專題08書面表達(dá)之概要寫作-2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)題型分類沖刺練（解析版） - 副本

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)08概要寫作Passage1（2021·福建三明市·高二期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Althoughmostgameshavewinnersandlosers,thegoalofsportsisnottowineverygame.Therealgoalsincludegettingexercise,havingfun,andlearningimportantsocialskills,likesportsmanship.Goodsportsmanshipisallaboutrespect.Goodsports(具有運(yùn)動(dòng)家品格的人)respecttheotherplayersontheirteam.Theyrespecttheplayersonopposingteams.Theyrespectcoaches,andtheyalsorespecttherefereesorotherofficialsinvolvedintheirgames.Onthecontrary,badsportsmanshipisallaboutdisrespect.Theyyellattheirteammatesandtheytalkbacktocoachesorreferees.Kidsusuallylearnsportsmanship-goodandbad-fromtheadultsintheirlives.Players'parentsandcoachessetexamplesthatkidstendtofollow.Ifparentsandcoachesshowdisrespecttootherfans,referees,oreachother,kidswilllikelyactthesamewayonthefield.Goodsportsmanshipcanbeshowninmanyways.Someofthemareverybasicandeasytodo,likeshakinghandswithotherplayersbeforeagame.Otherexamplesmaytakealittlemorecourage,suchasacknowledgingagreatplaymadebytheopposingteam.Learninggoodsportsmanshipisimportantbecauseithelpsyoudevelopanattitudeofgraciousness(禮貌)andrespectthatwillcarryoverintoalltheotherareasofyourlife!Ifyou'reagoodsportonthefield,you'llalsolikelybeagoodsportintheclassroom.Beingagoodsportintheclassroomwilleventuallyleadtobeingagoodsportintheworkplace.Sobeagoodsportinwhateveryoudo!Theexampleyousetcanbeapowerfulteachingtoolforothers.Whenothersseeyouactinginawaythatmakesitclearthatwinningisn'tthemostimportantthing,youcanmoveontofocusingontheimportantthings,likehavingfun,gettingexercise,andimprovingyourskills.Passage2（2021·上海市奉賢中學(xué)高二期末）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Youthinthe21stCenturyItseemsthateveryoneistalkingnegativelyaboutthe"Youthoftoday",EveryTVprogrammethesubjectshowsthreateningyoungpeople.Itishardtofindanythingthatshowsyoungpeopleinapositivelight.Inthiscountrywethinktheelderlysufferthegreatestdiscrimination,butreadanyofthereportswrittenonyouthdiscriminationandanyonecanseethatyoungpeopleareprobablythelargestgroupinsocietytobediscriminatedagainst.ArecentsurveyundertakenbytheChildren'sRightsAllianceforEngland(CRAE)showsthat49%ofthe7to17-year-oldssurveyedhaveexperiencedunfairtreatmentbecauseoftheirage.Aroundaquarterofthemsaytheyaretreatedunfairlyduringeverydayactivities.Shopkeepersroutinelyfollowthemaroundtheshoporexcludethem,busdriverswon'tstopforthemandwhentheyareingroups,thepoliceorderthemtomoveon.AlloftheyoungpeopleIknowareawarethatmodernsocietytreatsthemunfairly.I'vegottwosons,aged14and16,andbothofthemhavebeenstoppedfromenteringshopswiththeirfriendsbecausethereisapolicyofonlyallowingtwoyouths'intheshopatonetime.Neitherofthemhavearecordofunrulybehaviourandtheyhatetheimplicationthatallyoungpeoplearepotentialthieves.Idon'tthinkeitherofmyboysdeservesuchtreatment-andfromwhattheysaynoneoftheirfriendsdoeither.Therearemorethan11millionunder-18-year-oldsinEnglandandevidenceshowsthatthevastmajoritypositivelyparticipatewithintheircommunities,contributingtothearts,sportsandachievingwellatschool.However,noTVprogrammesreportthat!BarbaraHeam,DeputyChiefExecutiveoftheNationalChildren'sBureau,rightlysays,Equalityisforeveryone,includingforouryoungestcitizens.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage3（2021·山東威海市·高二期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Onionsareknownforflavoringthosedeliciousdishes,butdidyouknowthattheywerealsonutritious?It'strue!Theseflavorfulonionscontainatonofnutrientsthatareimportantforouroverallwell-being.Let’sseemoreaboutonionnutritionandwhythey'resogoodforyou.Herearethenutritionfactsforonions,accordingtotheUSDA．