Unit3知識梳理賓語從句講義牛津譯林版英語九年級上冊

9AUnit3Reading梳理9AUnit3Reading梳理一、重點詞匯teenageadj.青少年的 markn.分數(shù)；標(biāo)記madadj.瘋狂的；生氣的examn.(=examination)考試，測試perhapsadv.或許，可能 dealvi．處理choicem選擇 butprep.除……外；只有awakeadj.醒著的 doubtvt.懷疑worthadj.值得，值……錢valuableadj.寶貴的，很有用的；貴重的imaginevt．＆vi．想象，設(shè)想 suggestionn．建議causen.原因 strictadj.嚴格的，嚴厲的重要句型1.Ihaveaproblem,butIwonderhowIshoulddealwithit．我有一個問題，但是我想要知道我應(yīng)該怎樣處理它。(1)wonder①wonder作及物動詞，表示“想知道”、“對……感到懷疑”、“納悶”，常見用法有：1)后接who，what，when等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。相當(dāng)于wanttoknow如：Iwonderwhoheis．我想知道他是誰。2)后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示“感到驚奇”、“對……感到驚訝”，that?？墒∪?。如：Iwonder(that)Lunenglostthegame.我對于魯能隊失掉比賽很驚訝。3)后接if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，用于有禮貌的詢問。如：Shewonderedwhetherhermotherwasfreethatmorning.她想知道那天早上她的媽媽是否有空。4)后接“疑問詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的短語。如：I'mjustwonderinghowtodoit．我想要知道怎樣做。②wonder作名詞，表示“奇事”、“奇跡”、“奇觀”、“奇才”、“驚奇；驚訝”等。如：ThepyramidsareoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.金字塔是世界七大奇跡之一。(2)dealwith與dowith都意為“處置；處理”。dowith常與連接代詞what連用，而dealwith常與連接副詞how連用，如：Idon'tknowhowtheydealwiththeproblem.(=Idon'tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.)我不知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個問題。Heiseasytodealwith.(=Heiseasytodowith.這時“do”是不及物動詞)他是容易相處的人。這兩個詞組在使用時有細微的差別。2.Ihavealotofhomeworkeveryday,andIhavenochoicebuttofinishallofit．我每天有很多作業(yè)，我沒有選擇只能完成所有的作業(yè)。choice作名詞，意為“選擇”，其動詞形式為choose。常見短語為havenochoicebuttodosth意為“沒有別的選擇只能做”。Ihavenochoicebuttoaccepthisinvitation.我除了接受他的邀請沒有別的選擇。3．Ioftenhavetostayuplate．我常常不得不熬夜到很晚。stayup意為“熬夜”，后常接副詞late。Doyouoftenstayuplate?你常常熬夜到很晚嗎？[歸納]常見的含有up的動詞短語：sendup發(fā)出，射出putup張貼／建造finishup吃完或喝完divideup使……分開eupwith想出eatup吃光giveup放棄4.However,Ihardlyhaveanysparetimeformyhobbies.然而，我?guī)缀鯖]有任何空余時間來享受自己的愛好。hardly意為“幾乎不”，易混詞為hard，可為形容詞或者副詞。作形容詞時，意為“困難的”；作副詞時，意為“努力地；猛烈地”。Asastudent.weshouldworkhard.作為學(xué)生，我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。5.Ioftendoubtwhetheritisworthspendingsomuchtimeonmyhomework．我常常懷疑把這么多時間花費在作業(yè)上是否值得。(1)doubt意為“懷疑”。后接賓語從句時，如主句為肯定句時用if或whether連接，如主句為否定句或疑問句時用that連接，表示“不信任，不相信，懷疑，疑惑”。如：Idon'tdoubtthatshe'stellingthetruth.我并不懷疑她講的是真話。(2)worth為形容詞，意為“值得；值……錢”，常見短語為beworthdoing“值得做”。TheLifeIKnow,byHanHanisworthreading.韓寒寫的《我所理解的生活》值得讀。6.Idon'tunderstandwhytheyweresostrictwithme．我不理解為什么他們對我如此的嚴格。strict作形容詞，意為“嚴格的；嚴厲的”。常見短語bestrictwithsb，意為“對某人嚴格要求”，以及bestrictin(doing)sth，意為“對（做）某事嚴格要求”。如：MrSmithisverystrictwithhischildren.史密斯先生對他的孩子們要求十分嚴格。7．Ineedsomeonetosharemyworrieswith．我想要一個人來和我分擔(dān)憂慮。worry：(1)worry作名詞，意為“擔(dān)心；令人擔(dān)憂的事情”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為worries。Toomanyworriesarebadforyourhealth.太多的憂慮對你的健康有害。(2)worry可作及物動詞，意為“使煩惱”，“使焦慮”，常接sb作賓語。如：Whatworriedyousomuch?什么事使你這么著急？(3)worry也可作不及物動詞，意為“煩惱”、“擔(dān)心”、“發(fā)愁”，常跟介詞about或over。如：Theyareworryingabouttheingexam.他們正在為即將到來的考試而發(fā)愁。(4)worry后接從句時，也表示“為……擔(dān)心”，此時不用介詞，worry可看作及物動詞。如： Don'tworryhowmuchyou'spend.