山東省濟(jì)寧市泗水縣2022-2023學(xué)年高二年級上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

20222023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試高二英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Buyanewdress.BExchangethedressC.Getthedresstailored.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abirthdaycelebration.B.Afancyrestaurant.C.Aholidayplan.3.WhatdidthewomandoforMarylastnight?A.ShefixedMary’scar.B.ShegaveMaryaphonecall.C.SheletMarysleepinherhouse.4.Wheredothespeakersplantogo?A.Thetheater.BTheirmom’sofficeC.Theirgrandma’shouse.5.Whowillbeginthelecturenow?A.Prof.Brookings.B.Dr.Mildens.C.Dr.White.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.WhatdidthewomandoattheMediaCamp?A.Shelearnedposterdesign.B.Shestudiedfilmmaking.C.Shewroteforamagazine.7.Whydidthewomanspendherholidaythere?A.Tovisitherbrother.B.Totrysomethingdifferent.C.Toworkinthemovieindustry.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至10三個(gè)小題。8.WhatdoesthebandofJulia’sfriendneed?A.Asinger.B.Apianist.C.Aguitarplayer.9.Howmanymembersarethereintheman’sband?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.10.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Meetherinthegarage.B.Introducehertohisband.C.Provideaplaceforherpractice.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Alawyer.12.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Oldclassmates.B.Motherandson.C.Sisterandbrother.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydonextmonth?A.Studyinaschool.B.Giveuptheboringtask.C.Workwiththewoman.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theman’sfavoritefood.B.PopularfoodinBelgium.C.Belgianeatinghabits.15.Howlongdidtheman’sChristmasdinnertakelastyear?A.About6hours.B.About5hours.C.About3hours.16.Whatmaypeopletheredoafterabigdinner?ATheyeatasmuchasusual.B.Theytakeexercisetokeepfit.C.Theyeatlessinthefollowingdays.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Whatprizesweregivenlastweek?A.Sportsbags.B.Watches.C.Pens.18.Whenwastheshowbroadcastforthefirsttime?A.Aweekago.B.Amonthago.C.Ayearago.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefootballer?A.HecanspeakFrench.B.Hehasafamouswife.C.Heownsaclub.20.Howwillthelistenerstelltheiranswers?A.Bymakingacall.B.Bywritingaletter.C.Bysendingapostcard.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestBookstoBuyforTeenBoysGettingteenboysinterestedinbookscanbeachallengeforparents.Fortunately,manyyoungadultauthorsarenowwritingteenbooksthatattractguys.◆TheEnemybyCharlieHigsonBuckinghamPalacebeesashelterforkidsescapingfromzombieinfested(僵尸出沒的)London.Inyetanotherbreathtakingstory,readersarecaughtupintheactionandstressofteenstryingtosurviveasahorriblediseasespreadacrossEngland.AuthorHigson,awellknownBritishactorandedian,isalsothewriterofthehighlysuccessfulYoungBondseries.Remendedforages1418.Price:$10◆LeviathanbyScottWesterfeldAwardwinningauthorWesterfeldcreatesanotherrealityofWorldWarIinthisbiologyversustechnologystory.Thetwoteensaresupposedtobeenemies.Agirl,pretendingtobeaBritishairman,andaprincecrosspathsandfindthemselvessailingontheairshipLeviathan.Remendedforages1214.Price:$12◆GonebyMichaelGrantEveryoneoverfifteenisdisappearinginSam’stownandtheonesleftbehindareseekinghelp.Inthisstory,teensmustgettogetherandfindawaytorulethemselveswhilepreparingtofightagainstsupernaturalelements.Teenswillenjoythisstoryofunwillingheroes,petition,andrevenge(復(fù)仇).Remendedforages1418.Price:$10◆TheRuinsofGorlanbyJohnFlanaganReadersarefollowingtheadventuresof15yearoldWillwhofightsagainsthugebeastsandevilwarlords(軍閥)tryingtotakeoverthekingdom.AuthorFlanagancontinuestointeresthisfanswiththislongrunningseriesoftheadventuresofashyteenageboywhobeesahero.Remendedforages1214.Price:$161.WhatcanweknowaboutTheEnemy?A.Ittellsonepletestory.B.ItissetinBuckinghamPalace.C.Itisaboutanationwideescape.D.ItiswrittenbytheauthorofYoungBondseries.2.Whichofthefollowingbooksstressesteamwork?A.Leviathan. B.Gone.C.TheEnemy. D.TheRuinsofGorlan.3.WhatisspecialaboutFlanagan’sseries?A.Theytakeateenboyastheirleadingcharacter.B.Theyaresuitableforreadersabove14yearsold.C.Theyencourageyoungboystoachievetheirdreams.D.Theydescribefightsbetweenhugebeastsandwarlords.