現(xiàn)在完成時課件講義

現(xiàn)在完成時

ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時ThePresentPerfectTens

現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

have/has+動詞過去分詞（has用于第三人稱單數(shù)）現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+動詞過去分過去分詞的變化：

(1)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過去式過去分詞一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed

workplay

workedplayed

workedplayed結(jié)尾是e的動詞加-d

hopelive

hopedlived

hopedlived末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed

stoptrip

stoppedtripped

stoppedtripped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y”為“

i”再加-ed

studyworry

studiedworried

studiedworried過去分詞的變化：構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過去式過去分不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞

巧記規(guī)律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eaten不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞

巧記規(guī)律AAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。AAAcost-cost-cost有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:ABA原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞)原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sw1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。ABB(含規(guī)則動詞)ABC原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)ABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式.wake______ 2.teach______3.sell________ 4.see________5.ride_______ 6.pay_____7.choose______ 8.throw_____9.think_______ 10.eat_____11.drive______ 12.catch______13.bring______ 14.break______15.give_______ 16.get_________17.know_______ 18.open_______19.write_______ 20.forget________wokentaughtsoldseenriddenpaidchosenthrownthoughteaten

drivencaughtbroughtbrokengivengot\gottenknownopenedwrittenforgotten寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式.woken第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱肯定句(主語+助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞。)Ihavewrittenanarticle.Wehavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithaswrittenanarticle.Theyhavewrittenanarticle.否定句(主語+助動詞have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞。)Ihaven’twrittenanarticle.Wehaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithasn’twrittenanarticle.Theyhaven’twrittenanarticle.一般疑問句(助動詞Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞?)Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Hashe/she/itwrittenanarticle?Havetheywrittenanarticle?特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞？)Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathashe/she/itdone?Whathavetheydone?現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱肯定句Ihavewritten（改為否定句和一般疑問句并肯否回答)

Ihaveseenhimsincehisweddingday.

→Ihaven’tseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?→Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.（改為否定句和一般疑問句并肯否回答)

IhaveseeHehaswrittentomesinceIhavebeenill.(改否定句和一般疑問句)

→Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?→

Hehasn’twrittentomesinceIhavebeenillYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.HehaswrittentomesinceIh現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法(一)表示在說話之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它強調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。常用的時間狀語有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelightalready.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法(一)表示在說話之前就已經(jīng)完現(xiàn)在完成時中時間狀語的用法區(qū)別1.already在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法

肯定句:句中(助后實前)/句末“己經(jīng)”一般疑問句:句末(表示驚訝的語氣)“難道”

I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(表示強調(diào))Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?現(xiàn)在完成時中時間狀語的用法區(qū)別1.already在現(xiàn)在完成時注:

有already的句子在時態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時,判斷時要看該詞后是否有動詞的過去分詞.Shehasalreadybeenlate.（現(xiàn)在完成時）Shewasalreadylate.（一般過去時）注:有already的句子在時態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時,判斷2.yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法

否定句:句末“還(沒)”疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?2.yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法否定句:句末“還(沒)”注:帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,

already要變成yet放在句末。

Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑問句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?注:帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,alr

3.ever在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法

肯定句/疑問句

:句中“曾經(jīng)”

I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

肯定句/疑問句:句中“曾經(jīng)”I’ve4.never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法否定句:句中“從來沒有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.4.never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法否定句:句中“從來沒注:帶ever的肯定句變否定句時,要將ever變成never;帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No,never.”Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:一般疑：Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermadedumplings.注:帶ever的肯定句變否定句時,要將ever變成nev5.just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于句中,表示“剛剛”I’vejusthadbreakfast.

Whathavetheyjustdone?5.just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于句中,表示“剛剛”6.before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”

I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?6.before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于句末,表示“以前

(二)表示一個從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)

現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法IhavelearntEng1.for

+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.時間段1.for+Ihavebeenhere2.since

+從句(一般過去時)

詞組(表示過去某一時間的)時間點Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.2.since+從句(一般過去時)

詞組(表示過去某一since:(自…以來)1)since+時間點He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.for:(長達(dá)）for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:since:(自…以來)since,for的用法:6.ShehasknownSam______nineyears.(for,never,since)7.Theyhave______arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Haveyou_____riddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)9.ShehasknownFred______theywereatprimaryschool.(already,just,since)10.Wehavenotcompletedtheproject_____.(already,for,yet)

for

just

ever

since

yet6.ShehasknownSam______nine注1):對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注1):對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問必須用ho注2):短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.

(誤)Ihavelefttherefor5years.

(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.注2):短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince選用for和since填空:forsinceforsin瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞瞬間動詞瞬間動詞與時間段的關(guān)系

瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段的狀語連用，常見的瞬間動詞有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。

TheyhaveleftShanghai.