別擔(dān)心花多少錢。課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)單項填空( )1.Hisfriendsfind______himeverythingthathashappened.A.itnecessarytotell B.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryitto D.necessarytotell( )2.Theylearneditallbythemselves.Thatistosaynobodytoldthem______.A.whattodoit B.howtodoit C.wheretodo D.whentodo( )3.Davidwassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecould______sayaword. A.nearly B.hard C.ever D.hardly( )4.Thispieceofmusicisworth______.A.tolisten B.tolistento C.listening D.listeningto( )5.Mrs.Blackalwayshavemanyways______herclasses______.A.tomake;livelyandinterested B.tomake;livelyandinterestingC.ofmaking;aliveandinterested D.ofmaking;aliveandinteresting( )6.Theexpertadvisedme______ourselves______ourwork.A.tobestrictin；with B.bestrictin；withC.tobestrictwith；in D.strictwith；in( )7.________thewomanhasalotofmoney.A.Itseemedthat B.SheseemsthatC.Itseemsthat D.Sheseemedthat( )8.Lindafeels______tiredtodayafter1,000meterrace,butshehas______homeworktodoasusual.A.toomuch； muchtoo B.toomuch；toomuchC.muchtoo； muchtoo D.muchtoo； toomuch( )9.一Doyouknow_____Janegoestothelibrary?一Onceaweek.Shelovesreadingverymuch.A.howsoon B.howoften C.howlong D.howfar( )10.Youshouldn’t______toomuch.It’sbadforyourhealthto _______.A.worry；worried B.worried；worry C.worry；worryabout D.worry；beworried( )11.Myteachergaveme_______andImadegreatprogressinmystudy.A.agoodadvice B.somegoodadvicesC.Somegoodsuggestion D.agoodsuggestion( )12.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyouare_______todriveacar.A.allowed B.promised C.accepted D.spared( )13.—Whatdidthedoctorsayjustnow? —Thedoctorsuggestedthatweshouldn’t_______ lateevenonholiday. A.putup Bstayup C.giveup D.turnup( )14.Idon’tknow______todealwiththisMathsproblem.It’stoodifficult.—Youcanaskyourclassmatesorteachersforhelp.A.how B.what C.whether D.if( )15.—Couldyoupleasetellme_______ ?—They’reoverthere. A.wherearethebathrooms B.wherewerethebathroomsC.wherethebathroomsare D.wherethebathroomswere翻譯句子1.計算一下，你完成這項任務(wù)需要的時間。_______________________________________________________________________2.他別無選擇，只能嚴格要求他的學(xué)生。_______________________________________________________________________3.杰克似乎在生他媽媽的氣。_______________________________________________________________________4.我弟弟癡迷收集各種各樣的蝴蝶圖片。_______________________________________________________________________5.你能給我一些關(guān)于怎樣在學(xué)業(yè)與愛好之間獲得平衡的建議嗎？_______________________________________________________________________賓語從句賓語從句一、賓語從句的語法意義及結(jié)構(gòu)(1)語法意義：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。賓語從句通常由連詞(that,whether,if)、連接代詞(which,what,who,whose,whom)或連接副詞(where,how,when,why)等引導(dǎo)。及物動詞、介詞或某些系表結(jié)構(gòu)后可帶賓語從句。(2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語(+其他成分）二、賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞：(1)陳述句作賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞用that。that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，無實際意思，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：