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要為孩子們推薦了四本書?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)◆TheEnemybyCharlieHigson中的“AuthorHigson,awellknownBritishactorandedian,isalsothewriterofthehighlysuccessfulYoungBondseries.(作者Higson是一位英國著名的演員和喜劇演員，也是非常成功的作品YoungBondseries的作者)”可知，TheEnemy的作者CharlieHigson，也是作品YoungBondseries的作者。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)◆GonebyMichaelGrant中的“Inthisstory,teensmustgettogetherandfindawaytorulethemselveswhilepreparingtofightagainstsupernaturalelements.(在這個(gè)故事中，孩子們必須團(tuán)結(jié)一起，想出支配他們自己的辦法，準(zhǔn)備去與超自然的元素決斗)”可知，Gone這本書強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)◆TheRuinsofGorlanbyJohnFlanagan中的“AuthorFlanagancontinuestointeresthisfanswiththislongrunningseriesoftheadventuresofashyteenageboywhobeesahero.(作者Flanagan持續(xù)讓他的粉絲感興趣的是：讓一個(gè)害羞的十幾歲的男孩成為冒險(xiǎn)連續(xù)劇的主角)”可知，F(xiàn)lanagan的連續(xù)劇特殊之處就在于：他們讓一個(gè)十幾歲的男孩成為冒險(xiǎn)連續(xù)劇的主角。故選A。BWeallknowthatlittleexcitementfromcreatingapopularpostonFacebook.Watchingthenumberoflikescanbebothattractiveandaddictive.Thatsamebuzz(興奮)canhaveitsdisadvantages,though.Weallknowthefeelingofwatchingotherpeople’spostsgetunendingpositivefeedback.Wetellourselvesthattheonlyreasonwhythesepeoplearegettingattentionisthatthey’repopularandgoodlooking.Wesinkintoselfloathing(自我討厭)andparison.Therefore,afterexperimentingwithhidinglikesonInstagraminselectcountries,Facebookisexploringdoingthesameonitsmainplatform.ThatFacebookisconsideringthisisencouraging.Afteryearsofappearingtoignorecriticismaboutitseffectsonsociety,thepanyfinallyseemstobelistening.However,thereisabasicconflictbetweenFacebook’sbusinessmodelanditsnewfoundaltruism(利己主義).RelyingonFacebooktolookafteritsusers’mentalhealthisabitlikeaskingMcDonald’stokeepitscustomers’bloodpressureundercontrol:Atsomepoint,apany’sneedtomakemoneyisnotinlinewithitssupposeddesiretodogood.Theproblemwithlikesisthattheymarkouthowsuccessfulorhappyothersare,whichinturncanpromoteafeelingofenvyandinsecurity.It’sarealphenomenon.However,Facebookwouldcertainlywantyoutopostthingsthatgetmorelikes.Thepany’ssuccessreliesuponyoupostingmoreandencouragingmore“engagement”fromotherpeoplesothatthevalueofFacebook’stargetedadbusinessincreases.Facebook’srelianceonengagementisdeeprooted,anditdestroysasupposeddesiretopreventtheplatformfromencouragingenvy.Withoutdoubt,hidinglikescanhavesomebenefit,butthewayFacebookisbuiltmeansthatthiswillalwaysbeasmallstepatbest.4.WhydoesFacebooktryhidinglikesonitsmainplatform?A.Tocatchmoreusers’eyes.B.Togetinvolvedinanexperiment.C.Toreduceusers’negativefeelings.D.Toencourageusers’postingpositivethings.5.WhatcanweinferfromtheparisonbetweenFacebookandMcDonald’s?A.Facebookfocusesmoreontheusers’interests.B.Facebookcareslessaboutusers’mentalhealth.C.Facebookmakesalotofmoneyfromtheusers.D.FacebookdoesbetterthanMcDonald’sinservice.6.Whatdoesmore“engagement”meantoFacebookaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Thegrowthofvalue. B.Moreusers’needs.C.Theincreasesofdesire. D.Moreusers’security.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsFacebook’shidinglikes?A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Objective. D.Indifferent【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者在文中對Facebook在其平臺上“隱藏點(diǎn)贊”這一行為進(jìn)行了客觀的分析和評價(jià)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Wesinkintoselfloathing(自我討厭)andparison.Therefore,afterexperimentingwithhidinglikesonInstagraminselectcountries,Facebookisexploringdoingthesameonitsmainplatform.