeitwasbroughttoNewZealandaboutacenturyagoandbecameworld-renownedaskiwifruit，thishumblefruithadbeenplanted(plant)as“Chinesegooseberry”foralmost1,500years.Group2真題練1．“...Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithashared(share)futureformankind，”hesaid.(2022·全國乙)2．Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere(be)previouslyunprotected，bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincrease(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)3．ButCobbandothersare(be)nowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyandchanging(change)theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.(2022·浙江1月)4．Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20，planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022·全國甲)5．Therehasbeen(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years，caused(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures，accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.(2021·北京)6．Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage，thinking(think)itisfood.(2021·新高考全國Ⅱ)7．Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwas(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)8．Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain，stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyouraching(ache)legs.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)9．Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsidered(consider)healthy.(2021·浙江1月)10．In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountriesstudied(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.(2021·浙江1月)A(2022·福建龍巖一模)Chinesetaikonauts，ZhaiZhigang，WangYaping，andYeGuangfu，conductedthesciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarth.TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewers1.theyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.When2.(reply)toaHongKongstudent’squestionaboutwater，Wangexplainedthatthewatertheydrink3.(recycle)，notingthatthereisnodifferenceintaste4.regularwaterandrecycledwaterandeverydropofwaterismadefulluseofthere.Inanexperiment，shecreatedawaterfilmusingametalringandabag5.(fill)withwater.Thensheplacedonthewaterfilmapaperflowerbud(花蕾)preparedbyherdaughterandherbeforethejourney.Thebudturnedaround6.(magical)onthefilmand“blossomed”．Zhai7.(introduce)the“penguinjumpsuit”Yewaswearingduringtheclass.Thesuithasmultipleflexiblebandsinsidetohelptheastronautsmaintaintheirmuscle8.(strong)．Yedemonstratedexperimentsrelatedtocellgrowthinthe9.(weight)environmentinspace.Theycompared10.growthandshapeofcellsinartificialgravityandzero-gravitytostudytheirchangingrulesandmechanisms.語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了中國宇航員翟志剛、王亞平和葉光富在距地球400千米的太空進行的科學講座。1．答案how解析考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知，從句中缺少方式狀語，表示“如何”，應用連接副詞how來引導。故填how。2．答案replying解析考查非謂語動詞。該空動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語Wang，與其是主謂關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填replying。3．答案isrecycled解析考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知，recycle與其邏輯主語thewater之間是被動關系，描述客觀事實，應使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，又因主語thewater是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞應使用單數(shù)形式。故填isrecycled。4．答案between解析考查介詞。between...and...為固定搭配，意為“在……與……之間”。故填between。5．答案filled解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，(fill)withwater作后置定語，修飾名詞bag，因此空處應用非謂語動詞，fill與其邏輯主語bag之間是被動關系，所以應用過去分詞形式。故填filled。6．答案magically解析考查副詞。分析句子可知，提示詞修飾動詞短語turnedaround，應填副詞形式magically，意為“神奇地”。7．答案introduced解析考查動詞時態(tài)。分析句子可知，introduce是句中謂語動詞，與主語Zhai之間是主動關系，講述過去的事情，應使用一般過去時態(tài)。故填introduced。8．答案strength解析考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前形容詞性物主代詞their可知，應填入名詞strength構成名詞詞組musclestrength作賓語，意為“肌肉強度”。9．答案weightless解析考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知，提示詞作定語修飾名詞environment，應用形容詞形式，結合常識，此處表示“失重的環(huán)境”。故填weightless。10．答案the解析考查冠詞。句中指人工重力和零重力條件下細胞的“生長和形狀”，表特指，用定冠詞。故填the。B(2022·陜西西安模擬)Ifyou1.(see)apieceofCNY20before，youmayhaveanimpressionofthebackpictureofit.ReputedasthemostbeautifullandscapeinChina，GuilinsceneryisnotjustworthCNY20only.ThecrystalLiRiverturnsaroundinXingpingAncientTown.Sothehighlightisemergedhere.Mostpeoplemaythinkthesunnydayisthebestweatherforcatchingphotos.ButinLiRiver，itisnot！2.(bury)yourselfinthispicturesquescenery，youshouldforgetthatyouhavetoweararaincoat.IfyouareluckyenoughtohaveabambooraftingfromYangditoXingpingonafoggyday，youwillcatchthebestmomentofyourlife.Theweatherontheriveris3.(change)，oneminuteisfine4.thenextminutewillberain.Atthistime，onlylayoutofthehillscan5.(spot)．Theshapeofhillsisblur，andtheriverinmyeyesisgreen.Evenifyouarejustapersonwithoutrich6.(imagine)，youcandrawapictureinyourmindimmediately.ThelandscapeofGuilinisevenbetterthan7.ofafairytale.TherepresentativeofLiRiverscenerymay8.