智能建筑外文翻譯

附件9：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目:Increasinganindividual’squalityoflifeviatheirintelligenthome雜文信獻(xiàn)乳、頭資沫料勇來飄源盲：亡文罪獻(xiàn)圾、松資遲料扣發(fā)紛表饑（煎出濟(jì)版霸）緣日眨期楚：即院激是（穿部錯(cuò)）半：著信獨(dú)息肌與樂電汪氣陶工字程裳學(xué)永院優(yōu)專巾按告久睛業(yè)循：卡察電怖氣響工傾程愛與所自叮動(dòng)葬化線班走高裕肺膨級(jí)摩：絲姓婆椒些于沫名外：踏學(xué)拋廁丸幼承號(hào)蹦：辨指梯導(dǎo)剃教傭師段：絕翻案譯邁日叨期泰：蔽2凳0捷0玉8榴.另4怕.摸1皮0胸外再文值文殼獻(xiàn)忘：濤雹I帥n藥c厲r陣e總a搶s拆i新n蔽g議鬧a宿n昏逆i遍n洗d慎i緊v右i歪d山u蹲a桿l登’拴s粒新q墨u陷a設(shè)l摩i云t傳y惠扒o刻f畜刪l陪i捕f葵e斬衡v述i姑a纖賠t立h沈e只i坦r掀壺i饑n潤t蟲e攜l符l豎i觀g廈e匯n吳t觸挖h闊o蹤m尋eThehypothesisofthisprojectis:cananindividual’squalityoflifebeincreasedbyintegrating“intelligenttechnology”intotheirhomeenvironment.Thishypothesisisverybroad,andhencetheresearcherswillinvestigateitwithregardtovarious,potentiallyover-lapping,sub-sectionsofthepopulation.Inparticular,theprojectwillfocusonsub-sectionswithhealth-careneeds,becauseitisbelievedthatthesesub-sectionswillreceivethegreatestbenefitfromthisenhancedapproachtohousing.Tworesearchquestionsflowfromthishypothesis:whatarethehealth-careissuesthatcouldbeimprovedvia“intelligenthousing”,andwhatarethetechnologicalissuesneedingtobesolvedtoallow“intelligenthousing”tobeconstructed?Whileasmallnumberofinitiativesexist,outsideCanada曠,被掀w瑞h曾i揮c爽h蒜旋c陶l紙a菠i崖m臘強(qiáng)t啊o笑坊i勤n冬v遠(yuǎn)e涂s跳t仍i鏡g風(fēng)a密t快e駛衡t棉h逼i手s辨園a和r憲e漁a讓,遠(yuǎn)竿n遠(yuǎn)o伶n塵e頸憑h史a觸s粒繼t頸h托e蛛婚g普l拜o午b劫a柴l滴燙v迅i正s蠢i箏o丙n扔晴o笛f樣忘t佩h廁i悟s勤升a當(dāng)r摔e鄰a捉.贏沸W峽o保r籃k晃鵲t它e攪n黎d踏s猾扣t草o碎尚b困e沫計(jì)i友n播厲s阿m劫a冰l商l銜悔a酬r啊e巷a警s勻做w魚i養(yǎng)t墾h環(huán)炕o睛n主l己y碎馬a筐欄l加i撲m規(guī)i船t部e顧d嫁拐i快d爬e端a少等o舍f盼鎮(zhèn)h扣o資w糖博t灶h楊e跡并i業(yè)n腹d霸i僵v到i勵(lì)d茶u殲a伸l糠幼p盡i傾e瞧c園e組s綢柜c橡o縫n躍t途r紀(jì)i炒b滑u帶t財(cái)e擔(dān)何t厲o革w桿a低r端d唯s傻五a剝浪g時(shí)r泛e旁a寬t刃e棵r勁泥g憑o鎮(zhèn)a來l遍.廊耐T落h刑i硬s敬藝p戀r上o品j著e錦c磁t乞滾h侵a尤s岸級(jí)a剝圓v節(jié)e宜r職y蠻憐s擦t姐r點(diǎn)o棟n痕g丑貞s蹦e柏n在s斑e僻厲o他f梳系w領(lǐng)h悅a默t省平i才t壞聯(lián)i碰s議女t舍r渴y農(nóng)i監(jiān)n冠g由蓄t睛o偏墻a減t劃t笨e賢m蹲p夕t召,床數(shù)a省n抖d鳳垮b住e尸l村i墻e迎v搞e嶼s爬守t愚h摟a重t瞧臨w噸i仍t蓄h穿o環(huán)u滲t笛贏t陷h戒i舍s軟幕g詠l遷o戶b激a雅l跨循d窄i謠r索e熊c炕t污i臨o途n偏策t賺h廊e廁鑒o映t駝h醋e蕩r亡僚i伶n鍛i藍(lán)t懲i塌a繼t仍i倘v上e墻s控副w嚴(yán)i若l臥l停胃f等a耀i披l能邀t聚o洞尤a更d區(qū)d濱r辨e傷s顏s諒卸t漢h則e才珠l示a敢r育g饒e蟲喚i衰m壟p醉o懂r供t摟a胡n較t磁老i鬼s互s怖u鼻e弦s辭特d且e賀s斑c氧r祖i止b濤e陰d雀邊w色i左t減h式i羨n略魚v遍a蹤r境i屢o讓u柱s渠插p怨a堂r劃t際s鼓母o斷f奪鉤t瘡h碼i塌s警界p阿r礙o筒p蟻o村s防a圖l織,猴站a杯n希d從后t鄉(xiāng)h冬a監(jiān)t濾傾w喚i專t槍h亭廣t決h轟e憑型c血o騾r削r斤e燙c催t鞏遮g騾l瞇o固b帖a偵l洲什d浸i現(xiàn)r貝e面c臺(tái)t損i海o厚n筒煤t浙h購e妹遺s隱u羊m礎(chǔ)絡(luò)o粘f懂感t君h浙e忌獅p冶a顧r寄t予s犁將w告i脅l斑l表搜p敗r漫o熄d亦u而c鵝e博梢m鎮(zhèn)u廢c法h首桶g搭r石e蜂a脆t穩(wěn)e鑄r融四r育e炊w六a寇r硬d刪s株套t犧h綠a湖n招標(biāo)t蕉h讀e城乖i韻n誼d龜i望v堂i摔d杯u壟a覺l林靈c議o酬m網(wǎng)p桌o旁n花e武n恩t迫s誤.尤品T片h駝i窄s紋粒n盟e辰w主使f螺i秋e帥l卷d筍環(huán)h移a口s線即m牌a窯n艙y支角p軋a捐r媽a菠l丹l午e姐l楚s醒厲w催i六t誠h愿堪t拳h(huán)明e禾蜘f匠i成e蒼l創(chuàng)d謙愿o販f唐鋪b注u工s險(xiǎn)i魄n骨e目s杜s逃疫p較r守o社c老e貍s努s捆咸e求n葉g益i束n蛇e儲(chǔ)e努r院i怨n虜g勁,葉偏w沒h來e茄r晝e科應(yīng)m瓶a斬n溝y順頑p虧r具o沖d享u貴c烤t矩s染吧f班a戒i罷l餐昆d譽(yù)u棄e陰凍t握o恐跑o勝n盟l煮y桐擱c插o托n窗s腔i不d括e教r俯i礎(chǔ)n租g主很a普泛s膊u討b逗-頓s以e禽t寫拍o債f考覽t佩h餡e閉忙i套s顏s畝u源e忍s端,詢涼t割y價(jià)p鄰i姐c葉a預(yù)l疤l炕y誰涉t敘h嬸e瞧主t窩e欠c哈h葉n野o憲l咬o朗g宇y銅奴s輔u谷b在s律e旨t響.敞著S瓜u著c珍c永e妨s江s不f伏u罷l而耗p括r補(bǔ)o微j蒙e鳥c植t厲s殖象a訊n康d煉緊i往m痕p希l晨e繼m乞e幅n攻t鞋a斗t跳i稼o寨n港s怒雹o紹n澇l扮y設(shè)逼s白t隔a潛r薪t稀e怨d默爽f獸l淹o懂w濤迫w譜h獻(xiàn)e認(rèn)n咸剩p禽e坡o齒p染l師e勤湖s撇t初a月r鑰t豎e填d睜次t默o拍斃r勢e血a卸l道i臣z匪e炭陣t痕h暑a魂t芝啊a昂塞h很o嗽l版i維s怖t挺i究c達(dá)尾a奔p它p余r芽o賽a匙c墊h嚴(yán)節(jié)w牽a怪s購青e漁s雪s召e撤n格t歲i額a技l效.丟禍T梯h晴i油s般級(jí)h忽o勸l望i剃s黑t熱i尊c掩織r棋e(cuò)稠q琴u玉i趨r隆e加m晌e靈n苦t魔毅a黑l律s牙o祥漢a弊p熄p撤l悅i盤e速s違牢t慌o塊逆t顏h稱e軋聾f申i寄e代l充d座表o繪f們?！皣鴖亭m壤a滑r便t蘆汪h返o貸u衫s涉i爛n維g州”睛;打鄭i爬f擇緞w傲e踩傲g拌e濕n厚u止i暫n診e血l閥y捆殃w唯a謙n較t涂犧i展t行石t奔o(jì)賺艱h券a洞v冠e惑罩b蟻e喘n慨e而f怠i怕t好奶t煙o墊會(huì)t夜h固e犧肅c嫂o火m玉m忍u薪n寇i冠t歡y孝磚r沾a克t休h魄e默r療腦t駕h帆a疊n核侍j爹u爛s也t傲轟t階e策c遙h脂n雖o都l電o典g質(zhì)i稅c色a壩l匹腫i股n撫t(yī)續(xù)e生r練e衛(wèi)s柿t絮.但引H扎a慨v米i俊n弄g細(xì)暗s響a池i植d饅夏t參h塊i重s宵,多股m脾u恢c基h故辮o斥f仗恥t孔h沫e俗寸w權(quán)o權(quán)r沫k抽填o蹄u更t私l液i戲n叔e(cuò)賴d諒習(xí)b螞e界l殖o御w秒疑i豐s栗邀e朗x質(zhì)t遣r篩e詢m績e醉l餓y卻轟i搞m喝p沸o去r孝t反a蹈n破t導(dǎo)贊a喂n歡d撲苗c帽o怨n編t洪a菊i膠n隔s蓬疑a舉顯g恢r煤e箱a蠻t荒銜d才e娃a裹l干舒o鐮f坡拖n怨o鞏v葛e罩l瘋t度y成榴w期i欺t郵h拒i能n準(zhǔn)蔥t床h蒜e躬i炕r廟惱i怠n尼d稈i東v段i坦d臥u壁a禮l恭績t幻o麥p其i泳c場s做.