以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)工作機(jī)制

以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)工作機(jī)制MAC

地址表Mac地址端口號(hào)學(xué)習(xí)邏輯 過(guò)慮/轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)邏輯 學(xué)習(xí)邏輯接口 接口交換機(jī)用ASIC處理數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)–ASIC（ApplicationSpecific

IntegratedCircuit）體系結(jié)構(gòu)（I）硬件結(jié)構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)接口、主板、主處理器、內(nèi)存、FLASH、電源系統(tǒng)等軟件結(jié)構(gòu)BootRom引導(dǎo)、初始化程序VRP操作系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)性能指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)特性

可擴(kuò)展接口模塊種類、網(wǎng)線類型、輸入電壓、功耗、工作環(huán)境等業(yè)務(wù)特性

二層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)能力、交換模式、VLAN、組播技術(shù)、生成樹(shù)協(xié)議、端口匯聚、MAC地址表、服務(wù)質(zhì)量（QoS〕等Quidway

S系列以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)S6506S8016

S5516 S3016/3026S3526/3516S3526FS2403HS2026CoreRoutingMuluti-layer

SwitchEnterpriseGigabitRouting

SwitchWorkgroup

SwitchDesktop

SwitchDSL

SwitchS3026VMA5300

VNortel

450-24T交換機(jī)24口10/100M第2層以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)，帶一個(gè)擴(kuò)展插槽，一個(gè)堆疊模塊2.5Gbps交換矩陣和專用的交換ASIC芯片支持在峰值達(dá)到3Mpps時(shí)，貫穿所有端口的幀轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)和過(guò)濾能力。BayStack450交換機(jī)內(nèi)建冗余的堆疊模塊可使高達(dá)八個(gè)單元的堆疊具備自愈能力。當(dāng)堆疊中的某個(gè)交換機(jī)發(fā)生故障時(shí)，其他所有的單元仍能在不中斷的情況下，繼續(xù)正常工作。簡(jiǎn)單易用的圖形管理：北電免費(fèi)可得的設(shè)備管理軟件能對(duì)其輕松配置和管理。性能BayStack

450-24T交換機(jī)每單元最多10/100端口數(shù)28每個(gè)堆棧最多端口數(shù)224幀傳輸通過(guò)量300萬(wàn)pps安全可靠的可堆疊性有交換機(jī)底板速率2.5Gbps可擴(kuò)展的底板帶寬2.5Gbps802.1p優(yōu)先級(jí)排隊(duì)有801.1Q

VLAN群集有VLAN支持有MAC地址16000千兆位以太網(wǎng)與ATM支持有性能指標(biāo)（cont.）性能規(guī)范(65字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)包)總吞吐量(BayStack

450交換機(jī))3,000,000pps總吞吐量(BayStack

410-24T交換機(jī))1,000,000pps10

Mbps交換端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速率14,880

pps100

Mbps交換端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速率148,810

pps1000

Mbps交換端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速率1,488,100

pps延遲100

Mbps時(shí)最短的數(shù)據(jù)包為9ms訂購(gòu)編號(hào)說(shuō)明AL2012F14Baystack450-24T

交換機(jī)24個(gè)10Base-T/100Base-TX端口，加上一個(gè)MDA槽和一個(gè)級(jí)聯(lián)槽AL2033002BayStack400-2FX

2端口100Base-FXMDAAL2033003BayStack400-4FX

4端口100Base-FXMDAAL2033004BayStack400-4TX

4端口10/100Base-TXMDAAL2033005BayStack450-1SX

1-Port

1000Base-SX單個(gè)PHY

MDA(僅用于BayStack450交換機(jī)）AL2033006BayStack450-1SR

1-Port

1000Base-SX冗余PHY

MDA

包括linksafe(僅用于BayStack450交換機(jī)）AL2033007BayStack450-1LX

1-Port

1000Base-LX單個(gè)PHY

MDA(僅用于BayStack450交換機(jī)）AL2033008BayStack450-1SR

1-Port

1000Base-LX冗余PHY

MDA

包括linksafe(僅用于BayStack450交換機(jī)）AL2033010BayStack400-ST1堆疊模塊，2.5Gbps(包括堆疊電纜）AL2018001BayStack400-SRC堆疊返回電纜NORTEL