(我們陷入自我厭惡和比較。因此，在選定的國家嘗試在Instagram上隱藏點(diǎn)贊后，F(xiàn)acebook正在探索在其主要平臺上做同樣的事情。)”可知，點(diǎn)贊會讓我們陷入自我厭惡和攀比之中。因此，在某些國家試驗(yàn)了在Instagram上隱藏“喜歡（點(diǎn)贊）”之后，F(xiàn)acebook正在探索在其主要平臺上做同樣的事情。由此可知，F(xiàn)acebook試圖在其主要平臺上隱藏“點(diǎn)贊”，是為了減少用戶的消極感覺。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“RelyingonFacebooktolookafteritsusers’mentalhealthisabitlikeaskingMcDonald’stokeepitscustomers’bloodpressureundercontrol:Atsomepoint,apany’sneedtomakemoneyisnotinlinewithitssupposeddesiretodogood.(依靠Facebook來照顧用戶的心理健康，有點(diǎn)像要求麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald’s)控制客戶的血壓:在某種程度上，一家公司的賺錢需求與它所謂的行善愿望并不一致。)”可知，此處用“要求Facebook照顧用戶心理健康和麥當(dāng)勞控制客戶血壓”的對比中可以推斷出，F(xiàn)acebook不太關(guān)心用戶的心理健康。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thepany’ssuccessreliesuponyoupostingmoreandencouragingmore“engagement”fromotherpeoplesothatthevalueofFacebook’stargetedadbusinessincrease.(該公司的成功依賴于你發(fā)布更多的帖子，并鼓勵(lì)其他人更多的“engagement”，這樣Facebook的目標(biāo)廣告業(yè)務(wù)的價(jià)值就會增加。)”可知，由此可推知，engagement指的是用戶的“參與”，越多的參與，F(xiàn)acebook的業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值就越高，所以更多用戶的engagement，對于Facebook來說意味著商業(yè)價(jià)值的增加。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Withoutadoubt,hidinglikescanhavesomebenefit,butthewayFacebookisbuiltmeansthatthiswillalwaysbeasmallstepatbest.(毫無疑問，隱藏“贊”會有一些好處，但Facebook的構(gòu)建方式意味著這充其量只是一小步)”可知，作者對Facebook的行為給與了肯定，但是又根據(jù)其構(gòu)建方式來評論其行為只是一小步。由此可推知，作者的觀點(diǎn)非?？陀^。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)：A.Critical批評的；B.Positive.積極的；C.Objective.客觀的；D.Indifferent.中立的。故選C項(xiàng)。CForhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,betterdesignedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelplessentheeffectsofawarmerworld.Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.InapaperpublishedinTrendsinEcology&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aprofessorinAustralia,showsthatisalreadyhappening.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstance,beaksizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.Similartrendsareseeninspeciesofmiceandbatsgrowingbiggerears,tails,legsandwings.Allthatfitsnicelywithevolutionarytheory.“Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarmbloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendagesthanthoseinmildareas.Suchadaptationsboostananimal’ssurfacearearelativetoitsbodyvolume,helpingittoshedextraheat.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharadesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especiallyparedwiththeirArcticcousins.Ryding’steambineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Nowthattheyhavelittleinmonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostreasonableexplanation.Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationeswithtradeoffs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.Honestly,studyingabroaderrangeofanimalswillhelpfirmupexactlywhatishappening.Fornow,atleast,theincreaseissmall,nevermuchmorethan10%.Thatmaychangeaswarmingaccelerates.Butitseemsclearthattheworldofthefutureisnotjustgoingtobehotterthanhumansareusedto.Theanimalslivinginitwilllookdifferent,too.8.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningAustralianparrotinParagraph1?A.Climatechangeisaffectinganimals.B.Scientistsaredoingresearchonanimals.C.Humanscanadapttoclimatechangemoreeasily.D.Animalsareadaptingtowarmerclimateintheirownways.9.Whatisthebenefitofhavingbiggerbodypartsaccordingtothepassage?A.Gettingridofadditionalheat.B.Beinglargerandstronger.C.Enlarginganimals’surfacearea.D.Beingmoresensitivetotheenvironment.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthechangeinanimalsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itesatanexpense. B.Itscauseisdefinite.C.Ithappensinthesamehabitat. D.Itsprocesswillendsoon.