娃騾Health-CareandSupportivehousing：Todate,therehasbeenlittlecoordinatedresearchonhow“smarthouse”technologiescanassistfrailseniorsinremainingathome,and/orreducethecostsexperiencedbytheirinformalcaregivers.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedresearchistodeterminetheusefulnessofavarietyofresidentialtechnologiesinhelpingseniorsmaintaintheirindependenceandinhelpingcaregiverssustaintheircaringactivities.Theoveralldesignoftheresearchistofocusontwogroupsofseniors.Thefirstisseniorswhoarebeingdischargedfromanacutecaresettingwiththepotentialforreducedabilitytoremainindependent.Anexampleisseniorswhohavehadhipreplacementsurgery.Thisgroupmaybenefitfromtechnologiesthatwouldhelpthembecomeadaptedtotheirreducedmobility.Thesecondisseniorswhohaveachronichealthproblemsuchasdementiaandwhoarereceivingassistancefromaninformalcaregiverlivingatadistance.Informalcaregiverslivingatadistancefromthecared-forseniorareathighriskofcaregiverburnout.Monitoringthecared-forseniorforhealthandsafetyisoneoftheimportanttasksdonebysuchcaregivers.Devicessuchasfloorsensors(todeterminewhethertheseniorhasfallen)andaccesscontrolstoensuresafetyfromintrudersortoindicateelopementbyaseniorwithdementiacouldreducecaregivertimespentcommutingtomonitorthesenior.Forbothsamples,trialswouldconsistofextendedperiodsofresidencewithinthe‘smarthouse’.Samplesofseniorsbeingdischargedfromacutecarewouldberecruitedfromacutecarehospitals.Samplesofseniorsbeingcaredforbyinformalcaregiversatadistancecouldberecruitedthroughdementiadiagnosisclinicsorthroughrequestfromcaregiversforrespite.Limitedamountsofclinicalandhealthserviceresearchhasbeenconducteduponseniors(withcomplexhealthproblems)incontrolledenvironmentssuchasthatrepresentedbythe“smarthouse”.Forexample,itisknownthatnightvisionoftheagedispoorbutthereisverylittleinformationregardingtheoptimumleveloflightingafterwakeningorfornightactivities.Fallingisamajorissueforolderpersons;anditresultsininjuries,disabilitiesandadditionalhealthcarecosts.Forthosewithdementingillnesses,safetyisthekeyissueduringperformanceoftheactivitiesofdailyliving(ADL).ItisvitalforustobeabletomonitorwherepatientswouldfallduringADL.Patientsandcaregiversactivitieswouldbemonitoredanddatawillbecollectedinthefollowingconditions.Projectswouldconcentrateonsub-populations,withaviewtocollectingscientificdataabouttheirconditionsandtheimpactoftechnologyupontheirlifestyles.Forexample:-Personswithstablechronicdisabilityfollowingastrokeandtheircaregivers:toresearchoptimummodels,typesandlocationofvarioussensorsforsuchpatients(thesepatientsmayhaveneglect,hemiplegia,aphasiaandjudgmentproblems);toresearchpatternofmovementsduringtheambulation,useofwheelchairsorcanesonvarioustypeoffloormaterial;toresearchcaregiverssupportthroughe-healthtechnology;tomonitorfrequenciesandlocationofthefalls;toevaluatethevalueofsmartappliancesforstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluateinformationandcommunicationtechnologysetupforTele-homecare;toevaluatetechnologyinterfaceforTele-homecarestaffandclients;toevaluatethemosteffectivewayoflightingthevariouspartofthehouse;tomodifyordevelopnewtechnologytoenhancecomfortandconvenienceofstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofsurveillancesystemsinassistingcaregivers.-PersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandtheircaregivers:toevaluatetheeffectofsmarthouse(unfamiliarenvironment)ontheirabilitytoconductself-carewithandwithoutprompting;toevaluatetheirabilitytouseunfamiliarequipmentinthesmarthouse;toevaluateandmonitorpersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseasemovementpattern;toevaluateandmonitorfallsorwandering;toevaluatethetypeandmodelofsensorstomonitorpatients;toevaluatetheeffectofwallcolorforpatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofproperlighting.Technology-UbiquitousComputing：Theubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureisviewedasthebackboneofthe“intelligence”withinthehouse.Incommonwithallubiquitouscomputingsystems,theprimarycomponentswiththissystemwillbe:thearrayofsensors,thecommunicationinfrastructureandthesoftwarecontrol(baseduponsoftwareagents)infrastructure.Again,itisconsideredessentialthatthistopicisinvestigatedholistically.Sensordesign:Thefocusofresearchherewillbedevelopmentof(micro)-sensorsandsensorarraysusingsmartmaterials,e.g.piezoelectricmaterials,magnetostrictivematerialsandshapememoryalloys(SMAs).Inparticular,SMAsareaclassofsmartmaterialsthatareattractivecandidatesforsensingandactuatingapplicationsprimarilybecauseoftheirextraordinarilyhighworkoutput/volumeratiocomparedtoothersmartmaterials.SMAsundergoasolid-solidphasetransformationwhensubjectedtoanappropriateregimeofmechanicalandthermalload,resultinginamacroscopicchangeindimensionsandshape;thischangeisrecoverablebyreversingthethermomechanicalloadingandisknownasaone-wayshapememoryeffect.Duetothismaterialfeature,SMAscanbeusedasbothasensorandanactuator.AveryrecentdevelopmentisanefforttoincorporateSMAsinmicro-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS)sothatthesematerialscanbeusedasintegralpartsofmicro-sensorsandactuators.MEMSareanareaofactivitywheresomeofthetechnologyismatureenoughforpossiblecommercialapplicationstoemerge.Someexamplesaremicro-chemicalanalyzers,humidityandpressuresensors,MEMSforflowcontrol,syntheticjetactuatorsandopticalMEMS(forthenextgenerationinternet).IncorporatingSMAsinMEMSisarelativelyneweffortintheresearchcommunity;tothebestofourknowledge,onlyonegroup(Prof.GregCarman,MechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles)hassuccessfullydemonstratedthedynamicpropertiesofSMA-basedMEMS.Here,thefocuswillbetoharnessthesensingandactuationcapabilitiesofsmartmaterialstodesignandfabricateusefulandeconomicallyviablemicro-sensorsandactuators.Communications:Constructionanduseofan“intelligenthouse”offersextensiveopportunitiestoanalyzeandverifytheoperationofwirelessandwiredhome-basedcommunicationservices.Whilesomeofthesearealreadywidelyexplored,manyoftheissueshavereceivedlittleornoattention.Itisproposedtoinvestigatethefollowingissues:Measurementofchannelstatisticsinaresidentialenvironment:knowledgeoftheindoorwirelesschannelstatisticsiscriticalforenablingthedesignofefficienttransmittersandreceivers,aswellasdeterminingappropriatelevelsofsignalpower,datatransferrates,modulationtechniques,anderrorcontrolcodesforthewirelesslinks.Interference,channeldistortion,andspectrallimitationsthatarisesasaresultofequipmentforthedisabled(wheelchairs,IVstands,monitoringequipment,etc.)isofparticularinterest.Design,analysis,andverificationofenhancedantennasforindoorwirelesscommunications.Indoorwirelesscommunicationspresenttheneedforcompactandruggedantennas.Newantennadesigns,optimizedfordesireddatarates,frequencyofoperation,andspatialrequirements,couldbeconsidered.Verificationandanalysisofoperationofindoorwirelessnetworks:wirelessnetworkingstandardsforhomeautomationhaverecentlybeencommercialized.Integrationofoneormoreofthesesystemsintothesmarthousewouldprovidetheopportunitytoverifytheoperationofthesesystems,examinetheirlimitations,anddeterminewhetherthestandardsareover-designedtomeettypicalrequirements.Determinationofeffectivecommunicationswiringplansfor“smarthomes.”:thereexistperformance/costtradeoffsregardingwiredandwirelessinfrastructure.Measurementandanalysisofvariouswirelessnetworkconfigurationswillallowfordeterminationofappropriatenetworkdesigns.Considerationofcoordinatingindoorcommunicationsystemswithlarger-scalecommunicationsystems:indoorwirelessnetworksarelocaltothevicinityoftheresidence.Thereexistbroader-scalenetworks,suchasthecellulartelephonenetwork,fixedwirelessnetworks,andsatellite-basedcommunicationnetworks.Theviabilityandusefulnessofcompatibilitybetweentheseservicesforthepurposesofhealth-caremonitoring,thetrackingofdementiapatients,etcneedstobeconsidered.SoftwareAgentsandtheirEngineering:Anembedded-agentcanbeconsideredtheequivalentofsupplyingafriendlyexpertwithaproduct.Embedded-agentsforIntelligentBuildingsposeanumberofchallengesbothatthelevelofthedesignmethodologyaswellastheresultingdetailedimplementation.Projectsinthisareawillinclude：Architecturesforlarge-scaleagentsystemsforhumaninhabitedenvironment:successfuldeploymentofagenttechnologyinresidential/extendedcareenvironmentsrequiresthedesignofnewarchitecturesforthesesystems.Asuitablearchitectureshouldbesimpleandflexibletoprovideefficientagentoperationinrealtime.Atthesametime,itshouldbehierarchicalandrigidtoallowenforcementofrulesandrestrictionsensuringsafetyoftheinhabitantsofthebuildingsystem.Thesecontradictoryrequirementshavetoberesolvedbydesigninganewarchitecturethatwillbesharedbyallagentsinthesystem.RobustDecisionandControlStructuresforLearningAgents:toachievelife-longlearningabilities,theagentsneedtobeequippedwithpowerfulmechanismsforlearningandadaptation.Isolateduseofsometraditionallearningsystemsisnotpossibleduetohigh-expectedlifespanoftheseagents.Weintendtodevelophybridlearningsystemscombiningseverallearningandrepresentationtechniquesinanemergentfashion.Suchsystemswillapplydifferentapproachesbasedontheirownmaturityandontheamountofchangenecessarytoadapttoanewsituationorlearnnewbehaviors.Tocopewithhighlevelsofnon-determinism(fromsuchsourcesasinteractionwithunpredictablehumanusers),robustbehaviorswillbedesignedandimplementedcapableofdealingwithdifferenttypesofuncertainty(e.g.probabilisticandfuzzyuncertainty)usingadvancedtechniquesforsensoryanddatafusion,andinferencemechanismsbasedontechniquesofcomputationalintelligence.Automaticmodelingofreal-worldobjects,includingindividualhouseholders:Theproblemshereare:“thelocatingandextracting”ofinformationessentialforrepresentationofpersonalityandhabitsofanindividual;developmentofsystemsthat“followandadoptto”individual’smoodandbehavior.Thesolutions,basedondataminingandevolutionarytechniques,willutilize:(1)clusteringmethods,classificationtressandassociationdiscoverytechniquesfortheclassificationandpartitionofimportantrelationshipsamongdifferentattributesforvariousfeaturesbelongingtoanindividual,thisisanessentialelementinfindingbehavioralpatternsofanindividual;and(2)neuro-fuzzyandrule-basedsystemswithlearningandadaptationcapabilitiesusedtodevelopmodelsofanindividual’scharacteristics,thisisessentialforestimationandpredictionofpotentialactivitiesandforwardplanning.Investigationofframeworkcharacteristicsforubiquitouscomputing:Considerdistributedandinternet-basedsystems,whichperhapshavethemostincommonwithubiquitouscomputing,hereagain,thelargestimpactisnotfromspecificsoftwareengineeringprocesses,butisfromavailablesoftwareframeworksor‘toolkits’,whichallowtherapidconstructionanddeploymentofmanyofthesystemsintheseareas.Hence,itisproposedthattheconstructionoftheubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureforthe“smarthouse”shouldalsobeutilizedasasoftwareengineeringstudy.Researcherswouldstartbyvisitingthefewgenuineubiquitouscomputingsystemsinexistencetoday,totrytobuildupaninitialpictureofthefunctionalityoftheframework.