Hesaid(that)itwascoldinMoscow.Motherknows(that)Jimwillworkhard.

(2)一般疑問句作賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞用whether或if。whether或if表示“是否、是不是”的意思，不能省略。如：

Iwanttoknowif/whethertheanswerisright.Lucyaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapershirt.注：下列情況下一般只能用whether，不能用if：①與ornot連用時Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesthemovieornot.我不知道他喜不喜歡這部電影。②作介詞的賓語時Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時間。③放在不定式前，與不定式組成詞組時Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.她還沒決定去還是不去。④作discuss等詞的賓語時Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我們討論了是否該關(guān)閉那家商店。(3)特殊疑問句作賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞用原來的疑問詞，但在賓語從句中稱作連接代詞或連接副詞。連接代詞(which,what,who,whose,whom)或連接副詞(where,how,when,why)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，有一定的意思，不能省略。如：

Pleasetellhimwhichclassyouarein.HeaskedmewhomIwaswaitingfor.

Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?Pleaseasktheteacherhowwecangetthere三、賓語從句的時態(tài)

(1)若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，賓語從句根據(jù)句子的意義使用需要的時態(tài)。如：Wedon’tknowwhohasbrokenthewindow.Butwewillfindoutwhohasdonethat.

Pleasetellmewherewewillgo.(2)若主句是一般過去時，賓語從句要用相應(yīng)某種過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時。如：Hesaid:I’mastudent.Hesaidthathewasastudent.

Theteacherasked:WhatisMikedoing?TheteacheraskedwhatMikewasdoing.(3)若賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理或永恒不變的規(guī)律，則應(yīng)采用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句時態(tài)的限制。如：Ourteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.四、賓語從句的語序

(1)陳述句作由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，語序不用調(diào)整，即為陳述語序。

(2)一般疑問句作賓語從句時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為whether/if+陳述句。原一般疑問句的主語前如果是助動詞do/does/did，應(yīng)去掉，謂語動詞應(yīng)改為其相應(yīng)的形式;原一般疑問句的主語前如果是don’t/doesn’t/didn’t，則直接將其放到主語之后;原一般疑問句的主語前如果是be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞，則應(yīng)將其放到主語之后。如：

Doeshelikeapples?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesapples.

Heasks:IsTomadiver?HeaskswhetherTomisadriver.

(3)特殊疑問句作賓語從句時，如果疑問詞作主語或主語的定語，其語序不用變化;如果疑問詞充當(dāng)其他句子成分，則賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為連接代詞/連接副詞+陳述句。如：

Whocananswerthequestion?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknowwhocananswerthequestion.

Whosebookisonthedesk?Weallknow.Weallknowwhosebookisonthedesk.

Whenwilltheyarrive?Pleasetellus.Pleasetelluswhentheywillarrive.課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)選擇填空：

()1.Doyouknowwhattime_______.

A.thetrainleave

B.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleave

D.thetrainleaves

()2.Couldyoutellme_______withthebike?It'sbrokendown.

A.what'sthematter

B.whatthematterisC.what'sthewrong

D.whatthewrongis

()3.Shesaid_______itwouldn'tmattermuch.

A.that

B.if

C.which

D.what

()4.Wewantedtoknow_______theanswerwasfightornot.

A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.what

()5.Johnisbehindothersinmaths,butitdoesn'tfollow_______hedoesn'tusehisbrains,hemaynotbeinterestedinit

A.what

B.that

C.if

D.which

()6.Shehasmadeitclear_______shewillhavenothingtodowithhim.

A.what

B.which

C.whether

D.that

()7.Forcenturies,peoplehavewondered_______thiscontinentisreallylike,sinceitiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnowalltheyearround.

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.whether

()8.LiLeitoldJim_______.

A.howmuchyuanisthesweater

B.howmuchisthesweater

C.howmuchthesweateris

D.howmuchthesweaterwas

()9.Hereallydoesn'tknow_______theoverheadbridgewillbefinished.

A.howlong

B.howfar

C.howsoon

D.howoften

()10.Theteachercameuptosee_______.

A.whatwasthematter

B.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematteris

D.what'sthematter

()11.Nobodyknew_______.

A.wherehees

B.wherehewasfromC.whereheisfrom

D.wheredoesheefrom

()12.Canyoutellme_______.Mr.GreenlivesinRoom2318?

A.that

B.where

C.until

D.if

()13.Itoldthemthatthesun_______intheeast.

A.rises

B.rose

C.hasrisen

D.wasrising

()14.Youmustremember_______thetrain

A.that,leaves

B.when,leaves

C.when,willleave

D.if,leave

()15.Theboyaskedhowfarthemoon_______fromtheearth.

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.was

()16.Iwassurprisedat_______.

A.whatheissaying

B.whathesaid

C.whatdidhesay

D.whatsaidhe

()19.Hesaidhe_______mebefore.

A.hasmet

B.met

C.wasmeeting

D.hadmet

()23.Theywillbethankfulfor_______youhavedone.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.who回家作業(yè)回家作業(yè)單項選擇()1.Hetoldmethenewsinalow_______．A.sound B.noise C.voice D.noises()2.Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.Don'tleavethelights_______.A.off B.on C.away D.shine()3.Themanis_______toliftthebox.A.weakenough B.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.tallenough()4.It'sunhealthyforyoutodrink_______wine.A.manytoo B.muchtooC.toomany D.toomuch()5.Thankyouforgivingussomany_______．A.advice B.advices C.suggestion D.suggestions()6.Everyonehasproblemsattimes.Themostimportantisweneedtolearnhowto_______theseproblems.A.dealwith B.dowith C.tell D.know()7.Wearelookingforwardto_______theGreatWall.A.visit B.visited C.visiting D.visits()8.MaybeIhaveheardofthestorybefore,butIcan_______rememberit.A.hardly B.really C.mostly D.easily()9.Ithinkyouradviceisofgreatvaluetomeandit'sworth_______.A.totake