2018年6月英語六級(jí)真題答案解析（卷一）

2018年6月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題答案與詳解（第1套）PartIWriting審題思路：工的工作熱情和工作效率；有利于營造愉悅的工作氛圍；有益于公司和個(gè)人的發(fā)展及進(jìn)步。高分范文：高分范文精彩點(diǎn)評(píng)ImportanceofBuildingBetweenEmployersandEmployees引出話題：信任是一切商業(yè)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。①Itanundeniablefactthattrustcanlayasolidfoundationfor于促進(jìn)公司的發(fā)展。commercialactivities.②Therefore,buildingtrustbetweenemployersand分別使用beginwithNextInadditionemployeesplaysacrucialboostingadevelopment.具體闡明雇主與雇員彼此信任帶來的益beginwith,assayinggoes,thebestbossesunderstandtheart③ofdelegation.Ifabossbelieveshispeopleandtryhisbestdelegate使用intoaccount…總結(jié)全文，再insteadofmicromanage,thisbeliefcanhimcreateanenvironment次重申自己的觀點(diǎn)。whereemployeeswouldhavemorepassionforworkandworkmore④Next,trust,employersandemployeescanachieve加分亮點(diǎn)consensus,buildharmoniouscooperationandhavecommunication,layasolidfoundationfor…為……打下堅(jiān)whichhelpcreateapleasantworkingatmosphere.⑤Inaddition,not實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)buildingtrustbetweenthepartiescandirectlypromotetheplaysacrucialrolein…對……起至關(guān)重growthofthecompanyandindirectlyspurcontinuousdevelopmentofthe要的作用individuals.intoaccountwhathavediscussedabove,safelydelegation授權(quán)，委派arriveataconclusionthatsensibleforbothemployersandemployeesmicromanage微觀管理asthesayinggoes常言道⑥keepmindthatmutualtrustcontributesrealizingawin-winsituation.consensus全文翻譯：雇主語雇員間建立信任的重要性重要的作用。發(fā)展。綜上所述，我們可以得出結(jié)論：相互信任有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏，雇主的員工時(shí)刻牢記這一點(diǎn)是明智的。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAConversationOneallthat?Aregoingasalad?I’mgoingagazpacho.that?(1)GazpachoacoldsoupfromSpain.mostlyvegetables.Iguesscouldcallaliquidsalad.Coldsoup?Soundsweird.delicious.me.ItriedforthefirstduringmysummervacationSpain.see,thesouthofSpain,hottheupacoldgazpachorefreshing.Theingredientsaretomato,bellpeppers,oliveoilandstalebread.bread?Surelymeanbreadfordippingintothesoup?No.Breadcrushedandblendedlikeeverythingelse.(2)Itaddstextureandthicknessthesoup.(3-1)Andhealthy?Sure.Isaidearliermostlyvegetables.canalsoadddifferentthingslike,suchashard-boiledorcuredCuredWhat?sthat?anotherSpanishneverheardofquitefamous.No,goodtoo?Oh,yeah,alittledryandandexpensivebecause(4)comesfromaspecialofpigthatonlyeatsaspecialoffood.TheharmcoveredsaltdryandpreserveAndlefthangforupyears.IthasadistinctSoundsinteresting.WherecanIfindsome?ItusedbedifficultSpanishproducehere.Butnowalotmorecommon.MostsupermarketchainshavecuredhamlittlepacketsbutSpaincombineawholeAwholepegWhywouldanybodywantsoInSpain,peoplebuyawholelegforspecialgroupevents,suchasChristmas.Theycutthemselvesintothinslicesalongflatknife.Questions1to4basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng)，由salad、soup、vegetable、pigbread等詞可以初步推測，對話內(nèi)容與飲食有關(guān)，再結(jié)合Spanish、nutritious、ingredient、cooking、special等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測，對話內(nèi)容涉及某種或某幾種西班牙特色食品，并且討論了食品的制作過程、營養(yǎng)成分等問題。1:doaboutgazpacho?答案：Bgazpachogazpacho理解為一種液體沙拉也是可以的，但這只是為了讓男士對gazpacho有更直觀的認(rèn)識(shí)，不能認(rèn)定為gazpacho是沙拉。因此答案為。2:whatpurposeisstalemixedintogazpacho?答案：A詳解：對話中女士說，往湯里加入干面包是為了讓湯口感更好，更濃稠。因此答案為A。3:Whydoesthewomanthinkgazpachois答案：D詳解：對話中，當(dāng)男士問這種湯是否健康時(shí)，女士十分肯定地說它很健康，因?yàn)檫@種湯是以蔬菜為主要原料制作而成的。因此答案為D。4:doesthewomansayaboutham?答案：C詳解：對話中，女士給男士解釋curedham時(shí)說，這是另一種西班牙美食。后面又提到這種腌制的火腿非常昂貴，因?yàn)樗∽砸环N特殊品種的豬，而且這種豬只吃一種特殊的食物。因此答案為。