450交換機(jī)的模塊NORTEL

350-24T交換機(jī)24個(gè)自感應(yīng)10/100Base-TX端口（全雙工或半雙工）上行鏈路包括千兆以太網(wǎng)、光纖模塊快速以太網(wǎng)以及四個(gè)額外的10/100自感應(yīng)以太網(wǎng)端口(最多由四個(gè)上行鏈路端口的多鏈路中繼)。NORTEL

350-24T交換機(jī)采用2.5

Gbps交換結(jié)構(gòu)以及所有端口上最快每秒300萬(wàn)個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包的全幀轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)與過(guò)濾。每個(gè)交換機(jī)端口上基于端口或策略的VLAN，并具備802.1Q

VLAN中繼及802.10p優(yōu)先級(jí)排隊(duì)功能。支持Optivity網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理軟件、SNMP及RMON

監(jiān)視與控制以及帶有易于使用的圖形用戶界面（GUI）的設(shè)備管理器軟件。參數(shù)NortelNetworkBayStack

350-24T每臺(tái)10/100最多端口數(shù)28信幀轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速率3Mbps交換機(jī)底板速率2.5Gbps802.1p優(yōu)先級(jí)排隊(duì)有801.1Q

VLAN群信有VLAN支持有MAC地址16,000千兆位以太網(wǎng)與有NORTEL

350-24T交換機(jī)性能指標(biāo)SelectionIssues:Needfor10Mbps,100Mbps,or1000Mbps

onmediaNeedfortrunkingandinter-switch

linksWorkgroupsegmentation

(VLANs)Portdensity

needsDifferentuser

interfacesDesktop/WorkgroupSolutionsWiringCloset/BackboneSolutionsSwitch

10/100Catalyst3000

seriesCatalyst

2900series

XLCatalyst1900/2820seriesCisco1548

MicroCatalyst4000

seriesCatalyst5000

seriesCatalyst8500

seriesCisco

Catalyst系列交換機(jī)IPaddress:

CDP:EnabledSwitchingmode:fragment

free100baseTport:Auto-negotiateduplex

mode10baseTport:Half

duplexSpanningTree:EnabledConsolepassword:noneCatalyst

1900

缺省配置Cat1912Cat192410baseT

portse0/1to

e0/12e0/1to

e0/24AUI

porte0/25e0/25100baseTuplink

portsfa0/26(port

A)fa0/27(port

B)fa0/26(port

A)fa0/27(port

B)PortsontheCatalyst

1900wg_sw_d#shrunBuildingconfiguration...Current

configuration:!!interfaceEthernet

0/1!interfaceEthernet

0/2wg_sw_d#shspanPortEthernet0/1ofVLAN1isForwardingPortpathcost100,Portpriority

128roothaspriority32768,address

0090.8673.3340DesignatedDesignatedDesignatedbridgehaspriority32768,portisEthernet0/1,

pathTimers:messageage20,forward

delayaddress

0090.8673.3340cost

015,hold1wg_sw_a#show

vlan-membershipPort VLAN Membership

Type Port VLAN Membership

Type------------------------------------------------------------------15Static131Static21Static141Static31Static151StaticPortsontheCatalyst

