每日一句2016考研英語(yǔ)第一百八十八

今天經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的封面文章是關(guān)于唐納德·特朗普，2016大選共和黨的總統(tǒng)候選人之一。曾City,NY(26層樓的飯店，在中央車(chē)站旁，也是特朗普經(jīng)手的第一個(gè)主要計(jì)劃）。美國(guó)非新調(diào)查中，喜歡特朗普的人數(shù)比例突然飆升至61%，不喜歡他的比例下降至35%。；WhenMrTrumpfirstannouncedthathewasrunningforpresident,hewasdismissedasajoke.Americansarewakinguptothepossibilitythatamanwhosehobbyisnamingthingsafterhimselfmight—conceivably—bethenomineeofthepartyofLincolnandReagan.Ononedomesticissue,tobefair,hehasstakedoutaclear,boldpositionHewoulddeportall11mimmigrantscurrentlythoughttobeinAmericaillegally.HewouldalsoroundupandexpeltheirchildrenwhowerebornonAmericansoilandarethereforeAmericancitizens.Thatthiswouldbeillegaldoesnotbotherhim.Hisapproachtoforeignaffairsisequallycrude.RepublicansshouldlistencarefullytoMrTrump,andvoteforsomeoneelse.WhenMrTrumpfirstannouncedthathewasrunningforpresident,hewasdismissedasajoke.AmericansarewakinguptothepossibilitythatamanwhosehobbyisnamingthingsafterhimselfmightconceivablybethenomineeofthepartyofLincolnandReagan.Ononedomesticissue,tobefair,hehasstakedoutaclear,boldpositionHewoulddeportall11mimmigrantscurrentlythoughttobeinAmericaillegally.HewouldalsoroundupandexpeltheirchildrenwhowerebornonAmericansoilandarethereforeAmericancitizensThatthiswouldbeillegaldoesnotbotherhim.Hisapproachtoforeignaffairsisequallycrude.RepublicansshouldlistencarefullytoMrTrump,andvoteforsomeoneelse.（郭郭友情復(fù)制）WhenMrTrumpfirstannouncedthathewasrunningforpresident,hewas析：1.bedismissedas被當(dāng)做是Americansarewakinguptothepossibilitythatamanwhosehobbyisnamingthingsafterhimselfmight—conceivably—bethenomineeofthepartyofLincolnandReagan.解析：1.Conceivably強(qiáng)調(diào)這種可能性（有可能地，可以相信地）2.whosehobbyisnamingthings3thepartyofLincolnandReagan4arewakinguptoOnonedomesticissue,tobefair,hehasstakedoutaclear,boldposition解析：HewouldalsoroundupandexpeltheirchildrenwhowerebornonAmericansoilandarethereforeAmericancitizens.他也會(huì)圍捕并且驅(qū)逐他們的孩子出境，這些孩子Thatthiswouldbeillegaldoesnotbotherhim.雖然這樣做是違法的，但一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有Hisapproachtoforeignaffairsisequallycrude.他解決國(guó)外事務(wù)的方法同樣是很粗（crudeRepublicansshouldlistencarefullytoMrTrump,andvoteforsomeoneelse.共和黨人應(yīng)該珍惜聽(tīng)川普先生的，但是該投其他人的票。.)marketupdate—thelastbeforetheFederalReserve’smeetingonSeptember17th—didnotprovidemuchclarityaboutthechanceofanimminentriseininterestrates.Formonths,Fedofficialshaveemphasizedthattheirdecisiononwhentoraiserateswilldependonthedata.Butwithnofurthermajordatareleasesbeforethemeeting,theoutcomeremainsacliffhanger.marketupdate—thelastbeforetheFederalReserve’smeetingonSeptember17th—didnotprovidemuchclarityaboutthechanceofanimminentriseininterestrates.Formonths,Fedofficialshaveemphasizedthattheirdecisiononwhentoraiserateswilldependonthedata.Butwithnofurthermajordatareleasesbeforethemeeting,theoutcomeremainsacliffhanger.THOSEhopingforanendtothesuspensewillbe主干：Thosewillbedisappointed.定語(yǔ)：hopingforanendtotheAmerica’slabourmarketupdate—thelastbeforetheFederalReserve’smeetingonSeptember17th—didnotprovidemuchclarityaboutthechanceofanimminentriseininterestrates.Imminent立即的，迫切的，危急的主干：America’slabourmarketupdatedidnotprovidemuchclarityaboutthechanceofanimminentriseininterestrates.Formonths,Fedofficialshaveemphasizedthattheirdecisiononwhentoraiserateswilldependonthedata.Butwithnofurthermajordatareleasesbeforethemeeting,theoutcomeremainsacliffhanger.CommonCoreallowspupilsindifferentstatestobemeasuredagainsteachother.UntilNoChildLeftBehind,aneducationactsignedbyGeorgeW.Bushthatrequiredstatestotestpupilsannually,only19didso.Nowtheyallmust.CommonCoreisalsobeingsqueezedfromtheleft,whereitisseenaspartofatesting.TheDemocraticPartyinWashingtonstatehascondemnedCommonCore,andRandiWeingarten,headofthesecond-biggestteachers’union,hassaidthestandardsmustbe“guides,notstraitjackets.”Betweenthesetwoideologicalpoles,itisawonderAmericacanimproveitspublicschoolsatall.