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LivingonaWarmingPlanet B.EvolutiontoSurviveHeatC.PioneeringResearchonAnimals D.MeasurestoFightagainstHeat【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了全球變暖的影響可以在動(dòng)物身上看到，數(shù)百種物種顯示出適應(yīng)氣候變暖的跡象。文章具體敘述了氣候變化與進(jìn)化的聯(lián)系?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.InapaperpublishedinTrendsinEcology&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aprofessorinAustralia,showsthatisalreadyhappening.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstance,beaksizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.（動(dòng)物將不得不依靠改變它們身體或行為。在發(fā)表于《生態(tài)學(xué)趨勢》雜志的一篇論文中由澳大利亞教授薩拉·萊丁領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的進(jìn)化小組表明，這已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。例如，自1871年以來，一些種類的澳大利亞鸚鵡的喙的大小增加了4%到10%）”可知，作者在第一段中提到澳洲鸚鵡想告訴我們動(dòng)物正在以自己的方式適應(yīng)更溫暖的氣候。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Allthatfitsnicelywithevolutionarytheory.“Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarmbloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendagesthanthoseinmildareas.Suchadaptationsboostananimal’ssurfacearearelativetoitsbodyvolume,helpingittoshedextraheat.（所有這些都很好地符合進(jìn)化論。以喬·艾倫的名字命名的艾倫法則認(rèn)為，生活在炎熱地區(qū)的溫血?jiǎng)游锏母街壬钤跍睾偷貐^(qū)的溫血?jiǎng)游锏母街?。這樣的適應(yīng)性提高了動(dòng)物的體表面積相對于身體體積的比例，幫助它排出多余的熱量）”可知，擁有更大的身體部位的好處是可以排除額外的熱量。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationeswithtradeoffs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.(由于任何進(jìn)化適應(yīng)都會帶來權(quán)衡，因此尚不清楚這一過程會走多遠(yuǎn)。例如，較大喙可能會妨礙進(jìn)食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量才能成長)”可知，動(dòng)物的變化是有代價(jià)的。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehavior.(動(dòng)物將不得不依靠改變自己的身體或行為)”以及全文大意，本文主要講述了全球變暖的影響可以在動(dòng)物身上看到，數(shù)百種物種顯示出適應(yīng)氣候變暖的跡象。文章具體敘述了氣候變化與進(jìn)化的聯(lián)系。B項(xiàng)：EvolutiontoSurviveHeat（在高溫下生存的進(jìn)化）符合題意。故選B。DDoeshappinesshaveascent?Whensomeoneishappy,canyousmellit?Youcanusuallytellwhensomeoneishappybasedonseeingthemsmile,heatingthemlaughorperhapsfromreceivingabighug.Butcanyoualsosmelltheirhappiness?Surprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascent,andthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbetransmittedthroughsmell,reports.Forthestudy,12youngmenwereshownvideosmeanttobringaboutavarietyofemotionswhileresearchersgatheredsweatsamplesfromthem.Allofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokers,andallwereaskedtoabstainfromdrinkingoreatingsmellyfoodsduringthestudyperiod.Thosesweatsampleswerethengivento36equallyhealthyyoungwomentosmell,whileresearchersmonitoredtheirreactions.Onlywomenwereselectedtosmellthesamples,apparentlybecausepreviousresearchhasshownthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotionalsignaling—thoughit'sunclearwhyonlymenwerechosentoproducethescents.Researchersfoundthatthebehaviorofthewomenaftersmellingthescentsparticularlytheirfacialexpressionsindicatedarelationshipbetweentheemotionalstatesofthemenwhoproducedthesweatandthewomenwhosniffedthem."Humansweatproducedwhenapersonishappybringsaboutastatesimilartohappinessinsomebodywhobreathesthissmell,"saidstudycoauthorGunSemin,aprofessoratKocUniversityinTurkey.Thisisafascinatingfindingbecauseitnotonlymeansthathappinessdoeshaveascent,butthatthescentiscapableoftransmittingtheemotiontoothers.Thestudyalsofoundthatotheremotions,suchasfear,seemtocarryascenttoo.Thisensurespreviousresearchsuggestingthatsomenegativeemotionshaveasmell,butitisthefirsttimethishasprovedtobetrueofpositivefeelings.Researchershaveyettoisolate(分離)exactlywhatthechemicalpoundforthehappinesssmellis,butyoumightimaginewhatthepotentialapplicationsforsuchafindingcouldbe.Happinessperfumes,forinstance,couldbeinvented.Scenttherapies(香味療法)couldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety.Perhapsthemostsurprisingresultofthestudy,however,isourbroadenedunderstandingofhowemotionsgetmunicated,andalsohowourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus.12.