船體結構圖文介紹VIP

PAGE144簡明船舶結構英漢圖解詞典3船體結構PAGE1433船體結構（ConstructionofShipHull）船體是由骨材和鋼板組合而成的復雜結構體。由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船體結構形式。船體結構各部位的作用不同，各個結構的細節(jié)也不相同?，F將船體進行分解，按各個部位給出結構細節(jié)的名稱。3.1船體結構形式船體橫向布置的骨材間距較小，縱向布置的骨材間距較大，這種船體結構稱為橫骨架式結構；船體橫向布置的骨材間距較大，縱向布置的骨材間距較小，這種船體結構稱為縱骨架式結構。船體的強力甲板和船底采用縱骨架式結構，而舷側和下甲板采用橫骨架式結構，這種船體結構稱為混合骨架式結構。eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)圖3.1.1單甲板橫骨架式船體結構圖3.1.1單甲板橫骨架式船體結構transverseframingsystemofsingle-deckhulleq\o\ac(○,1)甲板板deckedplateeq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板topsideplate,sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷側外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,4)舭列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,5)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,6)龍骨centerlineverticalkeeleq\o\ac(○,7)平板龍骨flatkeel，platekeeleq\o\ac(○,8)旁內龍骨sidekeelsoneq\o\ac(○,9)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,10)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,11)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,12)強肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,13)舷側縱骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,15)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,16)橫艙壁板transversebulkheadplateeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)圖3.1.2有二層甲板橫骨架式船體結構圖3.1.2有二層甲板橫骨架式船體結構transverseframingsystemoftwo-deckedhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)上甲板艙口圍板hatchcoamingonupperdeckeq\o\ac(○,3)甲板間肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,4)二甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,5)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,6)二甲板艙口圍板hatchcoamingonseconddeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船側外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,8)艙內肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,9)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,10)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,11)舭肘板bilgebracketeq\o\ac(○,12)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,13)內底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,14)舭部外板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,15)舭龍骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)圖3.1.3縱骨架式船體結構eq\o\ac(○,16)扶強材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,18)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,19)中底桁bottomcentralgirder圖3.1.3縱骨架式船體結構longitudinalframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,3)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,4)舷側外板topsideplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)強橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,6)水平扶強材horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,7)強橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,10)縱艙壁longitudinalbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)強肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,12)撐材struteq\o\ac(○,13)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,14)面板faceplateeq\o\ac(○,15)肋板bottomtransverseeq\o\ac(○,16)舭龍骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,17)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,18)船底縱桁bottomgirdereq\o\ac(○,19)船底板bottomplate圖3.1.4混合骨架式船體結構combinedframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,2)中縱桁centergirdereq\o\ac(○,3)旁縱桁sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,4)內底邊板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,6)內底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,7)內底縱骨innerbottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,10)舭龍骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,11)艙內肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷側外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,14)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,16)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,17)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,18)二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,19)三層甲板thirddeckeq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)圖3.1.4混合骨架式船體結構3.2船首結構船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞艙壁以前的船體，這部分船體處于船的最前端。從外形上來看，船首部位的船體向著前端逐漸削尖，船體兩側外板在船的首柱處匯攏。從構造上來說，由于船首部位是受力集中的地方，如船在前進時會受到的水的作用力、碰撞力和波浪拍擊力等外力的作用，所以船首結構采取特別加強處理。圖3.2.1雜貨船的船首結構布置stemconstructionarrangementofgeneralcargovesseleq\o\ac(○,1)錨anchoreq\o\ac(○,2)錨鏈anchorchain,anchorcableeq\o\ac(○,3)錨鏈筒hawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,4)導纜孔mooringpipeeq\o\ac(○,5)滾輪導纜鉗rollerfairleadeq\o\ac(○,6)船首旗桿jackstaffeq\o\ac(○,7)通風管ventpipeeq\o\ac(○,8)纜樁bitts,bollardeq\o\ac(○,9)制鏈器chaincontroller,cablegrippereq\o\ac(○,10)艏樓平臺forecastleplatformeq\o\ac(○,11)鋼索卷車wirereeleq\o\ac(○,12)艏樓扶梯forecastleladdereq\o\ac(○,13)起錨機windlasseq\o\ac(○,14)錨鏈管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,15)雙滾輪導纜鉗doublerolleropenchockeq\o\ac(○,16)欄桿handrailrailingeq\o\ac(○,17)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,18)錨龕、錨穴anchorrecesseq\o\ac(○,19)柵欄桿openraileq\o\ac(○,20)欄桿柱handrailstanchioneq\o\ac(○,21)甲板錨鏈孔凸緣deckflangeofhawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,22)錨鏈孔喇叭口bell-mouthofhawseholeeq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,15)④③eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,17)圖3.2.1雜貨船的船首結構布置圖3.2.2船首結構總體圖（剝去外板見其內部）generalconstructionofstemeq\o\ac(○,1)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)艏尖艙forepeaktankeq\o\ac(○,3)帆纜庫boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,4)球鼻艏bulbousboweq\o\ac(○,5)流線形板fashionplateeq\o\ac(○,6)船首水平加強板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,7)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,8)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,9)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,10)縱艙壁centerlinebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)止蕩板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,12)防撞艙壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)舷側