1900交換機(jī)的不同類型端口AUI

connectorsare

DB15ISO8877(RJ-45)connectorsandjacksareslightlylarger

thanRJ-11phoneconnectorsand

jacksFiberConnector

Port端口速率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)快速以太網(wǎng)千兆以太網(wǎng)100Mbit/s1000Mbit/s10Mbit/s標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)（auto）快速以太網(wǎng)（auto）千兆以太網(wǎng)（auto）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)（auto）10M10M10M快速以太網(wǎng)（auto）10M100M100M千兆以太網(wǎng)（auto）10M100M1000M端口速率端口速率協(xié)商結(jié)果一覽表端口工作模式Full：表示端口工作在全雙工模式Auto：表示端口工作在自協(xié)商模式Half：表示端口工作在半雙工模式端口類型：MDI/MDI-XMDI介質(zhì)相關(guān)接口.MDI-X介質(zhì)非相關(guān)接口;華為交換機(jī)可以智能識(shí)別MDI/MDIX接口;路由器和PC都屬于MDI接口;以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)提供都是MDI-X接口.Receive

PairTransmit

PairTransmit

PairReceive

PairTransmit

PairReceive

PairTransmit

PairReceive

Pair交叉網(wǎng)線直連網(wǎng)線端口流量控制半雙工全雙工后退壓力技術(shù)PAUSE數(shù)據(jù)幀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)快速以太網(wǎng)千兆以太網(wǎng)擁塞優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、便于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的擴(kuò)展，使用方便2、技術(shù)成熟，性能穩(wěn)定3、兼容性強(qiáng)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一缺點(diǎn)：1、會(huì)增加信號(hào)的延遲2、建議不超過(guò)4層交換機(jī)的級(jí)連菊花鏈?zhǔn)蕉询B星型堆疊交換機(jī)的兩種堆疊方式菊花鏈?zhǔn)蕉询B收

發(fā)同一個(gè)高速端口PCAPCBB訪問(wèn)A的幀A訪問(wèn)B的幀優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、便于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的擴(kuò)展，使用方便2、實(shí)現(xiàn)鏈路冗余3、支持單一IP地址，統(tǒng)一網(wǎng)管缺點(diǎn)：1、主干部分負(fù)載較重2、要求交換機(jī)距離很近3、采用專用的堆疊電纜（cont.）星形堆疊MATRIXMEMBER星型堆疊優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、性能比菊花鏈路高2、支持單一IP地址，統(tǒng)一網(wǎng)管缺點(diǎn)：1、需要交換機(jī)提供Matrix接口2、要求交換機(jī)距離很近，距離不超過(guò)2米3、采用專用的堆疊電纜，成本稍偏高（cont.）Configurationscancomefrommany

sourcesConfigurationswillact

indevicememoryConsole

portAuxiliary

portInterfacesPCorUnix

serverWebor

NetworkManagementserverVirtual

terminal交換機(jī)配置方法TelnetTFTP交換機(jī)配置方式（I）確認(rèn)PC機(jī)的串口可用確認(rèn)配置線連接正確進(jìn)入終端仿真程序打開(kāi)交換機(jī)的電源進(jìn)入配置界面程序附件通訊超級(jí)終端通過(guò)Console配置進(jìn)入設(shè)置界面交換機(jī)配置方式（II）通過(guò)TELNET配置華為交換機(jī)配置視圖用戶視圖系統(tǒng)視圖以太網(wǎng)端口視圖VLAN視圖VLAN接口視圖……用戶視圖<Quidway>?Userview

commands:bootcdclockclustercopydebuggingdeleteSetboot

optionChangethecurrentpathSpecifythesystemclockRunclustercommandCopythe

fileEnablesystemdebuggingfunctionsDeletethe

file系統(tǒng)視圖[Quidway]super

password修改特權(quán)用戶密碼[Quidway]sysname交換機(jī)命名[Quidway]interfaceethernet0/1進(jìn)入接口視圖[Quidway]quit退出系統(tǒng)視圖[Quidway]info-centerconsolechannelconsole信息輸出設(shè)置[Quidway]monitor-portethernet

0/1配置流量鏡像[Quidway]?接口配置視圖下常用命令行[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]duplex{half|full|

auto}配置端口雙工工作狀態(tài)[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]speed{10|100|

auto}配置端口工作速率[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]flow-control配置端口流控[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]mdi{across|auto|normal}配置端口MDI/MDIX狀態(tài)[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]shutdown/undoshutdown關(guān)閉/重起接口[Quidway-Ethernet0/1]?在線幫助命令行接口提供完全幫助和部分幫助兩種形式:<Quidway>

