外研版英語選修八講義Module4WhichEnglishSectionⅡIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-LanguagePointsWord版含答案

SectionⅡIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—LanguagePointsinstantlyadv.立刻，馬上conj.一……就……(＝assoonas)(教材P44)Thequalityofsomeone’svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantlyrecognisable,eventhoughyoucan’tseehimorher.一個(gè)人的音質(zhì)及措辭都能讓這個(gè)人立即被辨認(rèn)出來，即使你看不見他/她。instantn． 瞬間，剎那adj. 立刻的，立即的theinstant 一……就……inaninstant 立刻；馬上①Hesentmeane-mailinstantlyhearrivedinParis.他一到巴黎就給我發(fā)了一封電子郵件。②IaskedhimaquestionabouthowtolearnEnglishandherepliedinstantly.我一問他如何學(xué)英語，他馬上就給我答復(fù)了。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①(廣東卷)Thissitegivesyouinstant(instantly)accesstoawiderangeofinformationonstudyingandlivingintheUK.②Muchtomysurprise,sheburstintotearstheinstantshereadtheletterwrittenbyhermother.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))Assoonashearrivedatthetheatre,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimleftathome.③(高級(jí)表達(dá))Onarrivingatthetheatre,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimleftathome．(ondoing)④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Themoment/instant/minute/Instantly/Immediately/Directlyhearrivedatthetheatre,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimleftathome.⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hardly/Nosoonerhadhearrivedatthetheatrewhen/thanhefoundtheticketafriendgavehimleftathome.(hardly...when.../nosooner...than...)instantly既可作副詞，也可作連詞，有類似用法的詞還有immediately,directly等。tell...apart區(qū)分開，辨別出(教材P44)ItisalsoquiteeasytotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart.要將英式英語和美式英語分辨開來也很容易。(1)tellAandBapart＝tellAfromB＝tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 把A和B區(qū)分開來tellby... 根據(jù)……辨別(2)takesth.apart 拆開某物apartfrom 除去；除去……之外，還有①It’sdifficultformetotellthetwinsapartbecausetheyaresoalike.因?yàn)樗麄兲窳?，我很難辨別那對(duì)雙胞胎。②It’seasytotellmypillsapartbecausetheyhavedifferentcolours.我的藥片很容易區(qū)分，因?yàn)樗鼈兊念伾灰粯印鏈接寫作]——完成句子①我分不清她們姐妹倆，她們長得太像了。Ican’ttellherfromhersister.Theyaremuchalike.②我從他父母臉上的表情可以看出他們正為他擔(dān)心。Icouldtellbytheexpressiononhisparents’facesthattheywereworriedabouthim.aslongas只要(＝solongas)；和……一樣長(教材P44)Perhapscorrectnessdoesn’tmatter—aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother—it’smunicationthatcounts.也許正確與否并不要緊——只要說話的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。asgoodas... 與……一樣好；幾乎和……一樣asfaras... 遠(yuǎn)至；就……而言aswellas... 和……一樣好；除……之外，既……又……assoonas... 一……就……asmany/muchas... 多達(dá)……；和……一樣多①Thisropeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍長。②(江蘇卷)One’slifehasvalueaslongasonebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.一個(gè)人只要給別人的生活帶來價(jià)值，他的生命就是有價(jià)值的。[即學(xué)即練]——選詞填空(aslongas/aswellas/asfaras/asgoodas)①M(fèi)yparentsdon’tcarewhatjobIdoaslongasI’mhappy.②IfhefindsoutthatIamlying,Iamasgoodasdead.③(江西卷)NeverbeforehassheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.④AsfarasIamconcerned,Iamstronglyagainsttheplan.countv．很重要；數(shù)數(shù)，計(jì)算；指望(教材P44)Perhapscorrectnessdoesn’tmatter—aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother—it’smunicationthatcounts.也許正確與否并不要緊——只要說話的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。counton 依靠，依賴，指望countsb.in/out 把……算在內(nèi)/不把……算在內(nèi)countsb./sth.as... 認(rèn)為……是……①Shebegantocountuphowmanygueststheyhadtoinvite.