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed."Knowledgeispower"maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraph itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspeopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationweshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatingitisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationCommonCoreallowspupilsindifferentstatestobemeasuredagainsteachother.UntilNoChildLeftBehind,aneducationactsignedbyGeorgeW.Bushthatrequiredstatestotestpupilsannually,only19didso.Nowtheyallmust.CommonCoreisalsobeingsqueezedfromtheleft,whereitisseenaspartofatesting.TheDemocraticPartyinWashingtonstatehascondemnedCommonCore,andRandiWeingarten,headofthesecond-biggestteachers’union,hassaidthestandardsmustbeguides,notstraitjackets.”Betweenthesetwoideologicalpoles,itisawonderAmericacanimproveitspublicschoolsatall.CommonCoreallowspupilsindifferentstatestobemeasuredagainsteachUntilNoChildLeftBehind,aneducationactsignedbyGeorgeW.Bushthatrequiredstatestotestpupilsannually,only19didso.Nowtheyallmust.GeorgeW.BushUntilNoChildLeftBehind的教育法案，才有19個(gè)州這樣做。而現(xiàn)在所有的州都必須參加評(píng)估和排名了。Commoncore推出之后一直是受到爭(zhēng)議的，而現(xiàn)在不管是左派（民主黨）還是右派（共CommonCoreisalsobeingsqueezedfromtheleft,/whereitisseenaspartofaconservativedrivetoundermineteachersandtheirunionsbycontinuous,unfair,testing.CommonCore也受到了來(lái)自左派的擠壓。在左派看來(lái)，這個(gè)計(jì)劃是保守派人士企圖用持TheDemocraticPartyinWashingtonstatehascondemnedCommonCore,andRandiWeingarten,headofthesecond-biggestteachers’union,hassaidthestandardsmustbe“guides,notstraitjackets.”Betweenthesetwoideologicalpoles,itisawonder/Americacanimproveitspublicschoolsatall.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed."Knowledgeispower"maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraph itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspeopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationweshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatingitisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformation選項(xiàng)分析：[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulating[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformation[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationSocial-mediafirmsareinvestigatingwhethertheycantapthemicrotransactionsmarket—say,byofferingvirtualcurrenciesorgoodsthatuserscanuseasbarter—thoughforcedpartnershipswithlocaltelecomsfirmsthreatentheprofitabilityofsuchschemes.詞匯突破：tapmicrotransactions微交易profitability收益性schemes主干識(shí)別：Social-mediafirmsareinvestigatingwhether+賓語(yǔ)從句byofferingvirtualcurrenciesorgoodsthatuserscanuseasbarter狀語(yǔ)從句:thoughforcedpartnershipswithlocaltelecomsfirmsthreatentheprofitabilityofsuchschemes微觀分析：byofferingvirtualcurrenciesorgoodsthatuserscanuseasbarterthatuserscanuseasbarter定語(yǔ)從句修飾goods這里是通過(guò)語(yǔ)義判斷出不修飾currencies的。IntheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization-withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed-wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.theprocessofindustrializationwasspreadovernearlyaadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorIntheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropewithallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed狀語(yǔ)翻譯點(diǎn)撥：詞匯處理：industrializedcountriestheprocessofindustrializationwiththatfollowed隨……far-reachingchangessocialpatternsspreadovernearlyacentury大約(將近、幾乎)一個(gè)世紀(jì)adevelopingnation一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家undergo經(jīng)歷inadecadeorso10whereas結(jié)構(gòu)變革持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在10年左右的（說(shuō)明，表明）、validate（證明，證實(shí)）、contend（堅(jiān)持說(shuō)）、pointout（指出）、assbputit（）、beconvincedthat（相信，確信）、（接受）、acquire（獲得、獲?。?