?<Quidway>ping

?[Quidway]garptimerleaveall?<Quidway>p?<Quidway>display

ver?命令行錯(cuò)誤信息[Quidway]

dispaly^%Unrecognizedcommandfoundat'^'

position.[Quidway]

display^%Incompletecommandfoundat'^'

position.[Quidway]displayinterfaceserial0

0^%Wrongparameterfoundat'^'

position.歷史命令[Quidway]display history-commandsystemInts

0Ipadd

Quit<ctrl><p>或↑<ctrl><N>或↓上一條歷史命令下一條歷史命令命令行接口為每個(gè)用戶缺省保存10條歷史命令編輯特性光標(biāo)向左移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置光標(biāo)向右移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置顯示歷史命令系統(tǒng)用完整的關(guān)鍵字替代原輸普通按鍵 輸入字符到當(dāng)前光標(biāo)位置退格鍵BackSpace 刪除光標(biāo)位置的前一個(gè)字符左光標(biāo)鍵←右光標(biāo)鍵→上下光標(biāo)鍵↑↓Tab鍵入并換行顯示顯示特性Language-mode中英文顯示方式切換暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入'Ctrl+c'停止顯示和命令執(zhí)行暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入空格鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一屏信息暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入回車(chē)鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一行信息端口鏡像鏡像分為兩種：端口鏡像和流鏡像。

端口鏡像是指將某些指定端口（出或入方向）的數(shù)據(jù)流

量映射到監(jiān)控端口，以便集中使用數(shù)據(jù)捕獲軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。

流鏡像是指按照一定的數(shù)據(jù)流分類規(guī)則對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分流，然后將屬于指定流的所有數(shù)據(jù)映射到監(jiān)控端口，以便進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析端口鏡像的配置指定和清除端口鏡像[undo]monitor-port{interface_typeinterface_num|interface_name}指定和清除被端口鏡像

[undo]portmirror{interface_typeinterface_num|interface_name}[to{interface_typeinterface_num|interface_name}]配置和清除鏡像端口和被鏡像端口[undo]portmirrorinterface_list1

observing-port{interface_typeinterface_num|interface_name

}Findandcheckdevice

hardwareFindandloadCiscoIOSsoftware

imageFindandapplydevice

configurationsCisco交換機(jī)啟動(dòng)-OverviewSystemstartuproutinesinitiateswitch

softwareInitialstartupusesdefaultconfiguration

parametersBeforeyoustarttheswitch,verifythecablingandconsoleconnectionAttachthepowercableplugtotheswitchpowersupply

socketObservetheboot

sequenceLEDsontheswitch

chassisCiscoIOSsoftwareoutput

textCatalyst

交換機(jī)初始化檢查交換機(jī)LED

指示燈交換機(jī)POST過(guò)程中的指示燈Atthestart,allportLEDsare

green.EachLEDturnsoffafteritstest

completes.Ifatestfails,itsLEDturns

amber.SystemLEDturnsamberifanytest

fails.Ifnotestfails,POST

completes.OnPOSTcompletion,LEDsblinkthenturn

off.Configuringthe

SwitchCatalyst

1900Menudriven

interfaceWeb-basedVSM(VisualSwitchManager)IOS

CLI(command-lineinterface)–

使用命令行界面–

在控制臺(tái)命令模式中鍵入或粘貼輸入項(xiàng)回車(chē)后

命令設(shè)備解析和執(zhí)行命令兩種主要的執(zhí)行模式（

EXEC

）：

用戶模式、特權(quán)模式CiscoIOSIOS

用戶界面用戶模式對(duì)路由器狀態(tài)進(jìn)行有限的檢查，遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)CommandPromptis

hostname>TherearetwomainEXECmodesforenteringcommands.First

mode:EXEC

modes特權(quán)用戶模式詳細(xì)地檢查、調(diào)試和測(cè)試路由器文件操作及遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)Commandpromptsonthe

devicehostname#Secondmode(andmostcommonly

used):EXECmodes

（cont.）Initial

BootupConsoleconnectionCatalyst1900Management

ConsoleCopyright

(c)