她開始計(jì)算他們得邀請(qǐng)多少位客人。②Manypeoplewillsay，“it’sthethoughtthatcounts”whenitestogifts.一提到禮物，許多人都會(huì)說“貴在心意”。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Theworkersarehard-workingandreliable,soyoucouldcountonthemtoplete(plete)theprojectontime.②a.Goandseehowmanychairswehaveinthatclassroom,butdon’tcountinthebrokenones.b．Ifyou’regoingouttonightyou’llhavetocountmeout.Ihavetopreparefortheinterviewtomorrow.③Bethhasagoodvoice,butshehasnevercountedherselfasarealsinger.liein在于；睡懶覺(教材P44)ButthemaindifferencesbetweenAustralianEnglishandothervarietiesofEnglishlieintheindividualsoundsandintonationpatterns.但澳大利亞英語和其他英語變體的主要區(qū)別在于單音和語調(diào)模式。liedown 躺下liein/on/totheeastof... 位于……的東部/東面 (分別表示在范圍內(nèi)/交界/不交界)①Thesolutiontotheproblemliesintheimprovementoftheeconomicenvironment.這個(gè)問題的解決方法在于改善經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境。②Shetoldmethathappinessliesinhelpingotherstobehappy.她告訴我快樂的真諦在于幫助他人獲得快樂。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Youlookedpale!Pleaseliedownonthebed.Letmeexamineforyou.②China,lying(lie)intheeastofAsia,isarapidlydevelopingcountry.[鏈接寫作]——同義句轉(zhuǎn)換③Theaccidentliedinthedriver’sdrivingafterdrinkingheavily.→Thedriver’sdrivingafterdrinkingheavilyledtotheaccident.debaten．辯論；討論v．爭論；討論(教材P45)TodaythereisadebateinSingaporeaboutwhichvarietyofEnglishisthebest:Singlish,oravarietyclosertoBritishEnglish,whichistheaimoftheSpeakGoodEnglishMovementcreatedin1999.如今在新加坡還有關(guān)于哪種英語變體最好的爭論：是新加坡式英語還是一種更接近于英式英語的變體，這也是1999年開始開展“講好英語運(yùn)動(dòng)”的目的。(1)debatewithsb.about/on/oversth. 和某人就某事辯論(2)haveadebatewithsb.about/on/oversth. 與某人就某事爭論underdebate 正在討論中①Thestudentshadaheateddebateonthetopic.學(xué)生們就這個(gè)話題進(jìn)行了激烈的辯論。②(牛津詞典)Themitteewilldebatewhethertolowertheageofclubmembershipto16.委員會(huì)將討論是否將參加俱樂部的年齡限制放寬到16歲。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Wedebatedwithourmathsteacheraboutthesolutionstotheproblemsyesterday.②(湖南卷)ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogive(give)myfather.③Oneproblemunderdebateatpresentiswhatmeasuresshouldbetakentodealwiththesevereairpollution.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯他們就是否實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了激烈的辯論。④Theydebatedheatedlyaboutwhethertocarryouttheplan.(debatev．)⑤Theyhadaheateddebateaboutwhethertocarryouttheplan.(debaten．)asmany...as...……和……一樣多(教材P44)YoucouldsaythatthereareasmanyvarietiesofEnglish,oranyotherlanguageforthatmatter,astherearespeakersofit.就此而論，你可以說，對(duì)于英語，或者任何別的語言而言，有多少使用者，該語言就有多少種變體。句中“asmanyvarietiesofEnglish...astherearespeakersofit”屬于“as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)”?！癮s...as...”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形式：(1)as＋adj./adv.＋as＋比較對(duì)象(2)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as＋比較對(duì)象(3)as＋many/much/few/little/...＋名詞＋as＋比較對(duì)象①You’vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的錯(cuò)誤一樣多。②Toeattoomuchisasmuchabadthingastoeatnothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同樣是壞事。[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.②我們?cè)诓┪镳^的時(shí)間不如我期望的那么長。Wedidn’tspendasmuchtimeatthemuseumasIhadhoped.③公司現(xiàn)在雇用的女職員是男職員的四倍。Thepanynowemploysfourtimesasmanywomenasmen.as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)若有修飾成分，如twice,threetimes,half,aquarter等，則須置于第一個(gè)as之前。