語(yǔ)法自己做筆記背非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

第五講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（1）英語(yǔ)中，不是用作句子謂語(yǔ)，而是用于充當(dāng)其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不像謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞那樣受到主語(yǔ)人稱、數(shù)等因素的限定，它又被稱作非限定(非限制性）動(dòng)詞(

Nonfinite

Verb)。非限制性動(dòng)詞有三種形式：todo不定式-ing形式-ed分詞動(dòng)名詞-ing

分詞

不定式(theInfinitive)

功能:

作主語(yǔ)：TomasterEnglishneedsdiligence.Tohelpothersistohelponeself.Itisagreatpleasuretoseeyouhere.作賓語(yǔ):Doyouwanttohaveacupofcoffee?Theyfounditimpossibletooperateonthepatient

atpresent.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I’dlikeyoutostayafewlonger.Ourteacheraskedmetorecitethetextyesterday.作表語(yǔ):OurtaskistomasterEnglishintheshortestpossibletime.Thebiggestproblemishowto

makefulluseoftime.復(fù)合形式作定語(yǔ):Haveyougotanythingtoeat?Thatfamilyhasonlyasmallhousetolivein.作狀語(yǔ):Wemustworkevenhardertoimproveourpronunciation.Hegotuptoolatetocatchthe6:10train.Youareoldenoughtodoityourself.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式和復(fù)合形式否定形式:在不定式前加not.例如：

Idecidednottogowiththem.Itisgood

nottospitontheground.復(fù)合形式:指不定式前帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，或不定式前帶有what,when,where等詞。例如：It’sapityforustohavetostayathomeinsuchfineweather.Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowto

usethecomputerstomorrow.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing

一般式:不定式動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生MissLin,Iamveryhappy

togowithyou.Togetridofpollution,wehavesomuchworktodo.完成式:不定式表示的動(dòng)作時(shí)間先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Iamveryglad

tohavemetyou.Thegirlseemedtohavefallenasleep.進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobehavingameeting.被動(dòng):Thestudentsliketobeaskedquestions.Weareluckytohavebeenaskedtositinthefront.注：使用不帶“to”不定式：1以why開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)單疑問(wèn)句中Whydoitthatway?Whynotgooutforawalk?2.在hadbetter,wouldrather…(than),cannotbut…,can’thelpbut…,等習(xí)慣用法中。Sincesheisangry,wehadbetterleaveheralone.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.Icouldn’thelpbutwaitforthenextbustocome.3.在donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中,to要省略LastnightIdidnothing

butwatchTV.Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是do的某種形式，but(except)后面要加to.Thedoctortoldhimnothing

buttostopsmoking.Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：afford arrange askattemptbeg decidedetermine expect failintend hope learnlong manage offer plan prepare pretendpromise refuse seek tend volunteer claim常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：advise allow direct enable encourage force help intend invite lead permit persuaderemind tell urge warn注：hope,demand和suggest不可接不定式作

賓補(bǔ)，但可跟引出的賓語(yǔ)從句

錯(cuò)：Hehopedmetogivehimmorehelp.對(duì)：HehopedthatIwouldgivehimmorehelp.錯(cuò)：Thedoctorsuggestsmyfathertostopsmoking.對(duì)：Thedoctorsuggeststhatmyfather(should)stopsmoking.在see,hear,lookat,feel,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞，以及l(fā)et,make,have等其它動(dòng)詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式均省去“to”.但被動(dòng)形式要加“to”.Themanagermadehissecretaryworkovertime.Thesecretarywasmadeto

workovertime.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：“besaid(reported,known等)+不定式”。此結(jié)構(gòu)也可轉(zhuǎn)換成:“itissaid(reported,known…)that”句型ShanxiProvinceisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.ItisknownthatShanxihasrichcoalreserves.“seem(happen,appear,prove,tend等)+不定

式”.Ihappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.(3)“belikely(certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctant等)+不定式”.

Theyarelikelytosucceed.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Everythingseems

(go)smoothly.Hereisanotherletter

(type).Heclaime