(ThisapproachhasobviouslyparallelswiththeapproachofGamma,Helm,JohnsonandVlissidesdeployedfortheirgroundbreakingworkon“designpatterns”.Unfortunately,incomparisontotheirwork,thesamplesizeherewillbeextremelysmall,andhence,additionalworkwillberequiredtoproducereliableanswers.)Thisinitialframeworkwillsubsequentlybeusedasthebasisofthesmarthouse’ssoftwaresystem.Undoubtedly,thisinitialframeworkwillsubstantiallyevolveduringtheconstructionofthesystem,astherequirementsofubiquitouscomputingenvironmentunfold.Itisbelievedthatsuchcloseinvolvementintheconstructionofasystemisanecessarycomponentinproducingatrulyusefulandreliableartifact.Bytheendoftheconstructionphase,itisexpectedtoproduceastableframework,whichcandemonstratethatalargenumberofessentialcharacteristics(orpatterns)havebeenfoundforubiquitouscomputing.ValidationandVerification(V&V)issuesforubiquitouscomputing:itishopedthatthehousewillprovideatest-bedforinvestigatingvalidationandverification(V&V)issuesforubiquitouscomputing.Thehousewillbeusedasanassessmentvehicletodeterminewhich,ifany,V&Vtechniques,toolsorapproachesareusefulwithinthisenvironment.Further,itisplannedtomakethistrialfacilityavailabletoresearchersworldwidetoincreasetheuseofthisvehicle.Inthelong-term,itisexpectedthatthefacilitiesofferedbythisinfrastructurewillevolveintoaninternationallyrecognized“benchmarking”siteforV&Vactivitiesinubiquitouscomputing.Othertechnologicalareas：Theprojectalsoplanstoinvestigateanumberofadditionalareas,suchaslightingsystems,securitysystems,heating,ventilationandairconditioning,etc.Forexample,withregardtoenergyefficiency,theprojectcurrentlyanticipatesundertakingtwostudies:TheDeterminationoftheeffectivenessofinsulatingshutters:Exteriorinsulatingshuttersovertimearenoteffectivebecauseofsealingproblems.Interiorshuttersaresuperiorandcouldbeusedtohelpreduceheatlosses.However,theirmovementandpositioningneedsappropriatecontroltopreventwindowbreakageduetothermalshock.Theinitiationofanopeningorclosingcyclewouldbebasedonmeasuredexteriorlightlevels;currentinternalheatinglevels;currentandexpecteduseofthehousebythecurrentinhabitants,etc.Acomparisonofenergygenerationalternatives:Theenergyusepatternscaneasilybemonitoredbyinstrumentingeachappliance.Naturalgasandelectricityarenaturalchoicesforthemainenergysupply.TheconversionofthechemicalenergyinthefueltoheatspaceandwarmwatercanbedonebyconventionalmeansorbyuseofatotalenergysystemsuchasaVolvoPentasystem.Withthissystem,thefuelisusedtopowerasmallinternalcombustionengine,whichinturndrivesageneratorforelectricalenergyproduction.Wasteheatfromthecoolantandtheexhaustareusedtoheatwaterfordomesticuseandspaceheating.Excesselectricityisfedbackintothepowergridorstoredinbatteries.Atafuturedate,itisplannedtosubstituteafuelcellforthetotalenergysystemallowingforadirectcomparisonoftheperformanceoftwoadvancedsystems.中文譯文：智能家居能提高個(gè)人的生活品質(zhì)假設(shè)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是：個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量能否因?yàn)樵诩彝キh(huán)境中運(yùn)用了智能技術(shù)而得到提高呢？這種假設(shè)是很廣泛的，因此，研究人員將通過調(diào)查各種各樣的、有潛在研磨意識(shí)的、分節(jié)的人群來證明這個(gè)假設(shè)。特別的是，該項(xiàng)目將著重于調(diào)查衛(wèi)生保健方面的需求，因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈胚@部分的實(shí)施可使房屋獲得最大利益。從這個(gè)假說可以得出兩個(gè)研究問題：什么樣的醫(yī)療保健問題可以改進(jìn)"智能屋"，如果讓"智能屋"得以興建，什么技術(shù)問題尚需解決？在加拿大的境外存在著少數(shù)的倡議，他們的目的是調(diào)查這方面的知識(shí)，但是并沒有對(duì)這方面的工作有一個(gè)全球視野。通常，小地方的研究工作會(huì)涉及到怎樣通過個(gè)別件實(shí)現(xiàn)更大目標(biāo)這樣一些主意。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目著重研究“試圖做什么”，并認(rèn)為如果沒有這個(gè)全球方向，其他措施不能解決這項(xiàng)建議，并表示，有了正確的走向世界的方向，零件將產(chǎn)生比個(gè)人組成部分更大的回報(bào)。這新的領(lǐng)域跟外地的業(yè)務(wù)流程工程有許多相似之處，那里有很多產(chǎn)品失敗，其原因是只考慮了一個(gè)小組設(shè)置的問題，通常是技術(shù)方面。當(dāng)人們開始認(rèn)識(shí)到有一個(gè)全面的方法是至關(guān)重要的時(shí)候，成功的項(xiàng)目和措施才開始流通。如果我們真的希望它可以造福于社會(huì)，而并非只是創(chuàng)造技術(shù)利息，這種全面的規(guī)定也將適用于外地的"小巧房屋"。話雖如此，下面敘述的許多工作都是非常重要的，其個(gè)別題目還包含大量的新生事物。