Onionsareverylowincaloriesanddohavealittlebitofcarbohydratesandnaturalsugars—that'swhytheygetsweetwhenyoucookthem.Here'swhatyougetinonemediumonion.Calories44Cholesterol0mgSugars5gTotalFat0gSodium4mgProtein1gSaturatedFat0gTotalCarbohydrates10gCalcium25mgTransFat0gDietaryFiber2gPotassium160mgOnionscontainseveralvitaminsandmineralsandtheyhavebeenshowntopromotehealthinmanyways.Inancienttimes,onionswereusedforfoodwhenfoodsourcesgotlow,andformedicinalpurposestotreatillnesssuchasheadaches,colds,andheartdisease.Onionscontainanti-inflammatorypropertiesthatmayhelpreducetheattackofhighbloodpressure.Oneofpowerfulantioxidantsthatisresponsibleforthishealthbenefitisquercetin.Quercetinisaflavonoidantioxidantthathasbeenassociatedwithdecreasingtheriskofheartdisease.Forcenturies,onionshavebeenusedtofightoffdangerousbacteria(細(xì)菌).Quercetin,isalsoresponsibleforthisbacteria-fightingbenefit.Accordingtorecentstudies,thegrowthofbacteria,likeH.pyloriandMRSAwerecontrolledwhentheywerepairedwithquercetintakenfromyellowonions.Researchindicatesthatonionsmayhelppeoplewithdiabetes(糖尿病)lowertheirbloodsugar.Thisisduetothesulfurcompoundsfoundinonions,specificallyS-methylcysteineandquercetin.Thesecompoundshavebeenassociatedwithregulatingone’sbloodsugar.Eatanonion.Well,maybenotawholeonionatonesitting,butdefinitelytryaddingthemtoyournextrecipe.Passage42021·浙江寧波市·高二期末）概要寫作Peoplehavebeenexpressingtheirtheirthoughtsandideasthroughartforthousandsofyears.Todothis,theyhaveusedavarietyoftoolsandtechnologies.YetMichelangeloandothershavebeenlabeledas“artists”ratherthan“technicians”.Thismeansthatartandtechnologyhavealwaysbeenseenastwoveryseparatethings.Today,however,technologicaladvanceshaveledtoacombinationofartandtechnology.Theartworldischanginggreatlyasaresultofthecombination.Nowartismoreaccessibletousthaneverbefore.TakeforexampleoneofChina'smostfamouspaintingsfromthesongdynasty,alongtheriverduringtheQingmingFestvial.Thankstotechnology,millionsmorepeoplehavebeenabletoexperienceadigitalversionofthispainting.Three-dimensional(3D)animationmeansthatviewerscanseethecharactersmovearoundandinteractwiththeirsurroundings.Theycanalsowatchasthedifferentsceneschangefromdaylightintonighttime.Theart-techcombinationisalsochangingourconceptof“art”andthe“artist”.Notonlycanweinteractwithartbutalsowecantakepartinitscreation.Withnewtechnologicaltoolsatourfingertips,moreandmorepeopleareexploringtheircreativesides.Theresulthasbeenexcitingnewartforms,suchasdigitalpaintingsandvideos.However,suchdevelopmentsaremakingthelinebetweenartandtechnologylessdistinct.Cansomeoneunfamiliarwithtraditionalartists'toolsreallycallthemselvesan“artist”?Andistheartistthecreatorofartitself,orthemakerofthetechnologybehindit?ArecentprojectusedtechnologyanddatainthesamewaythatRembrandtusedhispaintsandbrushes.Theendresult,printedin3Dwasanew“Rembrandtpainting”created347yearsaftertheartist'sdeath.Theseadvancesareperhapsbringingusclosertoatimewhencomputersratherthanhumanscreateart.Passage5（2020·福建漳州市·高二期末）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whileyouaretravelingabroad,culturalmistakesaremoreseriousthanlanguagemistakes,whichcanleadtoseriousmisunderstandingandevenill-feelingbetweenpeople.Lookoutforthefollowingculturalmistakesandtrytoavoidthem.TouchingSomeonePersonalspacevariesasyoutravelaroundtheglobe.InMediterraneancountries,ifyoudon'ttouchsomeone'sarmwhentalkingtothemorifyoudon'tgreetthemwithkissesorawarmhug,you'llbeconsideredcold.Butbackslap(拍背)someonewhoisn'tafamilymemberoragoodfriendinKorea,andyou'llmakethemuncomfortable.InThailand,theheadisconsideredsacred(神圣的)-neverevenpatachildonthehead.TalkingOverDinnerInsomecountries,likeChina,JapanandsomeAfricannations,thefood'sthething,sodon'tstartchattingaboutyourday'sadventureswhileeveryoneelseisdiggingintodinner.You'llbelikelytomeetwithsilence.It'snotbecauseyourgroupisunfriendly,butbecausemealtimesareforeating,nottalking.RemovingYourShoesorNotTakeoffyourshoeswhenarrivingatthedoorofaLondondinnerpartyandthehostesswillfindyourude,butfailtoremoveyourshoesbeforeenteringahomeinAsia,Hawaii,orthePacificIslandsandyou'llbeconsidereddisrespectful.So,ifyouseearowofshoesatthedoor,startundoingyourlaces(解開(kāi)鞋帶).Ifnot,keeptheshoeson.Onceyouareonthegroundofadifferentcountry,remainhighlysensitivetonativebehavior.Neverbecompletelysurprisedbyanything.Anddon'tfeelhurtorupsetifsomethingseemsoffensive(冒犯的)-likequeuejumping.Afterall,thisisaglobalvillage,andweareallverydifferent.