(probable)bethe“NineHorsesPaintedHill”．Tofindouttheninehorsesindifferentposesonthewallisalwaysthejoyforpeople9.holiday.Itissaidthatifyoucancountthehorsesfromthefirsttothe10.(nine)，youwillberichandintelligentinthefuture.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇散文。文章主要描述了桂林的美麗風景。)1．答案haveseen解析考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，此處動詞作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語before以及語境，此處表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句主語是you。故填haveseen。2．答案Tobury解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語動詞作狀語，表示目的，且動詞bury和其邏輯主語you之間是主動關系，應該用todo形式。故填Tobury。3．答案changeable解析考查形容詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用形容詞作be動詞的表語。故填changeable。4．答案while解析考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，前一分鐘晴好，下一分鐘又下雨，此處表示對比，應用連詞while連接句子。故填while。5．答案bespotted解析考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，主語layoutofthehills與動詞spot是被動關系，且設空處位于情態(tài)動詞can后面。故填bespotted。6．答案imagination解析考查名詞。分析句子結構可知，rich是形容詞，修飾名詞，設空處應該填名詞形式作介詞without的賓語，且名詞imagination“想象力”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填imagination。7．答案that解析考查指示代詞。此處指代前文提到的“Thelandscape”，應該用that。故填that。8．答案probably解析考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應該用副詞形式修飾謂語。故填probably。9．答案on解析考查介詞。onholiday表示“在度假”，是固定搭配。故填on。10．答案ninth解析考查序數(shù)詞。分析句子結構可知，此處和前文thefirst并列，應該用序數(shù)詞。故填ninth。強化練(二十八)語法填空(1)A(2022·安徽馬鞍山三模)Withfivethousandyearsofcreativeefforts，theChinesecuisinehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.ModernChinaenjoysaworldwidereputationasthe“kingdomofcuisine”．Theendlessvarietyofnaturalmaterials1.methodsofpreparationemployedinChinesecuisinestandoutunequaledintheworld，whichmayaccountforthe2.(universe)popularityofChineserestaurantsandcookingoverseas.Thethreekeyelements，by3.Chinesecookingisjudged，areknownas“color，aromaandtaste”．Theyareachievedbycombiningaseriesofdelicate4.(activity)．VisitorstoChinaareoftensurprisedwhenatypicaldinnerforatableofeightpeople5.______(consist)ofcoldandhotdishes，withsoupandsteamedrice.Oftenbeerandwine6.(serve)aswell.Whentoastingeachother，peopleusuallydryuptheirglasses7.(convey)themessagethattheyaresincereandjoyful.8.，itisquiteacceptableforaforeignguesttotakealittleinsteadofemptyingtheglass.Whilethecustomstrikesaforeignvisitoras9.(particular)strange，itshowsonekeyaspectthatfinefoodandgooddrink,10.(take)inthecompanyofgoodfriends，makeuponeofoursupremepleasuresinlife.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國菜的歷史、評價標準以及富有中國特色的飲食文化。1．答案and解析考查連詞?！癟heendlessvarietyofnaturalmaterials”以及空后的“methodsofpreparationemployedinChinesecuisine”共同擔當了本句的主語，為并列關系，所以用連詞and。故填and。2．答案universal解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞popularity，用形容詞形式。故填universal。3．答案which解析考查定語從句。句中先行詞為“Thethreekeyelements”，在非限制性定語從句中擔當介詞by的賓語，只能用關系代詞which引導。故填which。4．答案activities解析考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的aseriesof可知，其后名詞為可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填activities。5．答案consists解析考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文的“areoftensurprised”可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為atypicaldinner，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；動詞短語consistof無被動語態(tài)。故填consists。6．答案areserved解析考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)often可知，本句為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為beerandwine，視作復數(shù)，且和動詞serve之間存在被動關系。所以空處為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填areserved。7．答案toconvey解析考查非謂語動詞。句中用不定式作目的狀語，表示“為了”。故填toconvey。8．答案However/Nevertheless解析考查副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，上下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，且出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母要大寫。故填However/Nevertheless。9．答案particularly解析考查副詞。修飾形容詞strange用副詞形式。故填particularly。10．答案taken解析考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞，所以用非謂語動詞形式。句中主語finefoodandgooddrink與take之間存在被動關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。故填taken。BTheimpactofpandemic(流行病)onlifeexpectancy(預期壽命)，oneofthemostwidelyusedstandardstoassesspopulationhealth，wasassessedbyastudy1.(publish)intheInformationalJournalofEpidemiology.Thestudy2.(conduct)bytheOxfordUniversity’sLeverhulmeCentreforDemographic(人口的)Science.Thestudyrevealedthatwomenfrom15countriesandmenfrom10endedup3.alowerlifeexpectancyatbirthin2020comparedto2015.4.biggestdropsinlifeexpectancy，however，werewitnessedinmeninsteadofwomeninmostcountries.Americanmenweretheworstoff，with2.2yearsshavedofftheirlifeexpectancyatbirth.MeninLithuaniafacedthesecond5.(large)impactontheirlifeexpectancy，withacutof1.7years.Reductionsinlifeexpectancyoverall6.(occur)in27ofthe29countriesanalyzedbythestudy.OnlymenandwomeninDenmarkandNorwaya