初中英語 語法被動語態(tài)精講

WhatisthePassiveVoice?

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：

主動語態(tài)

(theActiveVoice)

被動語態(tài)(thePassiveVoice)What

isit?A.主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)（ActiveVoice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我們打掃了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我們打掃了。Manystudents

study

English.(主動語態(tài))

English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被動語態(tài))Whentouseit?

1.當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。2.當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。這本詞典被保存完好(不需要說明是誰保存的)

。這些書是在二十世紀(jì)二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn)）

Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.被動語態(tài)的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者;如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí)行者難以說出或不必說出.如:AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.

TheStructureis助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞

(be+P.P.)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone一般將來時(shí)：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

這本書是1969年寫成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

這孩子必須被好好照顧。被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時(shí)一樣。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.在改寫中應(yīng)注意：1.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;2.把動詞變成“be+過去分詞”;3.主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。典型題例

例1將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。

We

cleanourclassroomeveryday.

Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動詞的時(shí)態(tài)----即be動詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)----即原句動詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語.bythem.

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：am/are/is+

過去分詞Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Football

allovertheworld

.We

thisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：was/were+

過去分詞4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachines

tomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWall

longago.Twoyearsagothosemachines

shoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)

wereused(byus)tomake一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：will/begoingto+be+

過去分詞6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiary

nextclass.Abirthdayparty

.

willbewritten(byus)

isgoingtoheldbyTom情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must/haveto/can等+be+

過去分詞8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpottery

awayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpottery

atonce.Ourhomework

.

mustbethrownaway(byyou)

hastobefinished(byus)ontimeHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusually

hearhimplayinthenextroom.He

isusuallyheardto

playinthenextroom.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were+過去分詞He

boughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.4．Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情態(tài)動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)：S+will+be+過去分詞Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.We

hadreceived

manylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manyletters

hadbeenreceived

bytheendoflastweek.They

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives___________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine__________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythemAnswerrightorwrong

1.必須照看好孩子們。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.這本書是魯迅寫的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR4.這輛自行車能修嗎？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他們清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWRTheymade

shoesinthatfactory.Theywillmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theycanmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemade

shoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmade

shoesinthatfactory.Theyaremaking

shoesinthatfactory.Theyweremaking

shoesinthatfactory.四．幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化．１帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice

一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu):（1）感覺動詞(hear,see等)改被動語態(tài)（2）使役動詞(let,make等)改被動語態(tài)如動詞為make,see,hear,watch等，后接賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動語態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to”

。如：

Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseento

falloffthetree.思考2：12．IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.She

inthemorning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs

14.Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorse

allday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.I

outforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo

口訣：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch…)helpsb(to)V

behelpedtoV.

Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….三.帶有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時(shí),直接或間接賓語都可做主語,注意間接賓語前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=Abookhasbeengivento

TombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.帶有雙賓語（賓語既有人又有物）的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是:

1.將間接賓語(人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(物)不變。2.將直接賓語(物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotherabook.思考1：將下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：

Wegavehimsomebooks.→He

.→Somebooks

.wasgivensomebooks(byus)

weregiventohim(byus)

注意:約翰打開了收音機(jī)。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時(shí),千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.必背！動詞短語的被動語態(tài)takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterTheysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.類似的還有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport1).不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,,breakout,appear,last,start等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：4.系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.這書賣完了。Thebook

issold

out.這塊表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.知識運(yùn)用一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Onlythirty-eightideas

bythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihua

at6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.

A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.It

whilewewereonholiday.A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreen

twominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB5.Mr.Johnson’sstory

byeveryonewhoheardit.(A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD二、請把下面句子改為被動語態(tài)

1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.→Jack

carefullyhowtouseit.

2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGames

in2008.

wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→

.→.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy_________________________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseen

toplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcountry

moreandmorebeautiful.

shouldbemadetobecome練習(xí)：將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子。Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(競賽）.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.Wetookmanyphotos.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.

Manyphotosweretakenbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroom

isused

forplayingtabletennisbythem.

一、選擇正確答案：

1.Doyouknowwhat_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterday. A.willbefoundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby

4.AnEnglishsong________ontheradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB二、用所給詞的正確形式填空。

(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_____________correctly.

2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth________withwater.3.Ourcity

Beijing.4.Allthemagazines_________________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmachine_____________byMr.Blacklastyear.6.Allthewords

onthebackofthecard.

iscoveredwerereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalledarewritten5)Exercises:選擇填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproduced

C.producedD.isproduces

AADA1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(開辦)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顧)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(寫)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(舉行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWas

builtwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1).Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2).Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3).Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4).French___________(speak)inFrance.5).Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed練習(xí)一請把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌ㄗ⒁鈺r(shí)態(tài)的一致）1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.

2.Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3.DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4.Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.

Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5.Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?

用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?/p>

1.Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2.Heisoften___________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3.Thebook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4.Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5.Sometrees________________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6.Anewsubway_____________(build)nextyear.7.She______________(take)tothehospitalalready.8.Thousandsofsatellites____________(send)upintothespacesofar.9.Theysaidthey____________(invite)tothepartyalready.10.Thetrains____________(produce)inZhuzhou.11.Youngtreesshould_________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewateredMultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.

4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC6.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_______.

9.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_______inherhometown

DDBA.willinviteB.invi