Youcanborrowthebookfor2weeks.(X)

若瞬間動詞要接表示一段時間的狀語,我們可用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替瞬間動詞。

Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks.瞬間動詞與時間段的關(guān)系瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。E.g.：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。

Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個小時。但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。瞬間動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動詞5.短暫動詞和延續(xù)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatchacoldbecomeinterestedingetmarriedhavekeepbeherebeaway(from)beopen/beclosedbeonbeoverbedeadhaveacoldbeinterestedinbemarried5.短暫動詞和瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyborrowcome瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞putongetupwakeupfallasleepjoinarrive/reachwearbeupbeawakebeasleepbein=beamemberofbein/at瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞putongetupwakeupf練習(xí)判斷：他到達(dá)車站半個小時了Hehasarrivedatthestationforhalfanhour()Hehasbeenatthestationforhalfanhour.HearrivedatthestationhalfanhouragoHe_______theclubsincetwoyearsago.JoinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeenin翻譯：這個電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了——------------------------------------------------------------Thefilmhasbeenonforfifteenminutes.XC練習(xí)判斷：他到達(dá)車站半個小時了Hehasbeenat改錯1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen改錯studiedkeptbeengonebeenhave/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin的用法區(qū)別havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。常與just、ever、never連用。TheyhavebeentoBeijing.(去過北京，現(xiàn)在人在衡陽)havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。TheyhavegonetoBeijing.(現(xiàn)在在北京或去北京的途中)havebeenin

意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoyears.(在北京呆了兩年)have/hasbeentohavebeento用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空1.—Hi，Lucy，

youever

Beijing？

—No，I

.2.—Whataboutyoursister，Lucy？

—Oh，she

Chengdu，

shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.havebeentohaven’thasgoneto用have/hasbeento和have/has用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen用Havebeento,havegoneto,

現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時間狀語連用。

一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999.自1999年以來他一直住在北京。（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）HelivedinBejingin1999.在1999年的時候他在北京住過。（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）HehaslivedinBeijingsinceItis+一段時間

+since+句子(一般過去時)=一段時間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過去時)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.Itis+一段時間Eg.Itisfiveeg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。

HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強調(diào)說明。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Ch

當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時間+ago,last+時間等;eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語:ye用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意時態(tài)）1.--______you_________yourpen?(mend)--Yes,I_______.--When_______you_______it?--I__________ityesterday.2.--Howdoyoulikethefilm?--I____________(notsee)suchamovingfilmbefore.3.Millie’ssister_______(join)theclublastweek.Soshe_________(be)intheclubfornearlyoneweek.

Have

mended

have

did

mend

mended

haven’tseen

joined

hasbeen用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意時態(tài)）1.--______you4.Myfather__________(give)up________(smoke).Hedoesn’t_________(smoke)now.5.TheGreenfamily_____________(notcome)backyetfromthecinema.They______(go)toseeafilmonehourago.6.You________________(notvisit)yoursonforalongtime.

hasgiven

smoking

smoke

haven’tcome

went

haven’tvisitedhasgivensmokingsmokehavenTranslation1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京兩天了。HewenttoBeijingyesterday.（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）Translation1.他昨天去北京了。HewenttPracticePractice單項選擇He______working.A.havejuststartedB.hasjuststartC.hasjuststars D.hasjuststarted2._____you_____yoursuitcaseyet?Do,packB.Did,packC.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I______myroomalready.havetidiedB.hadtidiedC.havetidiedD.willtidy4.There____severalmeetingsduringthepastfewdays.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.are單項選擇5.I_____myplaneticket,butIcan’tfindit.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.havebuyed6.---WhathasDenisdone?---He____overavase.hasknockedB.hadknockedC.knockedD.isknocking7.Everythingisallright;nothing_____.ishappenedB.washappenedC.willbehappenedD.hashappened8.Theycan’tbuyacomputerbecausethey_____alltheirmoney.arespendingB.havespentC.spendD.willspend5.I_____myplaneticket,bu1.去年我去了蘇州。WewenttoSuzhoulastyear.2.我每天早上7：00起床。Igetupat7:00everyday.3.下個星期我要去看望我的老師。Iamgoingtovisitmyteachernextweek.4.看！那邊有個女孩在哭。Look!Thegirliscryingoverthere.5.湯姆去過北京2次了。TomhasbeentoBeijingtwice.6.他住在那兒已經(jīng)有十年了。Hehaslivedtherefortenyear.1.去年我去了蘇州。WewenttoSuzh練習(xí)自從我來到這正好兩天ItisjusttwodayssinceIcamehereTwodayshaspassedsinceIcamehereIt___________(be)tenyearssinceI_________(finish)middleschool.

is\hasbeenfinished練習(xí)自從我來到這正好兩天Itisjusttwoday動詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen動詞填空：Havecleanedhavedonedi4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________