、add（補(bǔ)充，說(shuō)明）account（WhileinAmericathetrend(downshifting)startedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate'80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddleclassdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheUSasaresult.thequickpaceofmodernman'sadventurousman'ssearchformythicaltheeconomic“電車(chē)難題”(Trolleyproblem)也叫(trolleyology)是倫理學(xué)領(lǐng)域最為知名的思想實(shí)驗(yàn)之VersionYouarewatchingatrolleyspeedingdownatrackthatwillkillfiveunsuspectingpeople.Thereisaswitchthatwoulddivertthetrolleyontoanothertrackwhereitwillkillonlyoneperson.Wouldyouthrowthisswitch?VersionAlterthescenarioabit.Thereisnoswitch.Butyoucanpushafatmanoverthebridgeontothetrackstosavethefive.(Youcannotstopthetrolleybyjumpingyourself,onlythefatmanisheavyenough.)Wouldyoudoit?Thephysicalandemotionaldistancefromthekillingmakesthrowingtheswitchmuchmorepopularthanthrowingtheman.畢竟：MostpeoplequailattheideaofshovingthemantohisWhenmoraldilemmasareposedinaforeignlanguage,peoplebecomemorecoollyutilitarian;Specifically,whenpeopleareaskedthefatmanquestioninaforeignlanguage,theyaremorelikelytokillhimforothers’sake.MeetingsofinternationalorganisationsliketheUnitedNationsortheEuropeanUnionareoftenconductedinlanguagesthatarenotthepreferredonesofmostofthoseattending.Perhapsitisreassuringtothinktheymaybemorecoollyrationalthanmeetingsofmonoglots—unless,thatis,youarethemetaphoricalfatmanabouttopushedunderatrain.你就會(huì)被推下去，你就不會(huì)覺(jué)得安慰了啊。所以用了unless.)（thatis沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，就是一種習(xí)慣用法，相當(dāng)于說(shuō)話時(shí)候的，額，額...GainedinAccordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheUSasaresult.thequickpaceofmodernman'sadventurousman'ssearchformythicaltheeconomicdownshiftingemergedthetrendstarted，文中thetrenddownshifting;startedemergedintheUS,繼續(xù)縮小定位范圍。選項(xiàng)分析：定位精確之后就比較容易的可以根據(jù)原文中的：theeconomicdecline確定答項(xiàng)，C可以是英國(guó)人過(guò)這樣生活的原因Plentyofretiredofficersarguethatbusinesspeoplehavemuchtolearnfromthearmedservices.Forexample,businesstheoristsincreasinglyemphasizestheimportanceofcorporateculture,yetmanynewbusinessesdoadismaljobofnurturingit.Themilitaryservices,bycontrast,havebeenadeptatpreservingtheircultureatatimeofsocialturmoil.Granted,theyhavesometimesbeenslowtochange.Americaonlyliftedthebanonopenlygaytroopsin2011,andonwomenincombatlastmonth.Butstill,armiesaremuchbetterthanotherinstitutionsatbuildingalifelongespritdecorps.Militarymottoesmakestrongmencry:(“Thefew,theproud”;“Whodareswins”).MostcorporatemissionstatementsmakedeskwarriorscringewithThatemergingbusinessesattachlessattentiontonurturingcultureismentionedtoshowtheimportanceofcorporatecultureinthetimesofturbulentshowdifferencebetweentheoristsandthenewshowprivatesectorsshouldtakeapagefrommilitaryshowmilitarymottoesalsomakewarriors這周經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的一篇文章談到了：HowaNewJerseytrafficjamhelpedtoppletheheadofanairline一次新澤西的堵車(chē)是如何讓航空公司的老總辭職的。這篇文章給我提Theresignationsdonotmeancriminalchargesarelooming—Unitedsaidtheywereconnectedtoaninternalinquiry—butitdoesmeanapossibilityforafreshstartforUnited.Plentyofretiredofficersarguethatbusinesspeoplehavemuchtolearnfromthearmedservices.Forexample,businesstheoristsincreasinglyemphasizestheimportanceofcorporateculture,yetmanynewbusinessesdoadismaljobofnurturingit.Thatemergingbusinessesattachlessattentiontonurturingcultureismentionedtoshowtheimportanceofcorporatecultureinthetimesofturbulentshowdifferencebetweentheoristsandthenewshowprivatesectorsshouldtakeapagefrommilitaryshowmilitarymottoesalsomakewarriorsbusinesspeople=privatesectortakeapagefrom=learnmilitarycat