Cisco

Systems,

Inc. 1993-1998Allrights

reserved.EnterpriseEdition

SoftwareEthernet

Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0PCA

Number: 73-3121-01PCA

Serial

Number: FAA0252A0QXModel

Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem

Serial

Number: FAA0304S0U3Power

Supply

S/N: PHI025101F3-------------------------------------------------1user(s)nowactiveonManagement

Console.UserInterface

Menu[M]

Menus[K]Command

Line[I]IP

ConfigurationEnter

Selection:ConsoleLoggingintotheSwitchandEnteringtheEnable

Password>>

enableEnter

password:

##

disableUsermode

promptUsermode

promptPrivilegedmode

promptPrivilegedmode

promptContext-Sensitive

HelpConsoleError

MessagesIdentifyproblemswithswitchcommandsincorrectlyenteredsothatyoucanalterorcorrect

them.CommandHistory

BufferAllowsrecalloflongorcomplexcommandsorentriesforreentry,review,orcorrection.Providesalistofcommandsandtheargumentsassociatedwithaspecific

command.SwitchCommandLineHelp

Facilities–Configuration

ModesGlobalconfigurationmodewg_sw_a#conftermwg_sw_a(config)#Interfaceconfigurationmodewg_sw_a(config)#interfacee0/1wg_sw_a(config-if)#配置交換機(jī)命令目的Step

1configure

terminal進(jìn)入配置狀態(tài)Step

2interfacerange

{port-range}進(jìn)入組配置狀態(tài)Step

3使用的端口配置命令進(jìn)行配置Step

4end退回Step

5showinterfaces[interface-id]驗(yàn)證配置Step

6copyrunning-config

startup-config保存配置端口\配置一組端口當(dāng)使用interface

range命令時(shí)有如下的規(guī)則:有效的組范圍:vlan從1

到4094fastethernet槽位/{firstport}

-

{last

port},

槽位為0gigabitethernet槽位/{first

port}

-

{last

port},槽位為0port-channelport-channel-number-port-channel-number,port-channel號(hào)從1到64，端口號(hào)之間需要加入空格，如：interface range

fastethernet

0/1

–

5是有效的，而interface

rangeFstethernet0/1-5

是無(wú)效的.interface

range

命令只能配置已經(jīng)存在的interface

vlan所有在同一組的端口必須是相同類別的配置端口\配置一組端口（2）Switch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#interfacerangefastethernet0/1-5Switch(config-if-range)#noshutdown*Oct 608:24:35:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/1,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:24:35:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/2,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:24:35:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:24:35:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup*Oct 608:24:35:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/5,changedstateto

up配置端口\配置一組端口（3）配置不同類型端口的組:Switch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#interfacerangefastethernet0/1-2,gigabitethernet0/1-2Switch(config-if-range)#no

shutdown*Oct 608:29:28:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/1,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:29:28:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/2,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:29:28:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceGigabitEthernet0/1,changedstateto

up*Oct 608:29:28:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceGigabitEthernet0/2,changedstateto

up配置端口\配置一組端口（4）命令目的Step

1configure

terminal進(jìn)入配置狀態(tài)Step

2interface{vlanvlan-id}|{{fastethernet|gigabitethernet}interface-id}|

{port-channelport-channel-number}選擇要關(guān)閉的端口Step

3shutdown關(guān)閉Step

4end退出Step

5show

running-config驗(yàn)證使用

no

shutdown

命令重新打開(kāi)端口.關(guān)閉和打開(kāi)端口配置端口速率及雙工模式可以配置快速以太口的速率為10/100Mbps及千兆以太口的速率為10/100/1000-Mbps;但對(duì)于GBIC端口則不能配置速率及雙工模式，有時(shí)可以配置nonegotiate,當(dāng)需要聯(lián)接不支持自適應(yīng)的其它千兆端口時(shí)命令目的Step

1configure

terminal進(jìn)入配置狀態(tài).Step

2interface

interface-id進(jìn)入端口配置狀態(tài).Step

3speed{10|100|1000|auto|nonegotiate}設(shè)置端口速率（

1000

只工作在千兆口.

