定語從句的底層邏輯和難點(diǎn)突破+課件 陜西省省級教學(xué)能手微講座

所有從句=引導(dǎo)詞（連詞/關(guān)系詞）+句子引導(dǎo)詞可在從句中作成分，也可能不作成分合并兩個句子：Sheisthegirl.Youneverforgetthegirl.Youmetaheaven-sentangel.Sheistheheaven-sentangel.WhyGodmadeagirl?Shemustbethereason.Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatyouneverforget.Sheistheheaven-sentangelwho/whom/thatyoumet.ShemustbethereasonwhyGodmadeagirl.定語從句的本質(zhì)：漢語中“的”，本質(zhì)就是劃定一個范圍，限定一個區(qū)間。漢語常用形容詞“...的”實(shí)現(xiàn)修飾限定的作用，英語的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式：定語（形容詞，分詞短語，介詞短語等）；定語從句Sheisthegirl.Youneverforgetthegirl.Sheisthegirlyouneverforgetthegirl.*Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatyouneverforget.定語從句的形成過程：合并同類項(xiàng)為了語言使用的簡潔、高效Sheisthegirl

that

youneverforget.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞who人主，賓whom人賓(可省)which物主，賓(可省)that人或物主，賓(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行詞的”關(guān)系副詞where(=介詞+which)地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語when(=介詞+which)時間名詞時間狀語why(=forwhich)reason原因狀語先行詞就一定是一個詞嗎？antecedent:theword,phrase,orclausetowhichapronounrefers.關(guān)系詞所指代的詞、短語或從句所以，先行詞可以是一個詞、短語、從句或者獨(dú)立的句子等。1.1先行詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgoupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousethatworkinrelationtooneanother.3.Hesaidthathehadnotime,whichisn’ttrue.4.Mygirlfriendlikestalkingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.1.2先行詞的位置特點(diǎn)：定語從句一定緊挨著先行詞嗎？先行詞+其他定語+定語從句Therecomesatimeinmostcouple’sliveswhenabreak-upseemsinevitable.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.1.2先行詞的位置特點(diǎn)：先行詞+狀語+定語從句Isthereanythingintheworldthatwecannotbuywithmoney?1.2先行詞的位置特點(diǎn)：作主語的先行詞+謂語部分+定語從句Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.1.2先行詞考點(diǎn)-定語從句中的主謂一致：Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthat

notfullyunderstood.引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞who人主，賓whom人賓(可省)which物主，賓(可省)that人或物主，賓(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行詞的”關(guān)系副詞where(=介詞+which)地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語when(=介詞+which)時間名詞時間狀語why(=forwhich)reason原因狀語1.Theman

cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl

ImetisLucy.3.Ilikethebook

youboughtyesterday.4.Achild

parentsaredeadiscalledTom.2

關(guān)系代詞whose有什么特別？whose后面必須接一個名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用表示“先行詞的”既可以指人，也可以指物關(guān)系代詞有what嗎？what不引導(dǎo)定語從句,what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句.

what=先行詞+關(guān)系代詞

Iwanttogiveyou

Ihave.Iwanttogiveyouthebook

Ihave.

youfoundisatreasure.Thevase

youfoundisatreasure.2

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞who人主，賓whom人賓(可省)which物主，賓(可省)that人或物主，賓(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行詞的”關(guān)系副詞where(=介詞+which)地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語when(=介詞+which)時間名詞時間狀語why(=forwhich)reason原因狀語17whenwhen可用in/on/at/during...+which

代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.Istillremembertheday

Ifirstmethim.3關(guān)系副詞18where

where可用in/on/at/to...+which代替1.Thefactoryistheplace.2.Ionceworkedinthefactory.Thefactoryistheplace

Ionceworked3關(guān)系副詞19whywhy可用for+which

代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.Thisisthereason

Iwaslateforschool.3關(guān)系副詞3關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有how嗎？How不可以作為方式的關(guān)系副詞。在英語中，若表示方式，常用以下四種句型：1.theway+從句2.thewaythat+從句3.thewayinwhich+從句4.themannerthat+從句thewayhow+從句