ConversationHello,Iwishbuyabottleofwine.Whatkindofwinewouldlike?Idon'tIdon'tknowmuchaboutwine.That?snoproblematall.What?stheoccasionandhowmuchwouldlikespend?formyboss.It?shisIknowhelikeswine,butIdon'tknowwhattype.Ialsodonotwantanythingtooexpensive,maybemid-range.Howmuchwouldsayamid-rangebottleofwineapproximately?variesOurlowestpricesarearound$6abottle,(5)butthosearetablewines.Theyarenotspecial.AndIwouldnotsuggestthemasagift.theotherend,ourexpensivebottlesareover$150.arelookingforsomethingpricedthemiddle,Iwouldsayanythingbetween$30and$60wouldadecentgift.Howdoesthatsound?yeah.（6Iguesssomethingthevicinityof30or40wouldbegood.Whichwouldrecommend?Iwouldsaythesafestoptionaredwine.Theyaregenerallypopularthanwhites,andcanusuallybepairedfoodOurspecialtyhereareItalianwines,andthesetendbefruitymedium(8-1)ThisonehereaChianti,whichperhapsItaly'smostfamousofredwine.wishtryandsurpriseyourbosssomethinglesscommon,suchastheZinfandel.ThegrapesareoriginallynativeCroatiabutthiswineryeastItalyandhasamorespicyandpepperysummarize,theChiantimoreclassicalandtheZinfandelexciting.Botharesimilarlypricedatjustunder$40.M:(8-2)IChiantithen.Thanks.Questions5to8basedonconversationyouhaveheard.giftswine關(guān)，再結(jié)合第6題選項(xiàng)中的不同價(jià)格區(qū)間，第7、8兩題選項(xiàng)中的Italians、spicy、redwine等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測，對話內(nèi)容涉及意大利紅葡萄酒，并且兩人談到了葡萄酒的價(jià)格、口味方面。5Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftablewines?答案：B詳解：對話中，女士對男士說，她店里最便宜的葡萄酒大約6美元一瓶，但這些都是普通的佐餐酒，沒有什么特別之處，她不建議男士買這種葡萄酒作為禮物。也就是說，這種tablewine不是體面的禮物，答案為。6Whatisthepricerangeofwinethemanwillconsider?答案：A詳解：對話中，男士提到，他希望購買價(jià)格在30或40美元左右的葡萄酒。因此答案為A。7Whydoesthewomanrecommendwines答案：D詳解：對話中，女士建議男士購買紅葡萄酒，因?yàn)榧t葡萄酒通常比白葡萄酒更受歡迎，并且紅葡萄酒與食物更容易搭配。也就是說，紅葡萄酒可以與不同的食物進(jìn)行搭配飲用，答案為D。8Whatdoaboutthewinethemanfinallybought?答案：D詳解：對話末尾，男士決定要買Chianti（基安蒂紅葡萄酒），而根據(jù)女士此前的介紹，Chianti是意大利最有名的一種紅葡萄酒。因此答案為D。SectionBPassage(9)Manypeopleenjoysecretcodes.Theharderthecode,themoresomepeoplewilltrytofigureitout.wartime,codesespeciallyimportant.Theyhelparmysendnewsaboutbattlesandofenemyforces.Neithersidewantsitscodebrokenbythe(10-1)Oneimportantcodeneverbroken.usedduringtwobytheAmericans.spokencode,neverwrittendown,anditsdevelopedandusedbyNavajoIndians.TheycalledtheNavajocodetalkers.TheNavajocreatedthecodesintheirownlanguage.Navajoistoandonlyapeopleknowit.Soitprettycertainthattheenemywouldnotbeabletounderstandthecodetalkers.addition,thetalkersusedcodewords.Theycalledasubmarineandironfishandasmallbombthrownbyhandapotato.theywantedtospellsomething,theyusedcodewordsforlettersoftheAlphabet.instance,theletterAantorappleorax.ThecodetalkersworkedmostlyintheislandsinthePacific.Oneortwowouldbeassignedagroupofsoldiers.Theywouldsendmessagesbyfieldtelephonetothecodetalkerinthenextgroup.Andhewouldtheinformationtohis(10-2)Thecodetalkersplayedimportantinseveralbattles.Theyhelpedthetroopscoordinatetheirmovementsandattacks.Afterthethegovernmentshonoredthemforwhattheyhadaccomplished.Theirsthemostsuccessfulwartimecodeused.Questions9tobasedonpassageyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由各選項(xiàng)中的Decodingarmybreakingenemysecretcodes可以初步推測，該短文與軍用密碼的破譯有關(guān)，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)中的helpthearmyPacificmilitarycode等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測，短文內(nèi)容涉及二戰(zhàn)期間美國軍隊(duì)在太平洋區(qū)域使用的密碼。9Whatdoesthespeakersaymanypeopleenjoydoing?答案：C詳解：短文開頭即指出，很多人喜歡密碼。密碼越難，他們就越想要破譯出來。也就是說，很多人喜歡破譯秘密消息，答案為。10.WhatdoabouttheNavajocodetalkers?答案：A詳解：短文中提到，在二戰(zhàn)期間，美國的一種密碼從未被敵方破譯。這種密碼以印第安部落納瓦霍人的語言為基著重要作用。由此可知，他們在二戰(zhàn)期間給予了美國軍隊(duì)巨大的幫助，答案為A。1Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?答案：C使用者、使用方法以及戰(zhàn)后美國政府對這些密碼人員的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)進(jìn)行了介紹。由此可以判斷，文章圍繞著密碼展開，向讀者全面講述了這種從未被成功破譯的密碼，答案為。Passageyouyoungandthinkingaboutyouryouwanttoknowwhereyoumakealiving.(12)there’stobeatechnologicalreplacementofalotofknowledge-intensivejobsinthenext20years,particularlyinthetwosectorsofthelaborwithprofessionalskills.Oneisteaching,andthehealthcare.havesomanyapplicationsandsoftwareandplatformsthattocomeinandprovideinformationandserviceinthesetwofields,whichmeansalotofhealthandeducationsectorswillberadicallychangedandalotofjobswillbelost.(13)willthenewjobsbefound?theonesectoroftheeconomythatcan'tbeeasilyduplicatedbysmalltechnologiesisthecaringsector—thepersonalis,can'treallygetarobottodoagreatmassageorphysicalorcan'tgetthekindofpersonalattentionwithregardtotherapyoranyotherpersonalservice.Therecouldbepersonalservices.(14)TherapistdoalotofIthinkthere'snolimittotheamountofpersonalattentionandpersonalcarepeoplewouldlikeiftheycouldit.But,therealquestioninthefutureishowcomepeoplethesethingsiftheydon'thavebecausetheycan'tgetajobthatenough.(15)That'swhyIwrotethisbook,whichisabouthowtoreorganizetheeconomyforthefuturewhentechnologybringsaboutdestructivechangestowhatusedtoconsiderhigh-incomework.Questions12to15basedonpassageyouhaveheard.knowledge-intensivejobsreplacedrevolutionizeroboticsnext20years和technology等詞可推測，短文內(nèi)容與未來20年科技發(fā)展給就業(yè)方面所帶來的影響有關(guān)。1Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappeninthenext20years?答案：B詳解：短文開頭提到，未來20年，一大批知識(shí)密集型的工作將會(huì)被科技所取代。因此答案為。1Wherewillpeoplehavemorechancestofindjobs?答案：C詳解：短文中明確提到，個(gè)人護(hù)理領(lǐng)域的工作不可能輕易地被技術(shù)復(fù)制，即使是智能技術(shù)也不行。因此，將來人們在這一領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該可以比較容易找到工作，答案為。1Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherapist?答案：A詳解：短文中提到，理療師們確實(shí)收費(fèi)很高。因此答案為A。1Whatisthebookabout?答案：B詳解：短文末尾，講話者說，她的這本書主要討論的是在未來社會(huì)，當(dāng)技術(shù)給我們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為的高收入工作帶來破答案為。SectionCRecordingOneAmericanresearchershavediscoveredtheworld'soldestpavedroad,a4,600-year-old(16)linkedastonepitintheEgyptiantothatcarriedblockstomonumentsitesalongtheNile.The8-mileisleast500yearsolderthananypreviouslydiscoveredroad.istheonlypaveddiscoveredinancientEgypt,saidgeologistThomasoftheUnitedStatesGeologicalreportedthediscoveryonprobablydoesn'twiththepyramidsaconstructionfeat,butitisamajorengineeringachievement,"saidhiscolleague,geologistJamesHarrelloftheUniversityofonlyistheearlierthanthoughtpossible,didn'tthinktheybuiltroads."(17)Theresearchersalsomadeadiscoveryinthestonepitthenorthernendoftheroad:thefirstevidencethattheEgyptiansusedsaws."Thisistheoldestexampleofsawsbeingusedforcuttingstone,"saidcolleagueJamesofWheatonCollegeinIllinois."That'stwotechnologiesdidn'tknowtheyhad,"Harrellsaid."Anddon'tknowwhytheybothabandoned."ThediscoveredintheFaiyumDepression,about45milessouthwestofCairo.Shortsegmentsofthehadobservedbyearlierexplorers,said,buttheyfailedtorealizeitssignificanceorfollowupontheirobservations.andhiscolleaguesstumbleditwhiletheydoinggeologicalmappingintheregion.(18)Theclearlybuilttoprovideservicesforthenewlydiscoveredstonepit.andHarrellhavefoundthethathousedworkersthestonepit.Theappearstodaytonowhere,endinginthemiddleofthedesert.Whenitbuilt,itsterminaladockontheshoreofLakeMoeris,whichhadelevationofabout66abovesealevel,thesamethedock.LakeMoerisreceiveditsfromtheannualfloodsoftheNile.thetimeofthefloods,theriverandlakethesamelevelandconnectedthroughagapinthehillsthemodernvillagesofel-LahunandHawara.Harrellandbelievethatblocksloadedontoduringthedryseason,thenfloatedovertotheNileduringthefloodstobeshippedtothemonumentsitesGizaandSaqqara.Questions16to18basedonyouhaveheard.thelongestroadancientEgyptconstructed500years和connectthevillagesalongthe1617題可能考查在這條路上或其周圍的發(fā)現(xiàn)；第18題可能考查這條路的建造目的。