醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程-生物醫(yī)學(xué)：Unit 9 EBM or MBM

Unit9

Evidence-basedMedicineorMarketing-basedMedicine?PartI.Background（seenotesinthetextbook）AstraZeneca:aBritishmultinationalpharmaceuticalandbiologicscompanyheadquarteredinLondon,UnitedKingdom,alsotheworld'sseventh-largestpharmaceuticalcompanymeasuredbyrevenueswithoperationsinover100countries. 阿斯利康制藥有限公司Eli-Lilly:apharmaceuticalfirmwithheadquartersinIndianapolis,Indiana,USA.美國(guó)禮來(lái)制藥公司(精神類藥物的最大廠家，曾生產(chǎn)過(guò)首批青霉素和人類胰島素)Pfizer:theworld'slargestresearch-basedpharmaceuticalsfirm.Itsbest-knownprescriptionproductsincludecholesterol-loweringLipitor,painmanagementdrugsCelebrexandLyrica,pneumoniavaccinePrevnar,anderectiledysfunctiontreatmentViagra,aswellasarthritisdrugEnbrel,depressiontreatmentEffexor,andhigh-blood-pressuretherapyNorvasc.ConsumerhealthproductsincludesuchleadingbrandsasAdvil,Centrum,andRobitussin.PfizeralsosellsPromilandPromisebabyformulaandkeepsPfluffyandPfidoinmindwithitsanimalhealthproducts,includingRevolution(antiparasitic)andConvenia(anti-infective).輝瑞制藥有限公司是一家擁有150多年歷史的以研發(fā)為基礎(chǔ)的跨國(guó)制藥公司。迄今輝瑞有8種藥品全球年銷量超過(guò)10億美元，它們分別是：立普妥、絡(luò)活喜、西樂(lè)葆、萬(wàn)艾可、大扶康、希舒美、健豪寧和左洛復(fù)。McScience–atermRichardHortoninventedtocriticizethecommercialexploitationofscience.Hequotesanotherauthor’sviewthatuniversitieshavebecomelittlemorethaninstrumentsofwealth,andthatthetraditionalnormsofdisinterestedinquiryandfreeexpressionofopinionhavebeengivenupinordertoharvestnewandmuch-neededrevenues.(Mac-,Mc-:Gaelicprefixmeaning“sonof”)PartIINewWordsPara1tactics['t?ktiks]n.Thetacticsneedstoshiftuponthatoftheenemy.Tacticsdiffersfromstrategy.戰(zhàn)術(shù)有別于戰(zhàn)略Forfearofbeinghomeless,thefarmerresortedtosomedesperatetacticstoprotecthishouse.hit–toarriveorappearin,on,orat Thenewshitthefrontpagethismorning.Para2SMHS--TheSydneyMorningHerald(SMH)Beatsb:beamysteryorincomprehensibletosbThisbeatsme!(infml.)Itbeatsmehowhegotthejob.defeatorfrustratesb,asaproblemtobesolved:Itbeatsmehowtogethertounderstand.Para2Splash:Thenewspaperssplashedthestoryallovertheirfrontpages.各報(bào)都在頭版全版以顯眼的方式刊登了這個(gè)故事Theblogwritersplashedupontheaffairstomakehimselffamous.Para4suppress[s?'pres]v.1.toputdownbyforceorauthority鎮(zhèn)壓;壓制suppressanuprising2controlandrefrainfromshowing;封鎖Atnotimedidtheytrytopersuademetosuppresstheinformation.他們從未試圖勸我封鎖這個(gè)消息tosuppressdataPara5Exhort:tryhardtopersuadeorencouragethemtodoKennedyexhortedhislistenerstoturnawayfromviolence.肯尼迪勸告他的聽(tīng)眾要遠(yuǎn)離暴力。Heexhortedhiscompanions,“Trytoaccomplishyouraimwithdiligence.”他勉勵(lì)他的同伴們，“嘗試靠勤奮來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)?！盤ara6distort[dis't?:t]v.扭曲；使失真；曲解;變形1.makefalsebymutilationoraddition;asofamessageorstory2.twistandpressoutofshape3.affectasinthoughtorfeeling4.altertheshapeof(something)bystresspassfor/as—beidentified,regarded,accepted,ormistakenforsomeoneorsomethingelse;asbydenyingone'sownancestryorbackground被當(dāng)作Hecouldpassashistwinbrother.ShepassedasaWhitewomaneventhoughher grandfatherwasBlack.Children'stoygunsnowlooksorealisticthattheycanoftenpassfortherealthing.ItisdoubtfulwhetherTed,evenwithhisfluentFrench,passedforoneofthelocals.讓人存疑的是特德——即使法語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利——能否被人當(dāng)作一名當(dāng)?shù)厝恕?/p>

