九年級英語語法丨被動語態(tài)精講精練

九年級英語語法丨被動語態(tài)精講精練一、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓提前變主,被動be加done,主變介by賓，時態(tài)不用變。AboutthreequartersofthepeopleintheworldspeakEnglish（主動句）世界上大約有四分之三的人說英語→Englishisspokenbyabout3/4ofthepeopleintheworld（被動句）.二.含雙賓語的主動句變被動句口訣:如遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，bedone后加to(或for)[指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語]1.Hegavemeabookyesterday(主動)昨天他給了我一本書?！買wasgivenabookbyhimyesterday.②Abookwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.昨天他給了我一本書。2.Myfatherboughtmealaptop.我父親給我買了一臺筆記本電腦。→①lwasboughtalaptopbymyfather.②Alaptopwasboughtformebymyfather.三.十大動詞變被動語態(tài)口訣:十大動詞真奇怪，to來to去令人猜,主動句中to離去,被動句中to回來。(let常不用于被動語態(tài))“十大動詞“指:feel，hear/listen，have/make/Iet，look/watch/see/notice。(一感二聽三讓四看）這十個動詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r必須加to.TheteacherwatchedherplaythePiano(主)→Shewaswtachedtoplaythepianobytheteacher.老師看著她彈鋼琴四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)①一般現(xiàn)在時:is/am/are十done(及物動詞的過去分詞)Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界都說英語②一般過去時:was/were+doneTheelectriclightwasinventedbyEdison.電燈是愛迪生發(fā)明的。③現(xiàn)在進行時:is/am/are+being+doneComputergamesarebeingplayedbyXiaoMing.小明正在玩電腦游戲。ThetableisbeingrepairedbyDad.桌子正在被爸爸修理。④一般將來時:shall/will/begingto+be+doneWhenwillourschoolsportsmeetingbeheld?我們學校的運動會將在什么時候舉行？Hewillbeinterviewedbyreporterstomorrowmorning.記者將在明天早上采訪他。⑤現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has+been+doneThechildrenhavebeensenttoschoolsafetlybythedriver.孩子們已經(jīng)被司機安全地送到學校了。Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltbytheworkers.這座大樓是由工人們建造的。⑥過去完成時:had+been+doneBythetimeIgothome,mygrandfatherhadbeentakentothehospital.當我到家的時候，我爺爺已經(jīng)被送到醫(yī)院了。Whenmymothercamehomefromwork，myhomeworkhadbeenfinished.當媽媽下班回家時，我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)做完了。五、含有情態(tài)動同的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞（maymustcanshould…）+be+done16-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtosmoke.不應(yīng)該允許16歲的青少年吸煙。InChina,teenagersmustbeeducated.在中國，青少年必須接受教育。Studentsshouldbeencouragedtodosocialworkforthecommunity.應(yīng)該鼓勵學生為社區(qū)做社會工作。Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.離開教室之前你必須把燈關(guān)掉。六、主動形式表示被動意義（1）動詞bear(承受，忍受;承擔責任),deserve(應(yīng)受到)，need/rquire/want（需要），stand（忍受）等后面接動名詞時，該動名詞常用主動形式表示被動意義。(也可直接跟不定式的被動式)Thedeskneendsrepairing.(=Thedeskneedstoberepained)這張桌子需要修理Theflowerswantwatering(Theflowerswanttobewatered)花需要洗水.（2）不定式用于某些動詞(如have，get，want，need等)的賓語后作定語時，如果不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語，則用主動形式表示被動意義.Ihavealotofworktodonow.(現(xiàn)在我有很多工作要做)Iwantsomethingtodrink.(我想喝點什么)注意:如果不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語則用被動式，比如:Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打(字)(指自己打字)。IhaveSomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要(讓別人)打(字)（指請別人打)（3）形容詞cheap,comfortabIe,ydangerous,difficult，good,funny,heavy,imprtant等接不定式做狀語時，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。ThiswineispleasanttodrinK(這種葡萄酒很好喝)Thequestionisdificulttoanswer.(這個問題很難回答)（4）形容詞worth(值得的)后接動名詞時，該動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義①Thebookisworthreading.這書值得一讀。②Themovieisworthwatching.這部電影值得一看。（5）在too..todo結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式的主動形式表被動意義.LuXun'sworksaretoodifficulttounderstand.魯迅的作品太難理解了。（6）表示感覺或變化的feel,look,smell,sound,taste,turn,prove,get等系動同的系動詞的主動形式表示被動意義.Thedishsmellsnice(這道菜氣味好聞)Hiswordsprovetrue(他的話證明是真的)（7）某些及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的不及物動詞，如(catch,close,lock，sell,wash,open，wear,write等和副詞well,easily,smothly)等一起說明主語的特征時,用主動形式表示被動意義。Theclothwasheseasily.這種布容易洗。Thepenwritessmothly.這支筆寫起來很光滑。（8）Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式做定語時，主動形式表被動意義.Therearemuchhomeworktodotoday.今天要做的家庭作業(yè)太多了。（9）某些動間(如build,burn,cook,print(印刷），make等)的進行時，可用主動形式表示被動意義。①Thehouseisbuilding.房子正在修建=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.②Thebookisprinting.這本書正在被印刷=Thebookisbeingprinted③Thedoorwon'tlocked.=Thedoorwon'tbelocked.這門鎖不住。Theboxcan'tmove.