1WhatdofromthelectureabouttheoldestpavedinEgypt?答案：D詳解：講座開頭提到，美國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上最古老的人工鋪就的道路，它將埃及沙漠里的一個(gè)采石場和運(yùn)送石塊的水路連接了起來。因此答案為D。1Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinthestonepit?答案：A詳解：講座中提到，研究人員在這條路北端的采石場發(fā)現(xiàn)了埃及人使用巖石鋸的第一個(gè)證據(jù)，這是人們使用鋸子來切割石頭的最古老的例子。因此答案為A。1whatpurposethepavedbuilt?答案：B詳解：講座中明確提到，這條路顯然是為了給新發(fā)現(xiàn)的采石場提供服務(wù)而建造的。因此答案為。RecordingThethin,extremelysharpneedleshurtallin.Gongpiercedthemintomyleftarm,aroundtheelbowthathadbotheringme.(19)Otherneedlesslippedintomyleftwristand,intomyrightarm,andthenintobothmyclosedeyelids.Thereanydiscomfort,justamildwarmingsensation.IdidbegintowonderwhathaddrivenmetotheofJamesinChinatown.ThenIremembered－thetorturingpaininthatleft(20)(Severaltripstoahospitalandtwoexpensive,uncomfortablemedicaltestshadfailedtoproduceadiagnosis.“Maybeonlefttoomuch,”thedoctorconcluded,suggestingIseeaboneDuringthehoursspentwaitinginvaintoseeaboneIdecidedtotakeanotherandtryacupuncture.)AChinese-AmericanfriendrecommendedItookthesubwaytoGong?ssecond-floormarkedwithahand-paintedGongspeaksEnglish,butnotoften.Mostofmyquestionstohimgreetedwithafriendlylaugh,butImanagedtolethimknowmyhurt.askedmetointoaroom,hadmeliedownonabed,andwenttowork.thenextroom,Ilearned,awomandanceralsogettingatreatment.Ilaythereawhile,Idriftedintoadream-likestateandfantasizedaboutwhatshelookedlike.AcupuncturiststodaylikelytobefoundonParkonMottStreet.all,thereestimated10,000acupuncturistsintheNowadays,alotofmedicaldoctorshavelearnedacupuncturetechniques;sohaveanumberofdentists.(21)Reason?Patientdemand.though,adequatelyexplainhowacupunctureworks.Acupuncturistsmaysaythatthebodyhasmorethan800acupuncturepoints.AlifecalledqicirculatesthroughthePointsontheskinconnectedtospecificbodystructuresandsystems.Acupuncturepointsstimulatedtobalancethecirculationofqi.”Thetruthis,thoughacupunctureisleast2,200yearsold,“nobodyreallyknowswhat?shappening,”saysPaulZmiewski,aPh.D.inChinesestudieswhopracticesacupunctureinPhiladelphia.Afterfivetreatments,therehasdramaticimprovementinmyarm,andthepainisafractionofwhatitwas.ThemainlysilentGongfinallyadiagnosisforwhattroubledme.“Pinchednerve,”hesaid.Questions19to21basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由Gongpain、acupuncture等詞可以初步推測，講座內(nèi)容與中醫(yī)針灸治療緩解疼痛有關(guān)；再結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)中的New、perfected、nothaveanynegativesideeffects等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測，講座內(nèi)容涉及針灸療法在美國的推廣和所具備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)等。1Whatdoesthespeakerfindespeciallystrange?答案：DGong大夫起初是把針扎進(jìn)了他一直就感覺很不舒服的左手肘周圍，隨后又把針扎進(jìn)了他的左手腕，但此后的動(dòng)作他就感覺很奇怪了，因?yàn)樗挠沂直垡约半p眼瞼都沒有不舒服，但Gong大夫也給扎了針。因此答案為D。2Whydidthespeakersee答案：C詳解：講話者提到，他的左手肘疼，但是去了好幾次醫(yī)院，做了幾項(xiàng)又貴又難挨的醫(yī)療檢查之后，醫(yī)生都未能做出診斷，還建議他去看骨科大夫，就是在等待看骨科大夫的時(shí)候，他決定去嘗試一下中醫(yī)的針灸療法。也就是說，他之所以會(huì)去找Gong大夫看病，是因?yàn)榇饲暗闹委煻紱]有效果，答案為C。2WhataccountforthegrowingpopularityofacupunctureintheUnitedStates,accordingtothespeaker?答案：A詳解：講座中，講話者用簡簡單單的兩個(gè)詞“Patientdemand”就說明了為什么針灸療法在美國會(huì)越來越受歡迎，原因就在于患者的需求。因此答案為A。RecordingThreeRonaldandLois,marriedfortwodecades,consideredthemselvesahappycouple.