×Idon’tliketheway

youspeaktome.Showmethewayhowyoutookagoodpicture.1.首先分清主句和定語從句，確保主句的完整性；2.確定定語從句的先行詞(人還是物，不一定是一個詞）3.把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其在定語從句中做什么語法成分（主語，賓語，定語或狀語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語則選擇關(guān)系代詞，若在從句中做狀語，則選擇關(guān)系副詞。4

如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason____________hegave.總結(jié)：先行詞為表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞后接定從，不一定就是when,where,why,還要考慮先行詞在定從中作什么成分。注意觀察定語從句中謂語動詞的差別先行詞為表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞后接定從，一定用when,where,why引導(dǎo)嗎？Ilikemovieswhichareadaptedfromfamousnovels.Ilovemymotherwhoisgoodtome.Ilovemymother,whoisgoodtome.IamLiHua,whoisoneofyourstudents.非限制性定從本質(zhì)是一個插入語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。限制性定從與非限制定從區(qū)別：有無逗號隔開，與主句的關(guān)系。5限制性定從與非限制性定從1.Youcantakeanyseat__________isfree.2.Thisistheonlything_________wecando.3.Theisthefirstplace__________Iwanttovisit.4.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.5.ThoughIcan’tremembereverything____happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,6.Istillremembersomepeopleandthings_____wererelatedtoEve,whousedtobemyroommate.7.Thereislittle_______Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Whoistheperson

brokethewindow?9.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace____itusedtobe.10.Thereisanewtypeofshoes

you

mightbefondof.6

特殊規(guī)則及易混點(diǎn)只用that卻不用which/who的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時:everything,anything,nothing,something,all,much,little,few,none，theone,every等2）當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等，形容詞的最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾時。3）先行詞既有人又有物時4）當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞用that,不用which或who。以避免重復(fù)。5)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時6)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中多少不一，恰人物最序Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.2.Thisisthetrainby_____wewenttoBeijing.當(dāng)先行詞是事物時，只用which卻不用that的情況1.介詞后2.用于非限制定語從句中1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.IamreadingHarryPorter._____isaninterestingbook.3.Hehastwosons.

Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,

bothof________areteachers.whichItthemwhom1.I’vecometothepoint

Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation

awarwillbreakoutatanytime.總結(jié)：定語從句分別修飾point,situation,part,stage,condition，position，case，activity等表示“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”等抽象地點(diǎn)意義時，用where引導(dǎo)。1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.

wherethat3.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwonthegame.4.Wedon’tbelieveinthenews________hetoldusyesterday.定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that

that/which同位語從句定語從句定從還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型？定從還是同位語從句？7

關(guān)系代詞asas引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，只能用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，即有such,thesame,as修飾的先行詞后。such...as...,thesame...as...,as...as...She'snotsuchaman

wouldleaveherworkhalfdone.Heisnotthesameperson

weknow.Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakes

hecouldavoid.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，1.指代的通常是一個完整的句子；2.位置可以在句首、句中和句末。

isknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.

isknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.

isknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定從，區(qū)別是什么？1.位置as，主句前中后都可以；which主句后2.語義Shefailedagain,

wasexpected.Shefailedagain,

wasunexpected.當(dāng)主句和從句在內(nèi)容上一致時，或者說從句的內(nèi)容順著主語的意思，用as。as有“正如...，由...而知”這樣的意思；當(dāng)主句和從句在內(nèi)容上不一致時，或者說從句的內(nèi)容對主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用，則多用which。which譯為“這”。7

關(guān)系代詞as1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.總結(jié)：1.such…that中的that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，在句中不作成分。such…as中的as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)主賓表。如果后面成分完整，用that來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；如果后面句子成分不完整，則用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時，只能用

as,意為“正如、恰如”。whichAsasthat8

介詞＋關(guān)系代詞

常用：介詞＋which/whom關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.Thisisthecar______whichIcan’tgotowork.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddownThisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.Thisisthecar____whichwetalked.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbrokenforoninwithoutbyataboutof2.根據(jù)從句中從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配

Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms

whichI’mnotfamiliar.3.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配1949wastheyear

whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.Whose引起從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”，即：the+n+of+which/whom

或者of+which/whom+the+n

Theyliveinahouse,

dooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,