GBIC模塊只工作在1000Mbps下.

nonegotiate

只能在這些GBIC上用.）Step

4duplex{auto|full|

half}設(shè)置全雙工或半雙工.Step

6showinterfaces

interface-id顯示有關(guān)配置情況配置端口速率及雙工模式（2）Switch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#interfacefastethernet0/3Switch(config-if)#speed10Switch(config-if)#duplexhalf配置端口速率及雙工模式（3）wg_sw_a#sh

interfacesForwardTransitions:

1Ethernet0/1isEnabledHardwareisBuilt-in10Base-TAddressis

0090.8673.3341MTU1500bytes,BW10000

Kbits802.1d

STP

State: ForwardingPortmonitoring:DisabledUnknownunicastflooding:

EnabledUnregisteredmulticastflooding:EnabledDescription:Duplexsetting:Half

duplexBackpressure:

DisabledReceive

Statistics-------------------------------------TransmitStatistics-------------------------------------Totalgood

framesTotal

octetsBroadcast/multicastframesBroadcast/multicast

octetsGoodframes

forwardedFrames

filteredRunt

framesNobuffer

discardsErrors:FCSerrorsAlignmenterrorsGiantframesAddress

violations000044841 Totalframes

4045024944550 Total

octets 2959157431011 Broadcast/multicastframes

3909133865029 Broadcast/multicastoctets

2847815444832 Deferrals

09 Singlecollisions

00 Multiplecollisions

00 Excessivecollisions

0Queuefulldiscards

0Errors:LatecollisionsExcessive

deferralsJabber

errorsOthertransmit

errors0000ShowingDuplex

Options端

口

描

述命令目的Step

1configure

terminal進(jìn)入配置模式Step

2interface

interface-id進(jìn)入要加入描述的端口Step

3description

string加入描述

(最多240個(gè)字符).Step

4end退回.Step

5showinterfacesinterface-iddescriptionorshow

running-config驗(yàn)證.Switch#config

terminalSwitch(config)#interfacefastethernet0/4Switch(config-if)#descriptionConnectsto

MarketingSwitch(config-if)#endSwitch#showinterfacesfastethernet0/4descriptionInterface Status Protocol DescriptionFa0/4 up down Connectsto

Marketing端

口

描

述（2）監(jiān)控及維護(hù)端口Show

Commands目的showinterfaces

[interface-id]顯示所有端口或某一端口的狀態(tài)和配置.showinterfacesinterface-id

status[err-disabled]顯示一系列端口的狀態(tài)或錯(cuò)誤－關(guān)閉的狀態(tài)showinterfaces

[interface-id]switchport顯示二層端口的狀態(tài)，可以用來(lái)決定此口是否為二層或三層口。showinterfaces

[interface-id]description顯示端口描述showrunning-config

interface[interface-id]顯示當(dāng)前配置中的端口配置情況showversion顯示軟硬件等情況Switch#showinterfaces

statusNameStatusconnectedVlanroutedDuplexSpeed

Typea-fulla-10010/100/1000BaseTXwceserver20.20.2

disabledroutedPortGi0/1Gi0/2Gi0/3Gi0/4ipwccpweb-cache

notconnectnotconnect routedroutedautoauto auto10/100/1000BaseTXauto auto10/100/1000Base

TXauto10/100/1000Base

TX監(jiān)控及維護(hù)端口（2）Switch#showinterfacesfastethernet0/1switchportName:

Fa0/1Switchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:staticaccessOperationalMode:

downAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:

OffAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingVLANsEnabled:

ALLPruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001Protected:falseUnknownunicastblocked:disabledUnknownmulticastblocked:disabledVLAN:dot1p

(Inactive)Appliancetrust:

5監(jiān)控及維護(hù)端口（3）wg_sw_a#show

interfacesForwardTransitions:

1Ethernet0/1isEnabledHardwareisBuilt-in10Base-TAddressis

0090.8673.3341MTU1500bytes,BW10000

Kbits802.1d

STP

State: ForwardingPortmonitoring:DisabledUnknownunicastflooding:

EnabledUnregisteredmulticastflooding:EnabledDescription:Duplexsetting:Half

duplexBackpressure:

DisabledReceive

Statistics-------------------------------------TransmitStatistics-------------------------------------TotalgoodframesTotaloctetsBroadcast/multicastframesBroadcast/multicast

octetsGoodframes

forwardedFrames

filteredRunt

framesNobuffer

discards40450229591574frames 390913octets

284781540000044841 Total

frames4944550 Total

octets31011 Broadcast/multicast3865029 Broadcast/multicast44832 Deferrals9 Single

collisions0 Multiple

collisions0 Excessive

collisionsQueuefulldiscardsErrors:Errors:FCSerrorsAlignmenterrorsGiantframesAddress

violations0000LatecollisionsExcessive

deferralsJabber

errorsOthertransmit

errors0000FCSandLateCollision

Errorswg_sw_a#show

versionCiscoCatalyst1900/2820EnterpriseEditionSoftwareVersion

V8.01.01Copyright(c)CiscoSystems,Inc. 1993-1998ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version

3.03wg_sw_duptimeis8day(s)17hour(s)53minute(s)

25second(s)ciscoCatalyst1900(486sxl)processorwith2048K/1024KbytesofmemoryHardwareboardrevisionis

1UpgradeStatus:Noupgradecurrentlyin

progress.ConfigFileStatus:Filewgswd.cfgdownloadedfrom

27FixedEthernet/IEEE802.3interface(s)BaseEthernetAddress:00-90-86-73-33-40wg_sw_a#Show

Versionwg_sw_c#showrunBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:!hostname"wg_sw_c"!ipaddress3

ipdefault-gateway!interfaceEthernet

0/1<text

omitted>interfaceEthernet

0/24!InterfaceEthernet

0/25!interfaceFastEthernet

0/26!interfaceFastEthernet

0/27wg_sw_c#showrunBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:!hostname"wg_sw_c"!ipaddress3

255.255ipdefault-gateway

!interfaceEthernet

0/1<text

omitted>interfaceEthernet0/24!InterfaceEthernet0/25!interfaceFastEthernet0/26!interfaceFastEthernet0/27Switchshow

running-configurationCommandwg_sw_c#show

runBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:!hostname"wg_sw_c".255.0!ipaddress3

ipdefault-gateway!interfaceEthernet

0/1<text

omitted>interfaceEthernet

0/12!InterfaceEthernet

0/25!interfaceFastEthernet

0/26!interfaceFastEthernet

0/27!!!!!!wg_sw_c#show

runBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:hostname"wg_sw_c"ipaddress3

ipdefault-gatewayinterfaceEthernet

0/1<text

omitted>interfaceEthernet

0/12InterfaceEthernet0/25interfaceFastEthernet0/26interfaceFastEthernet

0/27Catalyst

1924Catalyst

1912wg_sw_a#show

ipIPaddress:

1Subnetmask:

Defaultgateway:

ManagementVLAN:

1Domain

name:Nameserver1:

Nameserver2:

HTTPserver:EnabledHTTP

port: 80RIP:

Enabledwg_sw_a#查看IP地址Clear命令目的clearcounters[interface-id]清除端口計(jì)數(shù)器.clearline[number|console0|vty

number]重置異步串口的硬件邏輯clear

counters

命令只清除用show

interface所顯示的計(jì)數(shù)，不影響用snmp得到的計(jì)數(shù)刷新、重置端口及計(jì)數(shù)器舉例如下：Switch#clearcounters

fastethernet0/5Clear"showinterface"countersonthisinterface[confirm]ySwitch#*Sep3008:42:55:%CLEAR-5-COUNTERS:ClearcounteroninterfaceFastEthernet0/5byvty1(0)可使用clear

line

命令來(lái)清除或重置某一端口或串口，在大部分情況下并不需要這樣做:Switch#clearinterface

fastethernet0/5刷新、重置端口及計(jì)數(shù)器（2）管理

Mac

AddressTablewg_sw_a#show

mac-address-tablewg_sw_a#shmac-address-tableNumberofpermanentaddresses:

0Numberofrestrictedstaticaddresses:0Numberofdynamicaddresses:

6Address Dest

Interface TypeSourceInterface

List-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------00E0.1E5D.AE2FEthernet

0/2DynamicAll00D0.588F.B604FastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00E0.1E5D.AE2BFastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll0090.273B.87A4FastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00D0.588F.B600FastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00D0.5892.38C4FastEthernet

0/27DynamicAllwg_sw_a#show

mac-address-tableCont.wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablepermanent{mac-addresstype

module/port}SettingPermanentMAC

Addresswg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablepermanent{mac-addresstype

module/port}wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablepermanent2222.2222.2222ethernet0/3Cont.wg_sw_a#shmac-address-tableNumberofpermanentaddresses:

1Numberofrestrictedstaticaddresses:0Numberofdynamicaddresses:

4Address Dest

Interface TypeSourceInterface

List--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------00E0.1E5D.AE2FEthernet0/2DynamicAll2222.2222.2222Ethernet0/3PermanentAll00D0.588F.B604FastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00E0.1E5D.AE2BFastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00D0.5892.38C4FastEthernet

0/27DynamicAllwg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablepermanent{mac-addresstype

module/port}wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablepermanent2222.2222.2222ethernet0/3Cont.wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablerestrictedstatic{mac-addresstypemodule/port

src-if-list}SettingRestrictedStaticMACAddresswg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablerestrictedstatic{mac-addresstypemodule/port

src-if-list}wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablerestrictedstatic1111.1111.1111e0/4

e0/1SettingRestrictedStaticMACAddress1111.1111.1111Ethernet0/4StaticEt0/100E0.1E5D.AE2FEthernet

0/2DynamicAll2222.2222.2222Ethernet0/3PermanentAll00D0.588F.B604FastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00E0.1E5D.AE2BFastEthernet

0/26DynamicAll00D0.5892.38C4FastEthernet

0/27DynamicAllwg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablerestrictedstatic{mac-addresstypemodule/port

src-if-list}wg_sw_a(config)#mac-address-tablerestrictedstatic1111.1111.1111e0/4e0/1wg_sw_a#sh

mac-address-tableNumberofpermanentaddresses:1Numberofrestrictedstaticaddresses:1Numberofdynamicaddresses:

4Address Dest

Interface Type SourceInterface

List-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SettingRestrictedStaticMACAddress配置

Port

Securitywg_sw_a(config-if)#portsecure[max-mac-count

count]Configuresaninterfacetobeasecured

portDefineamaximumnumberofmacaddressesallowedintheaddresstableforthis

portCountcanbefrom1to

132Defaultis

132wg_sw_a(config-if)#portsecure[max-mac-count

count]Configuresaninterfacetobeasecured

portDefineamaximumnumberofmacaddressesallowedintheaddresstableforthis

portCountcanbefrom1to

132Defaultis

132wg_sw_a(config)#interfacee0/4wg_sw_a(config-if)#port

securewg_sw_a(config-if)#portsecuremax-mac-count

1Cont.Cont.wg_sw_a#showmac-address-table

securitywg_sw_a#showmac-address-tablesecurityActionuponaddressviolation:

SuspendInterface Addressing

Security AddressTable

Size------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ethernet

0/1Ethernet0/2Ethernet0/3Ethernet

0/4DisabledDisabledDisabledEnabled