(22)intheearlyyearsoftheirmarriage,bothdistilledbypersistentthattowithoutbeingtrulyresolved.Theyuncoveredcluestowhatwrongbyresearchingafascinatingsubject:howbirthordernotonlyyourbutalsohowcompatibleyouarewithyourmate.(23)Ronaldandonlychildren,and“onlies”upaccustomedtobeingtheappleofparents’eyes.Matchtwoonliesandhavepartnerstosubconsciouslyexpecteachothertocontinuefulfillingthisexpectation,whileneitherhasmuchexperienceinthe“giving”end.alistofcommonbirth-ordercharacteristicsandsomethoughtsonthebestandworstmaritalmatchesforeach.(24)Theoldesttendstobeself-assured,responsible,aandrelativelyseriouslyreserved.maybeslowtomakefriends.Perhapscontentwithonlyonecompanion.Thebestmatcheswithayoungest,oramateraisedinaTheworstmatchiswithanotheroldest,sincethetwowillbetoosovereigntoshareahouseholdTheyoungestchildofthefamilythrivesonattentionandtendstobeoutgoing,adventurous,optimistic,creativeandlessambitiousthanothersinthemayself-disciplineandhavedifficultymakingdecisionsonhisown.Ayoungestbrotherofbrothersoftenunpredictableandromanticwillmatchbestwitholdestsisterofbrothers.Theyoungestsisterofbrothersisbestmatchedwiththeoldestbrotherofwhowillhappilyindulgethesetraits.Themiddlechildisinfluencedbymanyvariables;middleslesslikelytotakeinitiativeandmoreanxiousandself-criticalthanothers.Middlesoftensuccessfullyothermiddles.Sincebothstrongontact,notsostrongontheaggressivenessandtendto(25)Theonlychildisoftenmostcomfortablewhenalone.since“only”tendstobeawell-adjustedindividual,she'lleventuallytorelatetoanychosenspouse.Themaleonlychildexpectshiswifetomakelifewithoutgettingmuchinreturn.issometimesbestmatchedwithasisterofbrothers.Thefemaleonlychild,whotendstobeslightlymoreflexible,iswellmatchedwitholderman,whowillindulgehertendencytotesthislove.worstmuch?Anotherofcourse.Questions22to25basedonyouhaveheard.quarreledarguedspoiledchildhood和marriagesgoodatadventurousresponsiblewelladjusted等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測，講座內(nèi)容可能涉及夫妻雙方的不同性格特征。2WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutRonaldandearlyyearsofmarriedlife?答案：CRonald和Lois那幾年里，他們總是不停地爭吵，看起來每次爭吵都會(huì)過去，但問題總是沒有真正地解決。因此答案為。23.WhatdoaboutRonaldandLois?答案：ARonald和LoisOnlies是only的復(fù)數(shù)形式，only意為“獨(dú)生子女”。因此答案為A。2Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheoldestchildinthe答案：D詳解：講座中提到，家中最大的孩子通常很自信，有責(zé)任感。因此答案為D。25.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheonlychildren?答案：B詳解：講座末尾提到，獨(dú)生子女通常在自己一個(gè)人待著的時(shí)候比較舒服自在，但獨(dú)生子女的適應(yīng)能力一般都比較強(qiáng)，因此他們最終能學(xué)著去適應(yīng)自己的伴侶。因此答案為。PartⅢReadingSectionA全文翻譯：掃描并繪制吉薩金字塔群地圖的科學(xué)家們稱，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)吉薩大金字塔并不完全對稱。但實(shí)際相差也不是很大。這座金字塔是世界七大奇跡中最古老的。數(shù)百年來，這座金字塔的實(shí)際尺寸一直（困擾著21移走了。AERAGRAM28）記錄殘余物30）最多比西側(cè)的長度短5.5英寸.然而，最（31）吸引他的問題不是設(shè)計(jì)和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前是如何出錯(cuò)的，而是他們是如何做32完美的。達(dá)什寫道：“我們只能猜測埃及人在僅用當(dāng)時(shí)的工具的情況下進(jìn)行鋪線是怎樣做到如此33精確34假設(shè)是埃及人把設(shè)計(jì)圖畫在坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)格上，他特別指出這座大金字塔僅（35略3角分543角分51角秒）—名—考古學(xué)家阿特拉斯·奧勃斯庫拉指出，這一差異的數(shù)值“很小，但很近似”。詞：A)chronicles編年史；E)hypothesis假設(shè)；F)maximum最大值，最大量；momentum動(dòng)力，勢頭；J)precision精確性，精度；Lremnants殘余部分，殘余物；revelations揭露，透露詞：A)chronicles記錄，將……載入編年史中；B)complete完成；established建立，設(shè)立；fascinates深深吸引，迷住Iperfect完善；puzzled使迷惑，使困惑；Mremoved移走，去除動(dòng)形容詞：B)complete完整的；established確立已久的；I）perfect完美的詞：mysteriously神秘地；Oslightly略微，稍微詳解詳析：副2答案：puzzled使迷惑，使困惑詳解：空格所在句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，空格位于助動(dòng)詞has之后，賓語experts之前，因此應(yīng)填及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。