醫(yī)療保健和輔助房屋：截至目前為止，有很少的協(xié)調(diào)研究是關(guān)于“智能屋”是否可以降低體弱的老人留在家里的成本，而并非由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的非正式照顧者照顧。因此，其提出的研究得目的，是確定各種住宅技術(shù)對(duì)幫助老年人保持其獨(dú)立生活和幫助看護(hù)延續(xù)自己的愛心活動(dòng)是否有用。整體設(shè)計(jì)的研究是通過兩個(gè)組別的老人來進(jìn)行的。第一組是老年人他們脫離了急性護(hù)理的環(huán)境后保持獨(dú)立性的能力降低。其中一個(gè)例子是老人髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)。這組可能受益于技術(shù)，并將有助于他們更好適應(yīng)流動(dòng)性的降低。第二組是老人有慢性健康問題，如老年癡呆癥，并正接受一個(gè)生活在一定距離之外的非正式的照顧者的援助。生活在離需要照顧的老人有一定距離的非正規(guī)照顧者正處于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)期的照顧倦怠。照顧者監(jiān)測需要照顧的老人的健康和安全是其中一項(xiàng)重要的任務(wù)。設(shè)備，如地板傳感器（以確定是否老人跌倒）和訪問控制器（在入侵時(shí)確保安全或顯示老人是否外出）。利用這些設(shè)備可以減少照顧著照顧老人所花的時(shí)間。用“智能家”將得出兩個(gè)樣本。由急性護(hù)理醫(yī)院照顧的上面例子中的老人出院。例子中的通過一定距離之外的非正式照顧者照顧的老人將通過診所的診斷出院或者要求休息的照顧者回來照顧。數(shù)量有限的、針對(duì)老人的復(fù)雜的健康問題的臨床及健康服務(wù)研究工作在受控制的環(huán)境（如聰明屋中的環(huán)境）中完成。舉例來說，據(jù)了解，針對(duì)高年齡人的夜視差，但有極少人認(rèn)為覺醒或夜間活動(dòng)課可以達(dá)到最低水平。對(duì)老年人來說它造成傷害，殘疾的和額外的衛(wèi)生保健成本是重大的問題。對(duì)于那些有疾病的人，在日常生活活動(dòng)中安全是至關(guān)重要的。對(duì)我們來說，能夠掌握病人在哪個(gè)階段下降時(shí)至關(guān)重要的?；颊吆涂醋o(hù)者的活動(dòng)會(huì)受到監(jiān)察，并在具備下列條件的情況下收集數(shù)據(jù)。項(xiàng)目將集中于亞群，并期望在他們的條件和生活作風(fēng)的技術(shù)的影響后搜集科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。例如：有著穩(wěn)定的慢性殘疾的人宜遵循以下照料：研究專門針對(duì)為這類病人（這些病人可能有忽視，偏癱，失語和判斷方面的問題）的最好的類型和位置的各種傳感器;研究在不同類型的地板材料上使用輪椅或拐杖的變動(dòng);通過電子保健技術(shù)研究照顧者的支持;監(jiān)測下降的頻率和位置，以評(píng)估針對(duì)中風(fēng)患者和看護(hù)者的智能家電的價(jià)值;評(píng)價(jià)建立用于遠(yuǎn)程居家服務(wù)信息和通信技術(shù)；最有效的評(píng)價(jià)面向遠(yuǎn)程家居服務(wù)的工作人員和客戶評(píng)價(jià)的技術(shù)接口的辦法是使房子的各部分照明均勻;修改、開發(fā)新技術(shù)以提高中風(fēng)患者和看護(hù)者的舒適性和方便性;評(píng)估協(xié)助照料的監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的價(jià)值。-有著阿爾茨海默病的人的照料：評(píng)價(jià)智能家居（陌生的環(huán)境）在有或無提示的情況下的自我護(hù)理能力;評(píng)估它們?cè)谥悄芗揖迎h(huán)境中用陌生的設(shè)備的能力;評(píng)價(jià)和監(jiān)測有著阿爾茨海默病的人的運(yùn)動(dòng)模式;評(píng)價(jià)和監(jiān)測下降或波動(dòng);評(píng)價(jià)監(jiān)測患者的各種類型和型號(hào)的傳感器;觀察病人和照顧者墻的顏色;評(píng)估適當(dāng)照明的價(jià)值。技術(shù)-普適計(jì)算：無所不在的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的計(jì)算被看作智能屋的骨干。所有普通的運(yùn)算系統(tǒng)的主要部件包括：一系列的傳感器，通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和軟件控制（基于軟件代理）的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。重要的是，這話題是從整體上的研究得出的。傳感器設(shè)計(jì)：這里研究的焦點(diǎn)是（微型）-傳感器的發(fā)展和傳感器陣列所使用的智能材料，例如：壓電材料，磁致伸縮材料和形狀記憶合金（形狀）。特別是，形狀是一類智能材料，它能吸引候選人傳感及致動(dòng)，主要是因?yàn)樗斜绕渌悄懿牧袭惓Ｆ叩墓ぷ鬏敵?體積比。形狀進(jìn)行固固改造時(shí)，受到適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)械和熱負(fù)荷作用，導(dǎo)致在尺寸和形狀上宏觀的變化;這種變化是由可回收扭轉(zhuǎn)熱機(jī)械載荷和被稱為單向形狀記憶效應(yīng)的東西產(chǎn)生的。這種材料功能、形狀可用于傳感器和執(zhí)行器。在近期的發(fā)展中，我們正努力把形狀應(yīng)用在微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)（MEMS），使這些材料可以作為微型傳感器和執(zhí)行器的重要組成部分。微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的活動(dòng)，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域某些技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟，能夠讓一些商業(yè)應(yīng)用出現(xiàn)。例如微化學(xué)分析儀，濕度和壓力傳感器，流量控制的微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)，合成射流器和光學(xué)微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)（下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）。在研究社會(huì)把形狀應(yīng)用在微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的努力，它足以窮盡我們所知。只有一組（洛杉磯加州大學(xué)機(jī)械工程的格雷戈教授）已成功地演示了動(dòng)態(tài)性能的形狀記憶合金作為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。在這里，工作的重點(diǎn)是利用智能材料的動(dòng)能力設(shè)計(jì)和制造經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行的微型傳感器和驅(qū)動(dòng)器。構(gòu)造：建造和使用的"智能屋"為分析和核實(shí)以無線和有線家庭為基礎(chǔ)的通訊服務(wù)提供了廣泛的機(jī)會(huì)。而有些公司中已經(jīng)開始廣泛地探討，但許多問題沒有注意到?，F(xiàn)擬調(diào)查了以下幾個(gè)問題：-在一個(gè)住宅環(huán)境里頻道統(tǒng)計(jì)的測量：室內(nèi)無線信道的統(tǒng)計(jì)知識(shí)是至關(guān)重要的，利用它可設(shè)計(jì)高效率的發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)，以及確定適當(dāng)程度的信號(hào)電源，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率，調(diào)制技巧，以及無線鏈路的差錯(cuò)控制編碼。