=Theboxcan'tbemoved.(這箱子移動不了)Theforestisburning.（=Theforestisbeingburned.）森林在燃燒。七、英語中有以下幾種情況，不能使用被動語態(tài)。1.謂語是聯(lián)系動詞時，不用被動語態(tài)。①Thegirllooksverygood.這個女孩氣色很好。②Thefoodisdelicious.這種食物味道很好。③Thatsoundsgreat.聽起來棒極了2.謂語為不及物動詞（或短語）時，不用被動語態(tài)。Ihappenedtomeethiminthepark.我碰巧在公園遇見他。3.賓語為不定式、動名詞，或從句，表示主語的一些想法、愛好和愿望時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。①Iwanttobuyalaptop.我想買一臺筆記本電腦。②Hedecidedtogototheparkwithus.他決定和我們一起去公園。③LiLeihopestobeascientistinthefuture.李雷希望將來成為一名科學家。4.賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語時一般不用被動語態(tài)。①Shethinksmoreofherselfthanofothers.她為自己考慮得比別人多。②Thelittlegirldreamedasweetdreamlastnight.那個小女孩昨晚做了一個甜甜的夢。③Nowadays，Peopleliveahappylife.現(xiàn)在，人們過著幸福的生活。5.賓語是處所、地點時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。①LiNing'sfatherhasgonetoBeijing.李寧的父親去北京了。②Inhalfanhour,wewillbeontopofthemountain.半小時后，我們將到達山頂。6.謂語部分（動詞與賓語）是一個不可分割的動詞短語時一般不用被動語態(tài)。Myfatherwenttothedentistthismorning.我爸爸今天早上去看牙醫(yī)了。7.表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如have、own、belongto等不能用于被動語態(tài)。①Thefarmerhasmanybigfarms.這個農(nóng)民有許多大農(nóng)場。②ThisbookbelongstoLiMing.這本書是李明的。③Hehasahouseofhisown.他有自己的房子?！颈粍诱Z態(tài)專題練習】l.單項選擇(一)1.Dontbeunhappyifyou________byotherswhenyoumakemistakes.A.arelaughedatB.arelaughingatC.laughatD.werelaughedat2.LastDecember,amanwhostoleasharedbike________1,000yuanbythepolice.A.finedB.wasfinedC.willbefinedD.hasfined3.CanMrKingsparetimeforthemeeting?-Ifhe_____,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.invited4.--Whattools______tomakepapercuting?什么工具被用來剪紙？---Scissors.A.areusedB.usedC.willuseD.use5.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe______.A.mustbelookedafterwellB.waslookingafterwellC.musttakegoodcareofD.mustbetakengoodcare6.--Ourclassroom_____everyday.-Soitis.It'sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.isbeingcleaned7.Mum,whencanIwatchTV?Assoonasyourhomework_________.A.finishB.finishedC.isfinishedD.willbefinished8.-Don'tsmokehere,Dad.Smoking_____inpublicplaces.-Oh,sorry.I'llstoprightnow.A.isntallowedB.wasn'tallowedC.doesn'tallowD.didn'tallow9.Manyhouses____bytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedfkfkt'c.weredamagingD.aredamaged10.Chengduisagreencitynowbecausealotoftrees________everyspring.A.havebeenplantedB.areplantedC.willbeplantedD.wereplanted11.--AreyougoingtoSam'sbirthdaypartythedayaftertomorrow?--I'mnotsure.IwillgowithyouifI______.A.willinviteB.invitec.willbeinvitedD.aminvited12.ManychildreninBritain_____________tohavetheirownbankcardsthesedays.A.allowB.allowedc.areallowedD.wereallowed13.Tom!Ilookedforyoueverywhereatthepartylastnight.Oh,I_____totheparty.A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedc.amnotinvitedD.wasn'tinvited14.---Whydidn'tyoucometothemeetingyesterday?---Sorry,Ididn'tknowthatI____tocome.A.wasaskedB.haveaskedc.amaskingD.asked15.--WhenIamwalkinginthestreet,I_____someadseverytime.--SoamI.Ihateit.It'sawasteofpaper.A.giveB.amgivenc.gaveD.wasgiven(二)1.Itissaidthatpotatochipsbyaccidentaboutahundredyearsago.A.inventB.inventedc.areinventedD.wereinvented2.---Thesedays,teengersoftenhavetodowhatthey_____to.-lt'snotgoodfortheiridpendeceTheyneedtothinkontheirown.A.tellB.aretellingc.aretoldD.weretold3.Whentogoforapicnic_____yet.A.hasnotdecidedB,hasbeendecidedc.hasdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided4.ItissaidthatBRT(快速公交系統(tǒng)）____inYongzhousoon.A.wasusedB.willbeusedC.isusedD.willuse5.Studentsdolesshomeworknow.Usuallyit_______before9o'lockintheevening.D.willuseA.finishesB.finishedC.isfinishedD.wasfinished6.Anewclub__________inourschoolatthebeginningofthisyearandnowithasmanymembers.A.startsB.isstartedC.hasstartedD.wasstarted7.Hotwater____inthestudents'flatsfrom5;00pmto7:00pmnow.A.suppliesB.issuppliedC.suppliedD.wassupplied8.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade9.Usuallystudents________tochoosetheirownschooluniforms.A.don'tallowB.werenotallowedC.arenotallowedD.didn'tallow10.Confuciusisagreatthinker.Hisworks_______still______bymanypeople.A.are;readingB.is;readC.are;readD.was;read11.Theguidesaidthatmuchattentionmust_____thesedtail.