此處意為“數(shù)百年來，這座金字塔的實(shí)際尺寸一直_______學(xué)者們”。上文提到，這座金字塔是世界七大奇詞，故答案為puzzled使迷惑，使困惑。2答案：Mremoved移走，去除aswereestablished和removedstones石頭”，而石頭不能beestablished“被建立”，故答案為M）removed移走，去除。此處意為“‘超過21英畝的堅(jiān)硬白色圍石’原本覆蓋在這座金字塔上，但很久以前被移走了”?！?答案：A)chronicles記錄，將……載入編年史中whichtheworkAERAGRAM是一份用來__________古埃及研究協(xié)會(huì)所做工作的簡報(bào)，在其最新一期的報(bào)道中，工程師……?！备鶕?jù)句意推斷，簡報(bào)應(yīng)該是“記錄工作”，故答案為A)chronicles記錄，將……載入編年史中。2答案：remnants殘余部分，殘余物survivingof存下來的外殼_________”。根據(jù)上文可知，原本覆蓋在金字塔上的白色圍石很久以前就被移走了，因此幸存下來的外殼應(yīng)該是殘余物，故答案為Lremnants殘余部分，殘余物。3答案：F)maximum最大值，最大量詳解：空格位于不定冠詞a之后，介詞of之前，因此應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。本句意為“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)金字塔東側(cè)的長度________比西側(cè)的長度短5.5英寸?！备鶕?jù)上文可知，金字塔并不完全對稱，但實(shí)際相差也不是很多，因此推斷此處表示最多相差5.5F)maximumamaximumof多，最大”。3答案：fascinates深深吸引，迷住what______備選動(dòng)詞中符合句意的只有fascinates深深吸引，迷住D為答案。3答案：Iperfect完美的詳解：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格位于soclose之后，根據(jù)but前的wrong可以判斷，空格處所填詞與wrong一詞對應(yīng)，也應(yīng)該填入形容詞。前文提到，最吸引他的問題不是設(shè)計(jì)和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前butIperfect完符合句意，故為答案，closeperfect為固定搭配，意為“近乎完美的”。3答案：J)precision精確性，精度詳解：空格位于限定詞such之后，因此應(yīng)填入不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處意為“埃及人在僅使用當(dāng)時(shí)的工具的情況下進(jìn)行鋪線是如何做到如此_________的”。根據(jù)上文中提到的金字塔不完全對稱，但實(shí)際相差不多，以及東側(cè)的長度最多比西側(cè)的長度短5.5J)precision精確性，精度。3答案：E)hypothesishis只能猜測埃及人是如何做到精準(zhǔn)鋪線的，由格上也是推測，是達(dá)什的假設(shè)，故答案為E)hypothesis假設(shè)。3答案：Oslightly略微，稍微詳解：空格位于謂語動(dòng)詞oriented之后，應(yīng)填入副詞。此處意為“大金字塔僅_______偏離主方向”。由下文間的差異也很小，故答案為Oslightly略微，稍微。SectionB全文翻譯：同齡人壓力有積極的一面（）青少年的父母經(jīng)常用懷疑的眼光看待自己孩子的朋友。他們擔(dān)心青少年同齡群體有能力促使其成員單獨(dú)駕車或載有成年人時(shí)，發(fā)生致命車禍的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。B)在2005年一項(xiàng)研究中，天普大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家勞倫斯·斯坦伯格及其合著者，彼時(shí)也在天普大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家馬戈·加德納，將306人分成三個(gè)年齡組：年齡較小的青少年，平均年齡為14歲；年齡較大的青少年，平均年齡為19歲；24歲及以上的成年人。實(shí)驗(yàn)對象玩一款電腦駕駛游戲，在游戲中，玩家必須避免撞上毫無征兆突然出現(xiàn)在路上的墻壁。斯坦伯格和加德納隨機(jī)分配了一些參與者單獨(dú)玩游戲，或者有兩個(gè)同齡的伙伴旁觀。（37-1）當(dāng)有同齡人旁觀時(shí)，年齡較大的青少年在危險(xiǎn)駕駛指數(shù)上的得分要高出大約50%；當(dāng)其他青少年與此相反，成年人的行為方式卻沒有什么差別，不管他們是獨(dú)自一人還是有他人旁觀。（37-2）斯坦伯格和加德納總結(jié)說：“同齡人的存在使青少年和年輕人，而非成年人，更有可能冒險(xiǎn)?！比欢谶@項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表后的幾年里，斯坦伯格開始相信，這種解釋并沒有抓住問題的全貌。為什么在其他現(xiàn)在一些專家提出，我們應(yīng)該利用青少年的大腦對朋友在場的敏銳感知，并借助它來改善教育。在年的一項(xiàng)研究中，斯坦伯格和他的同事們轉(zhuǎn)而使用功能性磁共振來研究同齡人的存在如何影響青少年的大腦活動(dòng)。他們掃描了40名正在玩虛擬駕駛游戲的青少年和成年人的大腦，該游戲旨在測試玩家會(huì)在黃燈時(shí)剎車，還是會(huì)加速通過十字路口。與獨(dú)處時(shí)相比，被同齡人觀察是青少年的大腦，而非成年人的大腦，在兩個(gè)月獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)相關(guān)的區(qū)域表現(xiàn)得更為換句話說，當(dāng)青少年和同齡人共處時(shí)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對他們而言作用更強(qiáng)烈，這促使他們?nèi)プ非罂赡軙?huì)帶來巨他8同齡人的存在如何影響年輕人收集和應(yīng)用信息的方式。結(jié)果是：與獨(dú)自玩愛荷華賭博任務(wù)的青少年相比，在青少年同伴注視下玩該游戲的青少年探索行為更多，從積極和消極的結(jié)果中學(xué)習(xí)的更快，并且在任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)得更好。（在同齡人在場時(shí)比他們獨(dú)處時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)更快、更有效?！边@一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對我們思考如何教育青少年有著重要的意義。H)（36）馬修·D.利伯曼是加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的一名社會(huì)認(rèn)知神經(jīng)學(xué)家，也是2013年出版的《社會(huì)：為什么我們的大腦被連接在一起》一書的作者，他懷疑人類的大腦在學(xué)習(xí)具有社會(huì)意義的信息方面特別熟練。