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Whatcounts(很重要)isnotyourappearancebutyourability.2．Youjustdipthepointofthepenininkandpressithere,thenthepenisfilledinstantly(立刻)．3．Aseriesofdebates(討論)betweenthelecturersisscheduledfornextweekend.4．Icamefromthenorthandcan’tunderstandthesoutherndialect(方言)．5．Thiskindofflowerslooksunique(獨(dú)特的)becauseyoucan’tfinditinothercountries.6．Theauthor(作者)hasillustratedthebookwithsomeexcellentpictures.7．MywallethasbeenmissingforseveraldaysandIcan’tfindanytrace(痕跡)ofit.8．TheEiffelTowerinParisisaneasilyrecognisable(可辨認(rèn)的)landmark.9．Doesitmatter(有關(guān)系)ifanincreasingnumberofpeoplespeakthesamelanguage?10．Myancestors(祖先)settledinthisplaceabout200yearsago.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．InEngland,it’seasytotellaperson’sclassfromhisspeech.from→by2．Itisdifficultforhimfinishthetaskwithintwohours.在him后加to3．Youcantakeasmuchbooksasyoulike.much→many4．Heshookmebythehandandweopenedaconversationinstant.instant→instantly5．Nothingintheparticularinthisstoreappealstome.去掉theeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)課文語法填空Englishisspokenas1.anofficiallanguageinmorethan60countriesanditcansoundvery2.different(difference)fromplacetoplace.Pronunciation,aswellasgrammarandvocabulary,canchangeveryquicklyfromoneareato3.another.Infact，thereisnot4.really(real)astandardformthateveryonecanagreeon.Perhapscorrectnessdoesn’tmatter—aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother—it’smunication5.thatcounts.Australiaisoneoftheyoungestnationsintheworld.ThefirstEnglishspeakersarrivedtherelittlemorethan200yearsago.Theyfoundapeoplewho6.hadbeenliving(live)inAustraliaformorethan50，000years—theAborigines.ManyoftheAboriginalwordssoonpassedintothelanguage.Themain7.differences(different)betweenAustralianEnglishandothervarietiesofEnglishlie8.intheindividualsoundsandintonationpatterns.ButinSingapore,Englishisasecondlanguage9.spoken(speak)byabouthalfthepopulation.ThemostmonvarietyofEnglish,whichhasbeeninfluencedinparticularbyMalayandtheChinesedialectHokkien,10.isknown(know)asSinglish.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(江蘇卷)Thewholeteamcounton_CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.2．Thekeytoresolvingtheunemploymentproblemliesincreatingmorejobopportunities.3．—Doyouhaveaminute？I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.—OK,aslongasyoumakeitshort.4．Thetwosidesdebatedwitheachotherabout/on/overwhowasthebetterforawholeday.5．(重慶卷)Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.6．Wasitwhenhewasplayingvolleyballontheplaygroundthathegothurt?7．Thegirlrantotellherteachersthatshehadbeenacceptedbyakeyuniversityinstantly(instant)shegotthenotice.8．Mybicycleandmybrother’sbicyclelooksosimilarthatit’shardformetotell(tell)themapart.9．—Johnny,whattimedidyougethomefromyourtriptoAfrica?—Hi,Dad.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.10．(2019·江西上饒高二月考)SheisanAmerican,butshelikeslearningChinese.ShesaysChineseisaspopular(popularity)alanguageasEnglish.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AEnglishisanimportantgloballanguage,butthatdoesn’tmeanit’seasytolearn.ManyexpertshavetriedtomakeEnglisheasierforstudentstolearn—buttheyweren’talwayssuccessful.In1930，ProfessorC．