導游說必須多注意這些細節(jié).A.payB.bepaidC.paytoD.bepaidto12.Whenwillthebirthdayparty_____,onMondayeveningorTuesdayevening?A.holdB.beheldC.heldD.beholding13.Theradioinyourroom______beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.mustbeturnedoffC.wasturnedoffD.turnedoff14.Thestonesaresoheavy.How_____they_________tothetopofthebuildingwithoutmodernmachines?這些石頭這么重，在沒有現(xiàn)代化機械的情況，它們是怎么被抬到建筑物頂端的呢?A.have;liftedB.did;liftC.were;liftedD.are;lifted15.-Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.--I'msorry,butI____________whentoleave.很抱歉，但沒有通知我什么時候出發(fā).A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.wasn'ttoldD.haven'tbeentold(三)1.Moremoney________ifweusebothsidesofpaper.A.willsaveB.wassavedC.hassavedD.willbesaved2.--Hey,Molly.You__________onthephonejustnow.Butyouweren'thereandthemanleftaphonenumber.Oh?Iwasinthelibrary.A.wantedB.arewantedC.werewantedD.havewanted3.Whetherthefourhospitalsshouldclose____________yet.A.isn'tdecidedB.doesn'tdecideC.hasn'tbeendecidedD.hasn'tdecided4.Thecar________ythepolicemanbecausethedriverwasdrunk.A.stoppedB.wasstoppedC.stopsD.isstopped5.Nodecision___________aboutthatmatteryet.Wearestillconsideringit.A.hasbeenmadeB.hasmadeC.willbemadeD.willmake6.--------When_____theteachingbuildingsinyourschool?--------In2001.A.was;builtB.are;builtC.were;builtD.is;built7.WhenIcalledthebusservice,I_____thattherewasnomorebus.A.wastellingB.wastoldC.amtoldD.told8.Ithinkteenagersshould________todrive.Theyarenotseriousenough.A.beallowedB.notbeallowedс.notallowD.allow9.Airmust_________freshallthetime.A.keepB.iskeptc.bekeptD.beenkept10.Thesamething________toherlastyear.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.happened11.Intheolddays,they________toworkinthefactoryfrommorningtonight.A.weremadeB.aremakeC.madeD.make12.Greatchanges_____________intheruralareasinthelasttwodecades.A.weretakenplaceB.havetakenplaceC.havebeentakenplaceD.tookplace13.Thesestorybooks_____inthe1990s,buttheyarestillpopular.A.arewrittenв.werewritingC.werewritingD.arewriting14.English_________moreandmorewidelytoday.Sowemustlearnitwell.A.usesC.isusedC.usedD.wasused15.Mother'sDay_______atdifferenttimeindifferentcountries.A.celebratesB.celebratedC.iscelebratedD.wascelebratedlI.把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1.Hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing._______________________________________2.Myfatherhasboughtmeacomputer.______________________________________3.Thisfactoryproducesthesemachinetools.________________________________________________________________4.Theyshoulddoitatonce._____________________________________5.Shewrotemealongletter._____________________________________6.Iwillsetupanewclubatthebeiningofnextyear._________________________________________7.Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.__________________________________________8.Ourgvermenttakesgoodcareoftheoldpeoplewithoutcilden.___________________________________________________________________9.Thetecerdidn'tleavethecasromunilthesudetshandedinthepaper.______________________________________________________________________________10.OurEnglishteacherwrotesomewordsontheblackboard.________________________________________________________________________lll.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)1.A:Theygavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.B:____________________________awarmwelcome.2.А:Wesawastrangerenterthehall.B:Astranger_____________________thehall.3.A:Weconsideritwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.B:___________________________toshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.4.A:Theyshoulddotheworkatonce.B:Thework________________________atonce.5.A:Everybodylikesthecutegirl.B:Thecutegirl_______________everybody.6.A:Hedidntkillthebird.B:Thebird________byhim.7.A:Parentsshouldlookafteryoungchildrenverywell.B:Youngchildrenshould_________________verywellbyparents.8.A:Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.B:Thebadfood________________________byhim.9.A:Whatdoesyourmotheroftentellyoutodo?B:What__________youoften_______todobyyour