它所產(chǎn)生的干擾，信道失真，導(dǎo)致的并譜的局限性，以及殘疾人士的設(shè)備（輪椅，監(jiān)測設(shè)備等），都是特別令人感興趣的。-設(shè)計(jì)，分析與驗(yàn)證以加強(qiáng)天線用于室內(nèi)無線通信。目前室內(nèi)無線通信有必要改為緊湊和堅(jiān)固的天線。新的天線設(shè)計(jì)，可使數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率優(yōu)化，頻率的操作方便，在空間需要方面也可加以考慮。-核查和分析室內(nèi)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作：家庭自動(dòng)化的無線聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最近已商品化。一體化的一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上這樣的系統(tǒng)被納入智能家居，將為核實(shí)這些系統(tǒng)操作提供機(jī)會(huì)，并審視其局限性，并確定這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否是超過設(shè)計(jì)要求，是否滿足典型的業(yè)務(wù)需求。-確定有效的通信線路來規(guī)劃"智能家居"：對(duì)于有線和無線基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的性能/成本比較，測量和分析各種無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置將有利于網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)的確定。-審議協(xié)調(diào)室內(nèi)較大規(guī)模的通信系統(tǒng)：室內(nèi)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛應(yīng)用到附近的居住地。這些居住地存在著廣闊-大規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，例如蜂窩電話網(wǎng)，固定無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基于衛(wèi)星的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這些服務(wù)的宗旨是保健監(jiān)測、跟蹤老年癡呆癥患者。軟件代理商及其工程：一種嵌入式劑。在這一級(jí)別的設(shè)計(jì)方法中智能建筑嵌入式代理商面臨不少挑戰(zhàn)，以及由此產(chǎn)生的詳細(xì)執(zhí)行。這方面的項(xiàng)目將包括：-適用于人類居住的有大型代理系統(tǒng)的建筑：為這些系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)新的體系結(jié)構(gòu)的住宅/延續(xù)護(hù)理環(huán)境近代的技術(shù)需要成功部署。一個(gè)合適的架構(gòu)，在實(shí)時(shí)性上應(yīng)該是簡單、靈活的，這樣能提供有效的代理操作。在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)，應(yīng)允許規(guī)則和限制的分層次和剛性，以確保居民建筑制度的安全。這些相互矛盾的要求，需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新的、適用所有的建筑的體系結(jié)構(gòu)來加以解決。-學(xué)習(xí)代理的決策和控制結(jié)構(gòu)：在實(shí)現(xiàn)終身學(xué)習(xí)能力方面，代理商必須具備強(qiáng)大的機(jī)制來學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)能力的需要。孤立原來使用的傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)制度，是不可能讓這些代理商達(dá)到高預(yù)期壽命的。我們打算發(fā)展混合學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，結(jié)合新興的多種具有代表性的學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)。這種系統(tǒng)將基于適應(yīng)新形勢，或?qū)W習(xí)新的行為模式來達(dá)到自身的成熟及對(duì)數(shù)額變化能做出各種不同的做法。為了應(yīng)付高水平的非確定性（不可預(yù)測的人類用戶），我們能夠利用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)處理不同類型的不確定性（如概率和模糊不確定性），這種穩(wěn)健的行為將制定和組織實(shí)施，在推理機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算智能。-自動(dòng)模擬真實(shí)世界的物體，包括個(gè)別戶主：問題是：為具有代表性的個(gè)性、習(xí)慣的個(gè)人"定位，并提取"信息是至關(guān)重要的;系統(tǒng)能夠跟隨個(gè)人的心情與行為而作出反應(yīng)。在解決這個(gè)方案的基礎(chǔ)上，數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和進(jìn)化技術(shù)將利用：（1）聚類方法，對(duì)尋找行為模式的個(gè)人來說這是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的因素;（2）以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)能力，可用來開發(fā)模型單獨(dú)的特性，這對(duì)估計(jì)和預(yù)測潛在的活動(dòng)和前瞻性的規(guī)劃是至關(guān)重要的-調(diào)查普適計(jì)算的框架特點(diǎn)：考慮以分布式因特網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)，這也許是最常見的普適計(jì)算，在這里，最大的沖擊不是來自特定的軟件工程過程，而是讓這些領(lǐng)域快速部署現(xiàn)有的軟件框架或'工具箱'。因此，建議以普適計(jì)算為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的"智能家居"的建造，也應(yīng)該加以軟件工程來研究。研究人員將開始訪問的幾個(gè)真正存在的普適計(jì)算系統(tǒng)，試圖建立一個(gè)初步了解該功能的架構(gòu)（這種做法顯然與伽馬射線，掌舵，約翰遜和針對(duì)"設(shè)計(jì)模式"的開創(chuàng)性工作相平行。不幸的是，和他們的工作相比，樣本在這里將非常小，因此，為得到可靠的答案額外的工作要做）。這個(gè)初步框架，也將隨之被利用為智能式房子的軟件系統(tǒng)。毫無疑問，由于要求普適計(jì)算環(huán)境的展開，這初步的框架將大大演變建造該系統(tǒng)的過程。據(jù)認(rèn)為，這種密切參與體系建設(shè)的行動(dòng)，是制作一個(gè)真正有用的和可靠的偽影的組成部分。截至去年底的施工階段，它預(yù)計(jì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的框架，這個(gè)框架能夠證明，適用于普適計(jì)算的一大批至關(guān)重要的特點(diǎn)（或圖案）將被發(fā)現(xiàn)。-為普及計(jì)算驗(yàn)證和核查問題：希望眾議院能為普及計(jì)算調(diào)查核實(shí)和驗(yàn)證問題提供一個(gè)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。