K.OgdenofCambridgeUniversityinventedBasicEnglish.Ithadonly850words(andjusteighteenverbs)andOgdensaidmostpeoplecouldlearnitinjustthirtyhours.TheproblemwasthatpeoplewholearnedBasicEnglishcouldwriteandsaysimplemessages,buttheycouldn’tunderstandtheanswersin“real”English.Itwasalsoimpossibletoexplainawordifitwasn’tintheBasicEnglishwordlist.Forexample，ifyouwantedawatermelon,youaskedfor“alargegreenfruitwiththeformofanegg,whichhasasweetredinsideandagoodtaste”．R．E.Zachrisson,auniversityprofessorinSweden,decidedthatthebiggestproblemforlearnersofEnglishwasspelling,soheinventedalanguagecalledAnglic.AnglicwassimilartoEnglish,butwithmuchsimplerspelling.“Father”became“faadher”，“new”became“nue”and“years”became“yeerz”.UnfortunatelyforsomestudentsofEnglish,Anglicneverbecamepopular.Eveneasieristhelanguagewhichaship’scaptainuses:it’scalled“seaspeak”.Seaspeakusesafewsimplephrasesforeverypossiblesituation.Inseaspeak,forexampleyoudon’tsay，“I’msorry.Whatdidyousay？”or“Ididn’tunderstand.Canyourepeatthat？”It’sjust“Sayagain.”Nomoregrammar.IntheageofinternationalmunicationthroughtheInternet,anewformofEnglishmightappear.Alargenumberoftheworld’semailsareinEnglishandincludeexamplesof“NetLingo”likeOIC(Oh,Isee)andTTYL(Talktoyoulater).Inanotherfiftyyears,Englishmightnotexistandwewillprobablyallspeakfluent“Internetish”．【解題導(dǎo)語】英語是全球性的語言。為了讓更多的學(xué)生掌握英語，許多專家試圖讓英語變得更容易學(xué)習(xí)——但并不是很成功。1．Itwilltakeapersonabout________weekstolearnBasicEnglishifhespendstwohourslearningiteveryday.A．six B．fourC．three D．twoD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“...Ogdensaidmostpeoplecouldlearnitinjustthirtyhours.”可知，每天學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)小時(shí)的話，大約要用兩周的時(shí)間。2．AccordingtoProfessorZachrisson,whatwasthebiggestproblemforlearnersofEnglish?A．Grammar. B．Vocabulary.C．Spelling. D．Speaking.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“，auniversityprofessorinSweden，decidedthatthebiggestproblemforlearnersofEnglishwasspelling...”可知選C項(xiàng)。3．WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeAnglic?A．Agraetbatl.B．IOU.C．Longtimenosee.D．Twofive,nolights.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“AnglicwassimilartoEnglish，butwithmuchsimplerspelling.‘Father’became‘faadher’，‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’became‘yeerz’．”可知選A項(xiàng)。4．WhatmighthappentoEnglishinanotherfiftyyears?A．Itmightbeeagloballanguage.B．Itmightbereplacedby“Internetish”．C．Itmighttaketheplaceofallotherlanguages.D．Itmightbeemoreandmoredifficult.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中“Inanotherfiftyyears，Englishmightnotexistandwewillprobablyallspeakfluent‘Internetish’．”可知選B項(xiàng)。BWildelephantscantellwhetheravoiceesfromaman,awomanoraboy,anewstudysays.That’swhatresearchersfoundwhentheyplayedrecordingsofpeopleforelephantsinKenya.Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaven’tshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisn’t.Theresultshowsthatthecleveranimalsarealsostudyingpeople,saidstudyauthorKarenMcb.“Basically,theyhavedevelopedthisveryrichknowledgeofthehumansthattheysharetheirhabitatwith，”saidMcb,aprofessorattheUniversityofSussexinEngland.