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewresearch?A.Menproducemoresweats.B.Negativeemotionshaveasmell.C.Pleasantfeelingscanbesmeltout.D.Womenhaveabettersenseofsmell.13.Theunderlinedpart"abstainfrom"inParagraph3probablymeans_______.A.avoid B.practiceC.continue D.try14.Whatistheapplicationvalueofthenewresearch?A.Perfumescouldhelppeopleunderstandeachother.B.Somesmellscouldbedevelopedtobetterourmood.C.Perfumescouldbeproducedtocurephysicaldiseases.D.Somesmellscouldbecreatedtoimproveourappearance.15.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat_______.A.happinessesfromascentofsweatB.positiveenergycandeepenunderstandingC.peopleneedmoreemotionalmunicationD.socialsurroundingscaninfluenceouremotions【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂是能被聞出來的。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Surprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascent,andthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbetransmittedthroughsmell,reportsP.（據(jù)網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，令人驚訝的新研究表明，快樂確實(shí)有一種氣味，而且快樂的體驗(yàn)可以通過氣味傳播。）”可知，令人驚訝的新研究表明，幸福確實(shí)有一種氣味，幸福的體驗(yàn)可以通過氣味來傳遞，報(bào)告說網(wǎng)站。所以研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)是愉快的感覺能夠被聞出來。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Allofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokers（所有的人都很健康，沒有人吸毒或吸煙）”可知，所有的男性都很健康，沒有一個(gè)是吸毒者或吸煙者。當(dāng)時(shí)研究者是需要參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的人員不能喝酒和吃味道大的食物以免影響了研究的結(jié)果。所以劃線詞的意思是“避免”的意思。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第八段中的“Happinessperfumes，forinstance，couldbeinvented.Scenttherapiescouldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety（例如，幸福香水是可以發(fā)明的。氣味療法也可以用來幫助人們克服抑郁或焦慮）”可知，比如，可以發(fā)明幸福香水。氣味療法也可以用來幫助人們克服抑郁或焦慮。所以這個(gè)研究可以應(yīng)用到香水的使用方面，所以新研究的應(yīng)用價(jià)值是香水可以用來治療身體疾病。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)對文章最后一段中“ourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus（我們自己的情緒可能是通過我們的社會環(huán)境和周圍人的情緒狀態(tài)來管理的）”我們自己的情緒是如何通過我們的社會環(huán)境和周圍人的情緒狀態(tài)來管理的。可推斷社會的環(huán)境會影響到我們個(gè)人的情緒，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，共分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HealthySee,HealthyDoVisitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablyehomewithafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays(擺放)alsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.___16___Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthattheproductsmostmonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.___17___A2012studyintheNetherlandsfoundthathospitalworkersweremorelikelytogiveupjunkfoodforhealthysnackswhenthelatterweremorereadilyavailableoncanteenshelves,forexample.In2014NorwegianandIcelandicresearchersalsofoundthatreplacingunhealthyfoodswithhealthyonesinthecheckoutareasignificantlyincreasedlastminutesalesofhealthierfoods.___18___Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromotenutritiousfoods.“Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues(暗示)meanttoencourageconsumption,”saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthoseproducts.”Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity’scrowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy.___19___Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthreehourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.___20___ThefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior.Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswouldopencustomers’eyestonutritious,lowercaloriefoods.HealthdepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpandhealthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.A.Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.B.Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.C.Anditmaymakeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits.D.Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lowercaloriefoods.E.ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.F.Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.G.Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.【答案】16.C17.G18.E19.F20.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章用幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)向我們證明了商店里商品的擺放位置，特別是結(jié)賬處附近的商品擺放會影響我們購物的選擇。所以健康部門和專家都呼吁將健康食品放在這些地方，提高大家對健康食品的關(guān)注度。【16題詳解】空格位于首段最后一句?？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椋旱陜?nèi)商品的擺放位置也會影響購物的選擇。選項(xiàng)C中的it與上句話中的“Thelocation”可形成指代關(guān)系，并且“makeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits”與文章主題（HealthySee,HealthyDo看到的健康的，買的就是健康的）呼應(yīng)。故選C?！?7題詳解】空格位于段中?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋航Y(jié)賬處擺放的商品經(jīng)常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的兩個(gè)舉例都是強(qiáng)調(diào)如果購物者看到的經(jīng)常是健康食品的話，他們會更多的選擇健康食品。由此可推知，空格處應(yīng)該是強(qiáng)調(diào)換一下擺放在結(jié)賬處的食品的重要性。選項(xiàng)G中的“simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior（簡單地將垃圾食品換成健康一點(diǎn)的食品能改變顧客的購物行為）”與這一語境呼應(yīng)，起到承上啟下的作用。故選G。【18題詳解】空格位于段首。由本段中的“aresearchscientistatthedepartment”可知，前邊應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)過department，選項(xiàng)E中的“DepartmentofHealth”與之呼應(yīng)。故選E?！?9題詳解】空格位于段中。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第四段和第五段主要講述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗(yàn)。空格前句意為：為了證明把健康食品放在收銀處，是不是影響擁擠的市區(qū)內(nèi)的顧客的購買行為，他們選擇了三家超市。空格后句意為：他們連續(xù)三周每天分六次每次三小時(shí)記錄購買情況?？梢酝浦?，中間一句話應(yīng)該是實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)置方式。選項(xiàng)F中的“Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter（他們把收銀處附近的糖和餅干換成了水果和堅(jiān)果）”與這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的目的一致。故選F?！?0題詳解】空格位于段中。這一段講述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。由空格后的thesefindings可知，前邊至少有兩項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)。空格前句意為：在那些在收銀處買了東西的人當(dāng)中，站在健康食品隊(duì)列的人比站在不健康食品隊(duì)列的人買了多于兩倍的東西。這是一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)B中的“Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.（他們買不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”與上一句句式接近，并且表達(dá)的是與上一句意思一致的一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，又與下句中的“thesefindings”呼應(yīng)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】七選五題目主要考查學(xué)生綜合的英語邏輯思維能力。一篇好的短文，不僅在內(nèi)容上要前后一致，而且還要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，上下文邏輯意義嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。內(nèi)容的前后一致體現(xiàn)在段內(nèi)及語篇內(nèi)話題的自然過渡。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)為：文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，還是按時(shí)間或空間順序發(fā)展的，還是辯證三段論的編排的。邏輯意義的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)最主要的可以通過代詞、連詞和副詞等形式來體現(xiàn)。例如本文中的第一題、第四題要分別借助于篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和段落結(jié)構(gòu)解題。第二題依據(jù)段落內(nèi)空格前后語義之間的關(guān)系解題，第三題和第五題依據(jù)詞匯呼應(yīng)解題。這篇七選五是比較難的題目，大家要著重分析文章和段落的結(jié)構(gòu)。具體解題過程看詳解。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Nevercriticizesomeoneuntilyouhavewalkedinamileintheirshoes.Duringthepast25years,I’veoftenfoundthatthesayinghashelpedmesee____21____fromadifferentview.OnceIwasonmywaytoapartywithseveral____22____.Aswewereleavingtheoffice,wemetanotherone,Wendy,whohad____23____plannedtoattendtheevent.Weaskedhertogotogether,butshe____24____ourinvitationrudely.Theotherswerequiteannoyedandclearly____25____withWendy’sbehavior.