交通燈實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告-4

-9--1-EDA實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告交通燈設(shè)計(jì)姓名：張惠洋班級(jí)：020915學(xué)號(hào)：02091463

EDA實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告—交通燈的控制一實(shí)驗(yàn)要求：分兩個(gè)方向（1、2），每個(gè)方向各有紅（R）、綠（G）、黃（Y）三個(gè)交通燈。有自動(dòng)、手動(dòng)兩種控制方式。在自動(dòng)方式下，控制器的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移表為：狀態(tài) 亮燈 停留時(shí)間S0 R1,G2 2秒S1 R1,Y2 1秒S2 G1,R2 2秒S3 Y1,R2 1秒在手動(dòng)方式下，按下按鈕K0~K3時(shí)直接進(jìn)入對應(yīng)序號(hào)的狀態(tài)，隨后即轉(zhuǎn)入自動(dòng)方式。交通燈、按鈕分別利用實(shí)驗(yàn)板上的發(fā)光二極管、按鈕。二實(shí)驗(yàn)器材： PC機(jī)一臺(tái)、FPGA教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)板一塊三實(shí)驗(yàn)原理與內(nèi)容：1原理 (1)本題中交通燈的狀態(tài)可用有限狀態(tài)機(jī)模型描述。根據(jù)輸出與輸入之間的關(guān)系，有限狀態(tài)機(jī)可以分為兩種類型：Moore和Mealy型。這兩種狀態(tài)機(jī)的區(qū)別在于：Mealy型狀態(tài)機(jī)的輸出由狀態(tài)機(jī)的輸入和狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)共同決定；Moore型狀態(tài)機(jī)的輸出僅與狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)有關(guān)，而與狀態(tài)機(jī)的輸入無關(guān)。本題中的輸出由六個(gè)發(fā)光二級(jí)光顯示，其狀態(tài)僅與當(dāng)前狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)有關(guān)，故該題為Moore模型的狀態(tài)機(jī)。下圖為狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)表：狀態(tài)表當(dāng)前狀態(tài)下一狀態(tài)輸出K0=0K1=0K2=0K3=0時(shí)間未到時(shí)間到S0S0S1S2S3S0S1011101S1S0S1S2S3S1S2011110S2S0S1S2S3S2S3101011S3S0S1S2S3S3S0110011狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移圖：S0/011101S2/101011S3/110011S1/011110K3=0/時(shí)間未到 K3=0/時(shí)間未到S0/011101S2/101011S3/110011S1/011110 K0=0K1=0/時(shí)間到 K0=0 K3=0 K0=0/時(shí)間到 K2=0/時(shí)間到 K3=0 K1=0K3=0/時(shí)間未到 k1=0 k2=0/時(shí)間未到 K2=0K3=0/時(shí)間到K2=0(2)本題中所用到的FPGA芯片為CYCLONEEP1C6Q240C8，時(shí)鐘為4M。故用到一個(gè)4M的時(shí)鐘分頻器。2.程序設(shè)計(jì)組件一：實(shí)體jiaotongdeng的程序libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;useieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entityjiaotongdengisport( clk:instd_logic; k0 :instd_logic; k1 :instd_logic; k2 :instd_logic; k3 :instd_logic; r1,g1,y1,r2,g2,y2 :outstd_logic );endjiaotongdeng;architecturebehaviorofjiaotongdengis typestate_typeis(s0,s1,s2,s3);——用枚舉類型進(jìn)行狀態(tài)定義 signalcurrent_state,next_state:state_type;——狀態(tài)信號(hào)的定義 signalcounter:std_logic_vector(6downto0);begin synch:process——同步單元 begin waituntilclk'eventandclk='1'; counter<=counter; ifcounter<5then counter<=counter+1; else counter<=(others=>'0'); endif; endprocess; process begin waituntilclk'eventandclk='1'; current_state<=next_state; endprocess; state_trans:process(current_state,k0,k1,k2,k3) ——描述每種狀態(tài)下電路表現(xiàn) begin casecurrent_stateis whens0=> ifk0='0'then next_state<=s0; else ifk1='0'then next_state<=s1; else ifk2='0'then next_state<=s2; else ifk3='0'then next_state<=s3; else ifcounter<1then next_state<=s0; else next_state<=s1; endif; endif; endif; endif; endif; whens1=> ifk0='0'then next_state<=s0; else ifk1='0'then next_state<=s1; else ifk2='0'then next_state<=s2; else ifk3='0'then next_state<=s3; else ifcounter<2then next_state<=s1; else next_state<=s2; endif; endif; endif; endif; endif; whens2=> ifk0='0'then next_state<=s0; else ifk1='0'then next_state<=s1; else ifk2='0'then next_state<=s2; else ifk3='0'then next_state<=s3; else ifcounter<4then next_state<=s2; else next_state<=s3; endif; endif; endif; endif; endif; whens3=> ifk0='0'then next_state<=s0; else ifk1='0'then next_state<=s1; else ifk2='0'then next_state<=s2; else ifk3='0'then next_state<=s3; else ifcounter<5then next_state<=s3; else next_state<=s0; endif; endif; endif; endif; endif; endcase; endprocess;ouput:process(current_state) begin——顯示程序 casecurrent_stateis whens0=> r1<='0'; g1<='1'; y1<='1'; r2<='1'; g2<='0'; y2<='1'; whens1=> r1<='0'; g1<='1'; y1<='1'; r2<='1'; g2<='1'; y2<='0'; whens2=> r1<='1'; g1<='0'; y1<='1'; r2<='0'; g2<='1'; y2<='1'; whens3=> r1<='1'; g1<='1'; y1<='0'; r2<='0'; g2<='1'; y2<='1'; endcase; endprocess; endbehavior;組件二：分頻器實(shí)體devide的程序libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;useieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entitydevideisport(clk:instd_logic;clk_out:outstd_logic);enddevide;architecturearc_devideofdevideissignalcount:std_logic_vector(21downto0);begin process begin waituntilclk'eventandclk='1'; if(count<3999999)then count<=count+1; clk_out<='0'; else count<=(others=>'0'); clk_out<='1'; endif; endprocess; endarchitecturearc_devide;3.實(shí)驗(yàn)連接圖如上圖所示，該交通燈控制系統(tǒng)由兩個(gè)實(shí)體組成。實(shí)體clk為4M的時(shí)鐘分頻器，clk是輸入口，接的是FPGA產(chǎn)生的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)，clk_out是輸出口，輸出分頻后的時(shí)鐘脈沖。主實(shí)體jiaotongdeng則實(shí)現(xiàn)狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換邏輯控制。其k0~k3口是輸入口，為手動(dòng)方式的控制按鈕，r1,r2,g1,g2,y1,y2為六個(gè)輸出，控制六個(gè)發(fā)光二極管的亮滅。六個(gè)發(fā)光二級(jí)管的亮滅代表六個(gè)狀態(tài)機(jī)的狀態(tài)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)交通燈控制的功能。4.時(shí)序波形分析（k0,k1,k2,k3=0）上圖為4個(gè)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的時(shí)序波形?？梢姡╮1,g1,y1,r2,g2,y2）的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換符合011101》011110》101011》110011》011101》……的順序循環(huán)。（k0=0）上圖為k0=0時(shí)的輸出狀態(tài)s0，輸出恒為011101。即亮燈為R1，G2。保持時(shí)間2S。