他指出，2004年的一項(xiàng)經(jīng)典研究中，達(dá)特茅斯大學(xué)和哈佛大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家使用功能性磁共振來追蹤17名年輕男子在聆聽他們在有社交動(dòng)機(jī)的情況下，可以更好的記住這些陳述。I)該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對象思考并隨后回憶信息內(nèi)容方面的描述時(shí)，與事實(shí)記憶相關(guān)的區(qū)域，如內(nèi)測顳葉變即使此時(shí)傳統(tǒng)記憶區(qū)域的活動(dòng)水平較低。（）最近，正如他在2012年的一篇評(píng)論中所報(bào)告的，利伯曼已發(fā)現(xiàn)，和存儲(chǔ)學(xué)校中教授的信息——這有可能會(huì)讓學(xué)生獲得一些尚未開發(fā)的智力?！盝)39它實(shí)際上是一種由荷爾蒙變化引發(fā)的神的家庭，同時(shí)與父母分開并自謀生計(jì)。為了成功地做到這一點(diǎn)，他們的大腦促使他們?nèi)ニ伎忌踔撩詰賱e人。然而，我們的學(xué)校主要側(cè)重于把學(xué)生當(dāng)作個(gè)體。如果教育者利用青少年會(huì)受到強(qiáng)烈的驅(qū)動(dòng)從社交角度進(jìn)行介紹丘吉爾。本身較少涉及人際關(guān)系的科目，如數(shù)學(xué)，可以通過團(tuán)隊(duì)解決問題和同伴輔導(dǎo)的方式獲得其社交方面。（44研究表明，當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱私虅e人而吸收信息時(shí)，我們學(xué)得更準(zhǔn)確和更深入，也許部分原因是我們正在參與我們的社會(huì)認(rèn)知。L）盡管焦慮的父母可能并不接受一觀念，但教育者可以將青春期的魯莽轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷W(xué)術(shù)目的。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)學(xué)家薩拉-38我們應(yīng)該向此類學(xué)生保證，冒險(xiǎn)，甚至同齡人的壓力都可能會(huì)成為一件好事——只要它發(fā)生的教室里，而非汽車?yán)?。詳解詳析?ItthoughtprobablethattheMatthewLieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofhumanbrainparticularlygoodatCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsArepicking-upsociallyimportantConnect，suspectsthatthehumanbrainespeciallyadeptatlearninginformation.sociallysalientinformation.pointsaclassic2004studywhich譯文：人們認(rèn)為人類的大腦可能特psychologistsatDartmouthandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRI別善于獲取具有重要社會(huì)意義的信trackbrainactivity17youngastheylisteneddescriptionsofpeoplewhile定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞thehumanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription）orsociallyneutralbrainsociallyimportantinformation（suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsthedescription）information定位到H段畫線處。concentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues（forexample,tryingforman和descriptionsweretheeachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.詳解：H段第一句提到，馬修·D.利伯曼懷疑人類的大腦在學(xué)習(xí)具有社會(huì)意義的信息方面特別熟練。題干中的particularlygoodat對應(yīng)原文中的especiallyskillfulat;important是對原文中significant的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為H。37.ItcanbeconcludedfromexperimentthattheC.Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofpresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyriskydrivingwhentheirpeersweretheroom—andthedrivingofadolescentsandyouth.earlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.contrast,adultsbehavedsimilarregardlessof增加了青少年和年輕人的冒險(xiǎn)行為。whethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers.presenceof定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞thepresenceofpeers、peersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelyeincreasesrisk-taking和adolescentsandyouth定risks,”SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.C段畫線處。詳解：C段第一句列舉了年齡較大的青少年和年齡較小的青少年這兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：當(dāng)有同齡人在場時(shí)，年齡較大的青少年在危險(xiǎn)駕駛指數(shù)上得分要高出大約50%increasesrisk-taking對應(yīng)原文中的makes...morelikelyrisks，故答案為C。38.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingAndalthoughanxiousparentsnotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnessacademicends.“Risktheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.譯文：應(yīng)該告知學(xué)生，教室內(nèi)的冒險(xiǎn)可能takinganeducationalcontextavitalskillthatenablesprogressand具有積極作用。wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistat定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞risk-takingtheUniversityLondon,areviewpublishedlastshenoted,classroom和somethingpositive定位到L段youngpeopleareespeciallyriskaverseatschool—afraidthatone畫線處。lowtestscoreorshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongashappenstheclassroomandnotthemediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselective詳解：L段最后一句提到，我們應(yīng)該向此類學(xué)生保證，冒險(xiǎn)，甚至同齡人的壓力都可能會(huì)成為一件好事——只要它發(fā)生在教室里，而非汽車?yán)?。根?jù)上下文可知，定位句中的指代risk；題干中的Studentsshouldbetold對應(yīng)原文shouldassuresuchstudentssomethingpositive對應(yīng)原文中的agoodthing，故答案為。39.TheoffindingaandJ.Ifhumansaregenerallygearedrecalldetailsaboutonethispatterngettingmarriedaccountsforprobablyevenpowerfulamongteenagerswhoareattentivesocialadolescents’greaterattentiondetails:whoin,whoout,wholikeswhom,whomadatwhom.Theirpenchantsocialinteractions.schoolworkorofdrivingadultsactuallyaneurological（神經(jīng)的）使得青少年更加關(guān)注社會(huì)交往。initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peoplethiseforsocialdramanot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirfindingamategroupareatawhichtheycanpreparefindamateandstarttheirown和gettingmarried定位到J畫線familywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.dothistheirbrainpromptsthemthinkandevenobsessaboutothers.詳解：J段倒數(shù)第三句提到，它實(shí)際上是一種由荷爾蒙變化引發(fā)的神經(jīng)敏感。由上文可知，定位句句首的It指代上一句的主語Theirdesireforsocialdrama,而initiatedbyhormonalchanges則說明了青少年關(guān)注社會(huì)戲劇事件的原因。階段，他們可能準(zhǔn)備尋找伴侶和組建自己的家庭，同時(shí)與父母分開并自謀生計(jì)。題干中的gettingmarried對應(yīng)原文starttheirownsocialinteractions對應(yīng)原文中的socialdrama，故答案為J。40.AccordingthepresenceofpeersTheresults:whoplayedtheIowaGamblingundertheincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’eyesoffellowadolescentsengagedmoreexploratoryleaning.learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachieved譯文：斯坦伯格認(rèn)為，同齡人在場提高了青少betterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedsolitude.年學(xué)習(xí)的速度和效率?！癢hatourstudysuggeststhatteenagerslearnmorequicklyand定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Steinberg、increasesthemorewhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey‘reonspeedandeffectiveness以及teenagers’leaning定theirown,”Steinbergsays.AndthisfindingcouldhaveimportantG段畫線處。implicationsforhowthinkabouteducatingadolescents.題干中的thepresenceofpeers對應(yīng)原文中的theirpeersarepresentincreasesthespeedandeffectiveness對應(yīng)原文中的morequicklyandmoreeffectively，故答案為G。41.parentsareoftenconcernedaboutParentsofteenagersoftentheirchildren‘sfriendshnegativepeerinfluence.somethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergroup譯文：青少年的父母常常擔(dān)心同齡人的負(fù)面影hasthepowerpushmembersintobehaviorthatfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinesswellfounded:statisticsfor定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞parents和example,thatateenagedriverapassengerthecarconcernedabout定位到A段畫線處。athigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneoranadult.詳解：A他們擔(dān)心青少年同齡群體有能力促使其成員做出愚蠢甚至危險(xiǎn)的行為。題干中的are...concernedabout對應(yīng)原文中的worry；negativepeerinfluence是對原文中的thepowerpushmembersintobehaviorthatfoolishandevendangerous的概括總結(jié)，故答案為A。4ActivatingthesocialnetworkI.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalledinvolvedsociallymotivatedlearningdescriptionstermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedandmemoryallowstudentstapfactualsuchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingunusedmentalpowers.aboutorrememberingdescriptionstermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivated譯文：激活涉及社交動(dòng)機(jī)型學(xué)習(xí)和記憶thedorsomedialprefrontalcor