Para7wineanddinev.吃喝；以好酒好菜款待1.eatsumptuously2.providewithfoodanddrink,usuallylavishlyInstyle:richlyPara8devolve[di‘v?lv]v.轉(zhuǎn)移；移交；使?jié)L下；衰落1.passonordelegatetoanotherTherepresentativedevolvedhisdutiestohisaideswhilehewasinthehospital.2.beinheritedbyTheestatedevolvedtoanheirthateverybodyhadassumedtobedead.3.growworseThediscussiondevolvedintoashoutingmatch.informationlaundering–atermcoinedfrom“moneylaundering”(covertingillegallyobtainedfundsintolegalones)Para9RandomizedControlledTrial(RCT):astudyinwhichpeopleareallocatedatrandom(bychancealone)toreceiveoneofseveralclinicalinterventions.RCTsarequantitative,comparative,controlledexperimentsinwhichinvestigatorsstudytwoormoreinterventionsinaseriesofindividualswhoreceivetheminrandomorder.TheRCTisoneofthesimplestandmostpowerfultoolsinclinicalresearch.隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)peer-reviewedjournals:ascholarlyperiodicalwhichrequiresthateacharticlesubmittedforpublicationbejudgedbyanindependentpanelofexperts(scholarlyorscientificpeers).Articlesnotapprovedbyamajorityofthesepeersarenotacceptedforpublicationbythejournal.同行評(píng)審期刊meta-analysis:asystematictechniqueforreviewing,analysing,andsummarisingquantitativeresearchstudiesonspecifictopicsorquestions.元分析；薈萃分析；整合性分析;后設(shè)分析Para10gigantic[,d?ai'ɡ?ntik]adj.--soexceedinglylargeorextensiveastosuggestagiantormammothagiganticredwood/giganticdisappointmentJigsaw:七巧板；智力拼圖玩具 Para11ghostwrite['g?ustrait]v.towriteforsomeoneelse 代筆，為人捉刀，（代筆,槍手）(seeUnit1)highprofile[hai‘pr?ufail]n.apositionattractingmuchattentionandpublicity引人注目的狀態(tài)，高姿態(tài)(up)tothehilt(usu.ofsomethingundesirable)completely（尤指壞事）完全（徹底）（地），極度keyopinionleader(KOL)—someonewhosetsthetoneinadebate,etc.關(guān)鍵意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖；意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖Para15domain[d?'mein]n.anareaofactivity,interest,orknowledge.（活動(dòng)、興趣或知識(shí)的）領(lǐng)域，范圍，范疇litigation['liti'gei?n]n.alegalproceedinginacourt;ajudicialcontesttodetermineandenforcelegalrights訴訟,打官司settlement[‘setlm?nt]n.aconclusiveresolutionofamatteranddispositionofit解決，和解，協(xié)議 out-of-courtsettlement庭外和解Para17antipsychotic['?ntisai'k?tik]adj.counteractingordiminishingthesymptomsofapsychoticdisordersuchasschizophrenia, paranoia,orbipolardisorder治療精神病的,抗精神活動(dòng)的;n.tranquilizerusedtotreatpsychoticconditionswhenacalmingeffectisdesiredn.安定藥Para18cherry-pick:selectivepurposefully有目的地挑選；擇優(yōu)-Thosesayingotherwiseareeithercherrypickingstatisticsorsimplydonotunderstandhowtointerpretthedata.-TheycriticisedtheLiberalDemocratsfor"cherrypicking"informationtocreateastrongerargument.massage['m?sɑ:?]v.tochange(facts,figures,etc.),usu.inadishonestway篡改（事實(shí)、數(shù)字等）Theirgovernmentshavenoreasonto"massage"thestatistics.他們的政府沒(méi)有理由“篡改”這些數(shù)據(jù)。subpoena[s?b'pi:n?]n.awrittenordertoattendacourtoflaw;summons（傳喚出庭的）傳票Para19spin—twistandturnsoastogiveanintendedinterpretation編造 ThePresident'sspokesmenhadtospinthestorytomakeitlessembarrassing.off-patent['?f'peit?nt]adj.theperiodoftimeforwhichsomeonehasthepatentforitcomestoanend 專利保護(hù)到期的；非專利的Para20Subprimemortgage:aclassofmortgageusedbyborrowerswithlowcreditratings.Borrowerswhousesubprimeloansgenerallydonotqualifyforloanswithlowerratesbecausetheyhavedamagedcreditornocredithistory,andarethusconsideredriskybylendingagencies.Becausethedefaultriskforpoorcreditborrowersisgreaterthanofotherborrowers,lenderschargeahigherinterestrateonsubprimeloans.次級(jí)抵押貸款 Here,theauthorisreferringtotheincidentofFrannieMaeandFreddieMac,twoGSE’sintheUSAthattriggeredthe2008globalfinancial