____26____howtiredWendyappeared,Imentedthatperhapsweshouldpardonher.Shewasobviouslyhavinga____27____day,anditwasn’tworthholdingagrudge(惡意)againstherifweweren’t____28____ofwhatledtoherunusualbehavior.Aweeklater,I____29____thatWendyhadaseriousillness.Wendywasn’tbeingrudetous_____30_____.Whetherit’safamilymemberwholetme_____31_____,afriendwhodoesn’tkeephis_____32_____,oradifficultworkmate,thesaying_____33_____me.Althoughit’snotalwayseasyto_____34_____,I’vebeenabletogetridofalotof_____35_____overtheyearsbyfocusingonit.21.A.faults B.situations C.plaints D.evidences22.A.customers B.fellows C.neighbors D.relatives23.A.just B.seldom C.previously D.quickly24.A.refused B.accepted C.suspected D.ignored25.A.angry B.strict C.worried D.pleased26.A.Respondingto B.Reflectingon C.Apartfrom D.Intermsof27.A.busy B.lucky C.good D.bad28.A.afraid B.aware C.proud D.fond29.A.learned B.realized C.determined D.concluded30.A.byaccident B.onduty C.onpurpose D.inreturn31.A.out B.in C.down D.off32.A.judgment B.dignity C.balance D.promise33.A.honors B.disturbs C.guides D.forts34.A.persuade B.achieve C.forgive D.calculate35.A.habits B.danger C.ideas D.annoyance【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.C31.C32.D33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者受到一句話的指導(dǎo)，在面對生活中令人不快、煩悶的情況時(shí)，懂得換位思考，從而避免了很多不必要的負(fù)面情緒?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)貼在冰箱上的話會幫助我以不同的視角觀察形勢。A.faults錯(cuò)誤；B.situations形勢；C.plaints抱怨；D.evidence證據(jù)。根據(jù)下文“Theotherswerequiteannoyedandclearly_5___withWendy’sbehaviour.”和“Shewasobviouslyhavinga____7____day,anditwasn’tworthholdingagrudge(惡意)againstherifweweren’t__8__ofwhatledtoherunusualbehaviour.”可知，作者的確不同于其他人對待令人生氣的事情的態(tài)度，懂得換位思考，換個(gè)角度考慮問題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我正要和幾個(gè)同事一起去參加派對。A.customers顧客；B.fellows同事；C.neighbors鄰居；D.relatives親戚。根據(jù)后文“Aswewereleavingtheoffice,wemetanotherone,”可知，與作者同行的是她的同事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：溫蒂之前還打算參加這次活動(dòng)。A.just剛剛；B.seldom很少；C.previously之前；D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)后文“Weaskedhertogotogether,”可知，溫蒂在與作者相遇之前，應(yīng)當(dāng)原本是打算一道去參加活動(dòng)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們讓她和我們一起走，但是她粗暴地拒絕了我們的邀請。A.refused拒絕；B.accepted接受；C.suspected懷疑；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)空前“Weaskedhertogotogeher,but...”可知，原本我們是約好一起去派對的，可令我們意想不到的是，溫蒂卻臨時(shí)變卦，且態(tài)度粗暴地回應(yīng)我們。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：其他同事非常惱火，對她的行為感到很氣憤。A.angry生的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.worried擔(dān)憂的；D.pleased高興的。根據(jù)前文“Theotherswerequiteannoyed”可知，溫蒂如此粗暴的態(tài)度，我的幾位同事應(yīng)該感到生氣。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我回想起溫蒂當(dāng)時(shí)很疲憊，所以我說也許我們應(yīng)當(dāng)原諒她。A.Resondingto回應(yīng)；B.Reflectingon回想；C.Apartfrom除了；D.Intermsof就……而言。根據(jù)后文“Imentedthatperhapsweshouldforgiveher.”可知，作者此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是與溫蒂分開之后，回想起她當(dāng)時(shí)的精神狀態(tài)，試著理解她如此反常的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯她今天過得很糟糕。A.busy忙碌的；B.lucky幸運(yùn)的；C.good好的；D.bad壞的。根據(jù)前文“Imentedthatperhapsweshouldforgiveher.”可知，作者此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是換位思考，猜想溫蒂應(yīng)當(dāng)是工作累了一天，因此導(dǎo)致她發(fā)脾氣，認(rèn)為她的行為是事出有因。故選D項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們沒有意識到她的反常行為的原因，就不值得對她心懷不滿。A.afraid害怕的；B.aware意識到的；C.proud驕傲的；D.fond喜愛的。根據(jù)下文“Aweeklater,I__9__thatWendyhadaseriousillness.”可知，作者認(rèn)為不明白溫蒂反常行為背后的原因，只是心中憤懣是沒有意義的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一周之后，我得知溫蒂患了嚴(yán)重的疾病。A.learned得知；B.realized意識到；C.determined決心；D.concluded下結(jié)論。根據(jù)后文“Wendyhadaseriousillness.”可知，作者得知了溫蒂生病的消息，終于明白了她上次行為反常的原因了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：溫蒂并非故意對我們態(tài)度粗魯。A.byaccident意外地；B.on