“Memoryiskey.Theymustbuildupthatknowledgesomehow.”ThestudywasreleasedonMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.It’sclosetobutnotquiteliketheDr.Seussbook,wheretheelephantHortonhearssomethingthatotherscan’thear.McbandcolleagueswenttoAmboseliNationalParkinKenya,wherehundredsofwildelephantsliveamonghumans,sometimesinginconflictoverscarcewater.ThescientistsusedvoicerecordingsofMaasaimen,whoonoccasionkillelephants,andKambamen，whoarelessofathreattotheelephants.Asaresult,theelephantsreactedmoredefensively—retreatingandgatheringinabunch—totheMaasailanguagerecordingbecauseitwasassociatedwiththemorethreateninghumantribe，saidstudyco-authorGraemeShannon.TheyrepeatedtheexperimentwithrecordingsofMaasaimenandwomen.Sincewomenalmostneverspearelephants，theanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomen’svoices.Thesamethinghappenedwhentheysubstitutedyoungboys’voices.“Makingthiskindoffinedistinctionsinhumanvoicepatternsisquiteremarkable，”saidEmoryUniversityanimalcognitionexpertFransdeWaal，whowasnotpartofthestudy.【解題導(dǎo)語】研究表明野生大象能夠識(shí)別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰能對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生威脅。5．Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A．FransdeWaalandKarenMcb.B．Dr.SeussandGraemeShannon.C．GraemeShannonandFransdeWaal.D．KarenMcbandGraemeShannon.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“studyauthorKarenMcb”和第六段中的“studyco-authorGraemeShannon”可知，KarenMcb和GraemeShannon都參加了研究，故選D項(xiàng)。6．Whatcanwildelephantsbenefitfromtheirspecialability?A．Identifyingandavoidingpossibledanger.B．Growingmuchfasterthananyotheranimals.C．Havingabetterunderstandingofhumans.D．Developingtheirlanguageskills.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaven’tshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisn’t.”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰能對(duì)他們?cè)斐赏{，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險(xiǎn)，故A項(xiàng)是正確的。7．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“substituted”inthelastparagraph?A．distinguished B．repeatedC．used D．paredC解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句中的“Thesamethinghappened”指的是前一句中的“theanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomen’svoices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對(duì)年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應(yīng)，說明當(dāng)時(shí)研究者在對(duì)野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，故選C項(xiàng)。8．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Wildelephantscandistinguishhumanlanguages.B．Theconflictbetweenhumansandwildelephantsisgrowing.C．Wildelephantsuselanguageskillstomakediscrimination.D．Wildelephantscanbuildupgoodmemoryandlearntricks.A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句中的“Wildelephantscantellwhetheravoiceesfromaman，awomanoraboy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(xiàng)(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語言)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七選五HowtoMakeGoodConversation“Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.”Itotallyagreewiththispoint.Conversationisthemainpartofeveryone’sdailylife.1.________What’smore,goodconversationisthemostinterestingpartforus.Inmyview,youshouldpayattentiontothefollowingthreeissuestomakegoodconversation.Tostartgoodconversationwe’dbetterpreparesomequestions.2.________Wecanasksomequestionstoshowourpolitenessandcareforothers.Like,doyouhaveagoodsleeplastnight?Orwhatdoyoudoinyoursparetime?Thinktwicebeforeyouthrowaquestiontoothers.3．________Weshouldpayattentiontowhatotherssaidandthinkintheirshoes.Allowtheotherstodomostofthetalking.Bepatientandholdinterestfortheirmentsandmakesomenoisetoshowyouarelisteningcarefully.