眾議院將可以用來評(píng)估并確定（如果有的話）VV技術(shù)，工具或方法在這個(gè)環(huán)境中是否有用。此外，它計(jì)劃把這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)設(shè)施提供給世界各地的研究人員，以增加這種評(píng)估的利用。就長期而言，我們期望該設(shè)施所提供的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，將演變成對(duì)于普及計(jì)算的V及V活動(dòng)而言一個(gè)國際公認(rèn)的"基準(zhǔn)"的網(wǎng)站。其他技術(shù)領(lǐng)域：該項(xiàng)目還計(jì)劃調(diào)查一些其他領(lǐng)域，如照明系統(tǒng)，安全系統(tǒng)，供暖，通風(fēng)和空調(diào)設(shè)備等，舉例來說，對(duì)于能源效率，該項(xiàng)目目前承諾了兩項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告：-測定保溫簾的成效：因?yàn)槊芊鈫栴}，外墻保溫窗簾隨著時(shí)間的推移是否無效。內(nèi)部風(fēng)窗是優(yōu)越的，它還可用來幫助減少熱損失。不過，他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)和定位需要適當(dāng)控制，以防止由于熱創(chuàng)擊而導(dǎo)致的窗破損。將根據(jù)實(shí)測外部光照水平啟動(dòng)開幕或閉幕周期，現(xiàn)行內(nèi)部的加熱水平等。-發(fā)電替代品的比較：能源利用方式，可以通過檢測每個(gè)家電進(jìn)行監(jiān)察。天然氣和電力是一種主要能源供應(yīng)。通過傳統(tǒng)方式或使用一個(gè)總的能源系統(tǒng)（沃爾沃研發(fā)體系）我們可以在燃料加熱空間和溫暖水中轉(zhuǎn)換化學(xué)能。有了這一套系統(tǒng)，燃油用來給小內(nèi)燃機(jī)供電，反過來又能驅(qū)動(dòng)一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)的電氣能源生產(chǎn)。冷卻劑與排氣的余熱的熱水供給家庭使用和空間加熱。過剩的電力反饋到電網(wǎng)或儲(chǔ)存在電池中。在以后的一個(gè)日期，計(jì)劃用能源總系統(tǒng)取代燃料電池，可以直接比較出兩先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)的差別。外文文獻(xiàn)：Intelligentarchitecture:userinterfacedesigntoelicitknowledgemodelsAbstract：Muchofthedifficultyinarchitecturaldesignisinintegratingandmakingexplicittheknowledgeofthemanyconvergingdisciplines(engineering,sociology,ergonomicsandpsychology,tonameafew),thebuildingrequirementsfrommanyviewpoints,andtomodelthecomplexsysteminteractions.Themanyrolesofthearchitectsimplycompoundthis.Thispaperdescribesasystemcurrentlyunderdevelopment—a3Ddesignmediumandintelligentanalysistool,tohelpelicitandmakeexplicittheserequirements.Thebuildingmodelisusedtoencapsulateinformationthroughoutthebuildinglifecycle,frominceptionandmasterplanningtoconstructionand‘lived-in’use.Fromthetightrelationshipbetweenmaterialbehaviourofthemodel,functionanalysisandvisualfeedback,theaimistohelpintheresolutionoffunctionalneeds,sothatthebuildingmeetsnotonlytheaimsofthearchitect,buttheneedsoftheinhabitants,usersandenvironment.TheProblemofDesigningtheBuiltEnvironment：Itisoftensaidthatarchitectureisthemotheroftheartssinceitembodiesallthetechniquesofpainting:line,colour,textureandtone,aswellasthoseofsculpture:shape,volume,lightandshadow,andthechangingrelativepositionoftheviewer,andaddstothesethewaythatpeopleinhabitandmovethroughitsspacetoproduce—atitsbest—aspectaclereminiscentofchoreographyortheatre.Aswithallthearts,architectureissubjecttopersonalcriticaltasteandyetarchitectureisalsoapublicart,inthatpeopleareconstrainedtouseit.Inthisitgoesbeyondtheotherartsandiscalledontofunction,tomodifytheclimate,provideshelter,andtosubdivideandstructurespaceintoapatternthatsomehowfitstheneedsofsocialgroupsororganizationsandcultures.Whilstarchitecturemaybecommissionedinpartasaculturaloraestheticexpression,itisalmostalwaysrequiredtofulfillacomprehensiveprogrammeofsocialandenvironmentalneeds.Thisrequirementtofunctiongivesrisetothreerelatedproblemsthatcharacterizethedesignanduseofthebuiltenvironment.Thefirstdependsonthedifferencebetweenexplicitknowledge—thatofwhichweareatleastconsciousandmayevenhaveascientificorprincipledunderstanding—andimplicitknowledge,which,likeknowingyourmothertongue,canbeappliedwithoutthinking.Thefunctionalprogrammesbuildingsarerequiredtofulfillarelargelysocial,andarebasedonimplicitratherthanexplicitbodiesofknowledge.Theknowledgeweexploitwhenweusethebuiltenvironmentisalmostentirelyappliedunconsciously.Wedon’thavetothinkaboutbuildingsorcitiestousethem;infact,whenwebecomeawareofitthebuiltenvironmentisoftenheldtohavefailed.Thinkoftheneedforyellowlinestohelppeoplefindtheirwa