縱桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍擊縱板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,15)抗拍擊梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,16)支柱pillareq\o\ac(○,17)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,18)雙層底外側肘板tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,19)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,20)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,21)甲板縱梁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,22)中縱桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,23)騎板riderplateeq\o\ac(○,24)橫加強筋horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,25)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,26)抗拍擊縱材下梁pantingstringerunderbeameq\o\ac(○,27)球首內肋板ribeq\o\ac(○,28)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,26)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,27)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,28)eq\o\ac(○,25)eq\o\ac(○,18)圖3.2.2船首結構總體圖圖3.2.3艏柱結構constructionofstemposteq\o\ac(○,1)鑄鋼艏柱下半部lowerhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,2)鑄鋼艏柱上半部upperhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,3)嵌接處scarf（大中型船舶的艏柱由鑄鋼艏柱與鋼板艏柱兩部分組成，特指這兩部分的連接部位）eq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)鋼板艏柱steelplatestemposteq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)圖3.2.3艏柱結構圖3.2.4船首構造平面圖planofstemconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)錨鏈管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,3)船首水柜forepeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船首水平加強板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,8)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,9)龍骨keeleq\o\ac(○,10)中縱桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,11)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,12)中內龍骨面板centerkeelsonfaceplateeq\o\ac(○,13)止蕩板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,14)防撞艙壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,15)儲藏室boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,16)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,17)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,18)甲板梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,19)雙層底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,20)內底板tanktopplate，innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,21)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)圖3.2.4船首構造平面圖圖3.2.5艏端結構立體視圖3Dpictureofbowconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)升高肋板raisedflooreq\o\ac(○,2)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,3)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,4)減輕孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,5)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)橫梁transversebeameq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,9)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)扶強材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,11)外板shellplateeq\o\ac(○,12)水平桁horizontalgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷側縱桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,1)圖3.2.5艏端結構立體視圖圖3.2.6球鼻形艏端結構立體視圖3Dpictureofbulbousboweq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,3)扶強材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,4)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,5)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,7)抗拍擊縱板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側縱材sidestringereq\o\ac(○,10)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)圖3.2.6球鼻形艏端結構立體視圖3.3船尾結構船的尾部結構是指從艉尖艙的水密艙壁以后，上甲板以下的船體結構，包括艉尖艙和船尾突出體。船尾部位是船舶受力比較集中的地方，在結構上多采用橫骨架式結構，并采取加強措施。eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,13)圖3.3.1船尾結構平面圖圖3.3.1船尾結構平面圖planofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)船尾水柜aftpeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,2)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井redderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,4)舵ruddereq\o\ac(○,5)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,6)遮蔽甲板shelterdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,9)水密艙壁watertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,11)應急出口、脫險井escapetrunkeq\o\ac(○,12)船尾水密橫艙壁aftpeakwatertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)雙層底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,14)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)圖3.3.2船尾結構立體視圖圖3.3.2船尾結構立體視圖3Dpictureofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,2)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,3)強胸橫梁pantingbeam,struteq\o\ac(○,4)舷側縱桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,5)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,6)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,7)艉升高肋板sternraisedflooreq\o\ac(○,8)艉尖艙壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,9)舵機平臺steeringgearplatformeq\o\ac(○,10)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)圖3.3.3a艉部結構全視圖(1)eq\o\ac(○,11)橫艙壁transversebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,14)強橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,15)斜橫梁cantbeameq\o\ac(○,16)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,17)斜肋骨cantframeeq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,28)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,27)eq\o\ac(○,26)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,25)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,15)圖3.3.3b艉部結構全視圖(2)圖3.3.3a,b艉部結構全視圖（去除外板見內部）overallconstructionofsterneq\o\ac(○,1)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,2)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,4)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,5)艉尖艙頂板tanktopplateeq\o\ac(○,6)舵機艙的艙壁steeringgearroombulkheadeq\o\ac(○,7)斜肋骨cantframeeq\o\ac(○,8)底肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,9)艉肋板transomflooreq\o\ac(○,10)艉柱頂框crowneq\o\ac(○,11)吊舵hangedruddereq\o\ac(○,12)尾柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,13)螺旋槳柱screwposteq\o\ac(○,14)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,15)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,16)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,17)艉升高肋板（深肋板）sternraisedfloor(deepfloor)eq\o\ac(○,18)艉尖艙艙壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,19)艉尖艙aftpeaktankeq\o\ac(○,20)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,21)船殼板hullplateeq\o\ac(○,22)內底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,23)舵鈕ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,24)甲板邊板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,25)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,26)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,27)抗拍擊縱材pantingstringereq\o\ac(○,28)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,10)（a）有槳穴艉柱（b）無舵柱艉柱（c）無舵柱懸掛舵艉柱圖3.3.4艉柱形式3.3.4艉柱形式sternframetypeseq\o\ac(○,1)舵鈕ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,2)舵柱rudderposteq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱踵材shoepieceeq\o\ac(○,4)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,5)螺旋槳柱propellerposteq\o\ac(○,6)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,7)槳穴propellercaveeq\o\ac(○,8)拱梁（頂框）archedbeam,crowneq\o\ac(○,9)上舵鈕upperruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,10)下舵鈕lowerruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)圖3.3.5艉軸架圖3.3.5艉軸架propellershaftbracketeq\o\ac(○,1)軸包撐板caststeelbracingplate,webofbossingeq\o\ac(○,2)軸包套shellbossingeq\o\ac(○,3)眼鏡形骨架spectacleframeeq\o\ac(○,4)艉軸管sternshafttubeeq\o\ac(○,5)雙槳軸線axislineoftwinscrew3.4舷側結構舷側結構指從舭部肘板到上甲板間，船體舷側的板架結構。舷側結構主要承受水的壓力和波浪沖擊力，船體上甲板以上的上層建筑以及甲板設備和貨物的重量，是保證船體橫向強度和側壁水密性的重要結構。舷側結構也分橫骨架式和縱骨架式兩種形式。eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)圖3.4.1橫骨架式船側結構圖3.4.1橫骨架式船側結構transverseframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板間橫艙壁tweendecktransversebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)圖3.4.2具有中間肋骨的橫骨架式船側結構eq\o\ac(○,3)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,4)貨艙橫艙壁transversebulkheadincargoholdeq\o\ac(○,5)船艙肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,6)甲板間肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舷側外板sideplating圖3.4.2具有中間肋骨的橫骨架式船側結構transverseframingshipsidewithintermediateframeseq\o\ac(○,1)梁肘板beamknee,beambracketeq\o\ac(○,2)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,3)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,4)中間肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,6)舭部列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)圖3.4.3加強肋骨式橫骨架舷側結構圖3.4.3加強肋骨式橫骨架舷側結構transverselyframedshipsidewithwebframeeq\o\ac(○,1)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,2)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,3)強橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,4)強肋骨webframe,deepframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舷側縱桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,6)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,8)舭部列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,4)(a)(b)圖3.4.4舷邊結構圖3.4.4舷邊結構gunwaleconstruction（a）圓弧舷邊roundedgunwale；（b）直角舷邊rightanglegunwaleeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷邊圓弧厚板gunwaleroundedthickstrakeeq\o\ac(○,4)舷邊角鋼stringerangleeq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)圖3.4.5舷墻結構圖3.4.5舷墻結構bulwarkconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷墻板bulwarkplating(plate)eq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷邊角鋼stringerangleeq\o\ac(○,4)甲板邊板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,5)扶強材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,6)扶手(bulwark)handraileq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,3)圖3.4.6縱骨架式舷側結構圖3.4.6縱骨架式舷側結構longitudinalframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)舷側板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)舷側縱骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,3)中間肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,4)強肋骨webframe，deepframeeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)(a)水平內底板(b)下傾內底邊板eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,5)(c)上傾內底邊板圖3.4.7舭部結構形式圖3.4.7舭部結構形式typesofbilgeconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷側外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,3)舭肘板bilgebracket，eq\o\ac(○,4)內底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,7)邊縫seameq\o\ac(○,8)內底邊板inner-bottommarginplateeq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)(a)木質護舷(b)鋼質護舷圖3.4.8護舷結構圖3.4.8護舷結構fenderconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)木鋪板woodsheathingeq\o\ac(○,2)水泥流水溝cementdrainingeq\o\ac(○,3)螺栓tapbolteq\o\ac(○,4)半圓扁鋼halfroundedflatplateeq\o\ac(○,5)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,6)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,7)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,10)扁鋼flatplateeq\o\ac(○,11)硬木hardwoodfendereq\o\ac(○,12)木螺釘woodscreweq\o\ac(○,13)橫向護板transverseflatsteelplateeq\o\ac(○,14)扁鋼加強筋flatplatestiffenereq\o\ac(○,15)半圓護舷鋼板halfroundedsteelfender3.5船底結構船底是船的基礎，是保證船體總縱強度、橫向強度和船底局部強度的重要結構。船底結構有雙層底結構和單層底結構兩種類型。按骨架的排列方式可分為橫骨架式結構和縱骨架式結構兩種形式。圖3.5.1橫骨架式雙層底結構transverseframingdoublebottomeq\o\ac(○,1)內底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)內底橫骨innerbottomframeeq\o\ac(○,3)透氣孔airholeeq\o\ac(○,4)內底邊板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)加強筋stiffener,reinforcingbareq\o\ac(○,7)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,8)流水孔drainholeeq\o\ac(○,9)中底桁bottomcentergirdereq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,15)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,11)船底肋骨bottomframeeq\o\ac(○,12)扶強材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,13)邊接縫sidejointeq\o\ac(○,14)框架肋板肘板bracketofwebflooreq\o\ac(○,16)加強筋stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,18)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,19)人孔manholeeq\o\ac(○,20)切口notcheq\o\ac(○,21)減輕孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)