非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doing(自制答案版)

PAGEPAGE5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Ving一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法定義：在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的各種句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分類：1.不定式（主動(dòng)/將來/具體/）:HedecidedtoworkhardatEnglish.2.-Ving形式2.1動(dòng)名詞（主動(dòng)/習(xí)慣/抽象）：Learningisimportanttous.2.2現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行）:Westoodthere,chatting.3.-ed形式(過去分詞)（被動(dòng)/完成）:ThenovelwrittenbyMoYanisveryimportant.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但是可以充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其他句子成分。如：主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)doing√√√√√√todo√√√√√√ed√√√√找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并判斷成分1.Makingourcitygreeneriseveryone’sduty.主語(yǔ)2.Thegovernmentisdeterminedtocontinuethegreenprogram.目的狀語(yǔ)3.Ifindmyhometownchangedsomuch.賓補(bǔ)4.Havingfreshair,treescanreduceairpollution.狀語(yǔ)5.Everyefforttomaketheprogrammakesadifference.定語(yǔ)Ving的幾個(gè)形勢(shì)變化一般式（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）doingbeingdone（被動(dòng)式）完成式（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前）havingdonehavingbeendone（被動(dòng)式）動(dòng)名詞的形式：doing否定式：not+doing（1）一般式：常用來表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Doyouknowtheman__talking____(talk)toourheadteacher?（2）一般式的被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作Hecametothepartywithout_beinginvited______(invite)．他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。（3）完成式：所表示的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前（已經(jīng)完成的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作）_Havingfinished______(finish)hiswork,hewenttothepartywithjoy.（4）完成被動(dòng)式：表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前（已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作）__Havingbeenshown_______(show)aroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrarynext.（5）否定式：not+動(dòng)名詞Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。（6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+動(dòng)名詞在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮?。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英語(yǔ)給他帶來許多麻煩。1.作主語(yǔ)：表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為、經(jīng)驗(yàn)用-ing形式；__Reading______(read)aloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。_Collecting_______(collect)stampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)也有用it作形式主語(yǔ)的，常見句式有：A：It’snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingB:It’snice/fun/useless/worthdoingEg.It'snouse__quarreling_______(quarrel).爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。2.作表語(yǔ)：①說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容②像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人……的(事物)”；Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis_laying_/tolay___(lay)eggs.在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。3.作賓語(yǔ)：A:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）,mind,permit,forbid,practice,risk（冒險(xiǎn)）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地）等詞后B：在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式C：在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。thinkof,dreamof,befondof,,insiston,feellike,,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin注意to是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如be/getusedto,beaccustomedto(習(xí)慣于),contribute…to…,devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）,payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）D：含介詞的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困難haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艱難thereisno+n.(sense/use除了need之外)indoing做……是沒有理由/道理的E.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語(yǔ)物主代詞/名詞所有格+doingDoyoumindmy_opening_____(open)thewindow?Therainpreventshis_going____(go)toschool.Eg.Theyhaven'tfinished_building_______(build)thedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。Wehavetopreventtheairfrom__beingpolluted______(pollute).我們必須阻止空氣被污染。Iamlookingforwardto_meeting____(meet)thestudentsfromAmerica.Whenherealizedhewasinpoorhealth,hefinallydecidedtogiveup_smoking____(smoke).Ireallyappreciateyour_helping______(help)mewhenIwasintrouble.Weshoulddowhatwecantopreventtheearth_becoming_______(become)toohottoliveon.此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。有些動(dòng)詞可以加todo不定式也可以加doing做賓語(yǔ)但是兩者表示的意義不相同，對(duì)比：A:remember/forget/regret+todo/doingB:goon/stop+todo/doingC:try+todo/doing4.作定語(yǔ)：a.表示用途b.表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Hecan'twalkwithouta_walking_________(walk)stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。Doyouknowthegirl_standing_______(stand)underthetreenow?當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)放在名詞后Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改為themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常跟在這些詞see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch之后如：seesb.doingsthEg.Canyouhearher_singing______(sing)thesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？Hekeptthecar__waiting_____(wait)atthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來或全過程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點(diǎn)：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(2)在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。(3)在make,let,have等使役動(dòng)詞和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。(4)在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。(5)getsb.todosth.=havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(主動(dòng)、將來);get/have…doing使……處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù));getsth.done=havesth.done請(qǐng)人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。(6)makeoneself后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。6.作狀語(yǔ)：(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)①作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(While)_working_(work)inthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。②作原因狀語(yǔ)：_Being____(be)aLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨：Hestayedathome,_cleaning______(clean)and_washing______(wash).他呆在家里，又擦又洗。④作條件狀語(yǔ)：(If)_playing_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。⑤作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：表示自然而然的結(jié)果。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果Hedroppedtheglass,_breaking____(break)itintopieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。⑥作讓步狀語(yǔ)：Though_raining_____(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。⑦與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格做垂懸狀語(yǔ)：-ing形式的獨(dú)立成分還有judgingby/from(根據(jù)…判斷),generallyspeaking(一般說來)，strictlyspeaking(嚴(yán)格說來),franklyspeaking(坦率地說),weatherpermitting(天氣允許)等。I_waiting_____(wait)forthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。Time_permitting______(permit),we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。_Judging______(judge)fromhisaccent,hemaybefromAfrica.有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式Withthelights_burning______(burn),hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。Exercise:1.Therearealotofstudents_waiting________(wait)towelcometheforeignteachers.2.Thebuilding__beingbuilt__________(build)willbeservedasourdining-hall.3.Thereare3problems__remaining________(remain)tobesolved.4._Hearing______(hear)thenews,theyjumpedwithjoy5.Not_knowing________(know)hisaddress,wehavenowaytogetintouchwithhim.6.Theysentalettertome,_hoping_______(hope)togetmysupport.7.__Havingworked/Working________(work)withhimformanyyears,Iknowshimverywell.8.__Havingfailed__________(fail)twice,shedidn’twanttohaveanothertry.9.Youshouldbecarefulwhile__crossing_____(cross)thestreet.10.Hewentout,_shutting______(shut)thedoorfrombehind.11._Believing________(believe)thatJuliethaddied,Romeodecidedtokillhimself.12.JustnowImetagirlhere_looking_______(look)likeanurse.13._Adding__________(add)upthefigures,we’llfindthecorrectanswers.14.Not__feeling______(feel)comfortable,Iwenttoseeadoctor.15.Helenborrowedadictionaryfromme,_saying________(say)thatshewouldreturnittomesoon.16.Generally__speaking_______(speak),theharderyouwork,themoreyougain.17.Withherbaby_sleeping_______(sleep)onherback,shewentoncleaningtheroom.18._Writing________(write)smoothly,thiskindofpensellswellinourschool.19.Your_drinking_________(drink)toomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.20.Hehasdevotedhimselfto___helping______(help)thepoor.非謂語(yǔ)題的解題總方法與思路：1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨明是否作非謂語(yǔ)。一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），又沒有連詞的情況下，又有別的動(dòng)詞。也就是說如果一部分是句子時(shí)，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2.定語(yǔ)態(tài)(找邏輯主語(yǔ))：如果本句的主語(yǔ)（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語(yǔ)）與它是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語(yǔ)（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語(yǔ)）與它是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定時(shí)態(tài)：如果非謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作比謂語(yǔ)先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用完成式，否則我們要用非謂語(yǔ)的一般式三、運(yùn)用于寫作中.適用范圍：中文翻譯中有合適的動(dòng)詞可作