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage6（2021·上海奉賢區(qū)致遠(yuǎn)高級(jí)中學(xué)高二期末）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Haveyoueverheardyourownvoiceplayedback?Otherpeoplehearusdifferentlyfromhowwehearourselves.Thesameistrueofhowweseeourselves.Eachofushasadifferentself-concept.Ourself-conceptistheviewyouhaveofyourself.Itmayormaynotmirrorthewayotherpeopleviewyou.Thismuchisclear.Havingapositiveself-conceptisanimportantpartofgoodmentalhealth.Yourself-conceptstartsformingwhenyouareveryyoung.Parentsorguardiansarethefirstandgreatestinfluence.Howtheyspeaktoyouandtreatyouhavealastingeffect.Grandparentssisters,brothers,andrelativeshaveaneffecttoo.Yourskillsandabilitiesalsoshapeyourself-concept.Youmayseeyourselfasagoodbasketballplayeroragoodsinger.Youmayfeelyouaregoodatwritingstoriesbutaverageinmath.Howyouviewyourtalentsandabilitiesinfluencesyouroverallself-concept.Developingapositiveself-conceptisanimportantpartofemotionalhealth.Focusonyourstrengthsratherthanyourweaknesses.Whenyoufocusonyourweaknesses,youmaybegintofeelthatyouarenotgoodatanything.Instead,identifywhatyoudowellandwhatyouenjoydoingThiswillhelpyoudevelopapositiveself-concept.Seeingyourselfinapositivewaywillhelpyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.Familymembers,friends,andteachersreinforce,orsupportyourself-conceptthroughmessages.Someofthemessagesfrompeoplearoundyouarespokenorwritten.Otherstaketheformoflooksorgestures."Waytogo!"isanexampleofapositivewordmessage.Youmaythinkyoudidwellonaschoolproject.HavingyourParentorteachertellyouthatyoudidagoodjobreinforcesyourbelief.Keepinmindthatsendingpositivemessagesisatwo-waystreet.Whenyousupportothers,theyarelikelytosupportyou,too.Passage7（2021·張家口市宣化第一中學(xué)高二期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要.Peoplehaveacomplicatedrelationshipwithfailure.Whilethebasicideaoflearningfromfailureissupportedbyevidence,mostpeoplefearitfortheirkids.Noparentwantstoseetheirchildrenfail.Failinghurts.ItishardtoseeyourdaughterpourherheartintostudyingforaMathtest,onlytogetaC．Youwantyourchildrentosucceed,butmostofallyoudon'twanttoseethemsuffer.Theworldoftenseeschildrenasareflectionoftheirparents.Thecommonbeliefisthatwhenyourteenfails,itreflectspoorlyonyou.Noonewantstobejudged.Asaresult,parentsslowlytakeovertheresponsibilityof"managing"academics,athleticsandrelationshipstopreventfailureandpain.Butfailureisapartofgrowing.Eventhoughyouhavethebestintentions,youhavetoletyourkidsfail.Teachingyourchildrenaboutfailurechangesyourrelationshipfroma"Responsiblefor"mindset(心態(tài))tooneof"Responsibleto."Ratherthanfeelingresponsibleforyourdaughterandheractions,youfeelresponsibletoteachandletherdealwiththesituation.Feeling"responsiblefor"children'sactionscanleadtoparentsovercompensating(過(guò)度補(bǔ)償)forrealorpotentialweaknesses.Skillslikeconflictsolution,problem-solvinganddealingwithauthorityfiguresareimportantdevelopmentmarkersforteenagers.Whenparentsovercompensateforchildren'sweaknessestheyrobteensofopportunitiestoimprovedevelopmentalskills.Feeling"responsibleto"teachandguidechildrenallowsparentstocreatespaceforfailureandchallenges.Teenagerscanthenusethisspacetoperfecttheseimportantdevelopmentalskills.Overtime,theweaknessesbecomestrengths.Whenyourchildrenfail,youdon'thavetoloweryourstandardsforyourkids,butyoumayhavetochangeexpectations.Remember,whenyoufeelresponsibletogiveyourchildrenmorefreedom,itchangeshowyoudealwithfailure.Failurebecomesasteppingstonetosuccessratherthansomethingtobeavoided.Passage8（2020·上海市金山中學(xué)高二期末）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Therearenowmanyproductsandservicesonthemarketwhicharesimilarincontentthoughproducedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,foracompanytodistinguishitselffromitscompetitorsbyhavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediatelyrecognizable.Logosarepartofthisimage.Theyaresymbolswhichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.Thelogoestablishesavisualidentityforthecompany,justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesandthroughouttheageshaveusedcolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.Indifferentcultures,differentcolorscarrydifferentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwithwarmthinanother;somecolorsrepresentlifeinoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave,therefore,tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodindifferentcountries.Thelogosoflargeinternationalcompaniesareinstantlyrecognizablethroughouttheworld.OneofthemostfamouslogosisthatofCoca-Cola.Thedesignofthewords“Coca-Cola”hasnotchangedsince1886,althoughthesurroundingdesignhasbeenchangedfromtimetotime.Manycompanieshave,overtheyears,renewedtheirlogostofitinwithcontemporarydesignandtopresentmorepowerfulimages.Companylogoscanbeemotiveandcaninspireloyaltybyinfluencingthesubconscious(潛意識(shí)的).Somelogosincludeanideaoftheproduct:thesteeringwheelintheMercedeslogo,forexample,andtheaeroplanetailofAlitalia.Logosareusedonpackagingandbrochuresaswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertisingcampaign,Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageandtofixitinthemindsoftheconsumers.Logos,therefore,needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.Passage9（2020·遵化市教育局中學(xué)教研室高二期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Retirementisthepointwhereapersonstopsemploymentcompletely.The“standard”retirementagevariesfromcountrytocountry,butitisgenerallybetween50and70,accordingtothelateststatistics,2011.However,foralongtime,peoplehavegotintoanargumentaboutwhethertheageofretirementshouldbeincreasedorreducedintheirowncountries.Thereareseveralargumentsforallowingolderpeopletocontinueworkingaslongastheyareable.Manypeoplethinkthatolderemployeeshavealargeamountofknowledgeandexperiencewhichcanbelosttoabusinessororganizationiftheyaremadetoretire.Besides,olderemployeesareoftenextremelyfaithfulemployeesandaremorewillingtoimplement(執(zhí)行)companypoliciesthantheyoung.AmoreimportantPointisregardingtheattitudesinsocietytooldpeople.Toforcesomeonetoresignorretireat60or65indicatesthatthesocietydoesnotvaluetheinputofthesepeopleandthatpracticallytheirusefullifeisover.Allowingoldpeopletoworkindefinitely(無(wú)限地),however,isnotalwaysagoodpolicy.Somepeopletookthestrongviewthatagealoneisnoguaranteeofability.Manyyoungemployeeshavemoreexperienceorskillsthanolderstaff,whomayhavebeenstuckinoneareaformostoftheirworkinglives.Havingcompulsory(強(qiáng)制性的)retirementallowsnewideasinanorganization.Ontheotherhand,olderpeopleshouldberewardedbysocietyfortheirlife’slaborbybeinggivengenerouspensions(退休金)andthefreedomtoenjoyleisure.Theycanhavetimetodowhatevertheylike,thatis,theycanhavetheirownplansorrolesandachievetheirretirementgoals.Withmanyyoungpeopleunemployedorfrustratedinlow-levelpositions,thereareoftencallstocompulsorilyretireolderworkers.However,thiscanaffecttheolderindividual’sfreedom—andright—towork.Inmyopinion,givingworkersmorechoicesovertheirretirementagewillbenefitbothsocietyandtheindividual._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage10（2019·浙江臺(tái)州市·高二期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Weoftenthinkhowfastwelearnsomethingisafunctionofhowsmartweare.Ifyourbrainisabsorbingmaterialquickly,youareintelligent;ifnot,yourIQisworryinglylow.Butscienceshowssmallchangesoftheformat（格式）youusetoread—likethosebetweenaudiobooks（有聲讀物）andphysicalbooks—canmakeahugedifferencetohowfastwelearn.Audiobookshaveplentyofadvantages.Youcanenjoythemanywhere,evenwhenyouareinthecarortakingawalk.Lessfluentreadersoftenfindthemmoreconvenientandabsorbing.Butaccordingtothelatestresearch,ifyourgoalisn’ttopassthetimeintrafficorinthegym,butinsteadtolearnsomethingdifficult,youshouldcertainlychooseaphysicalbook.A2010studyfoundthatthosewhoreadastoryfromabookremembereddetailsandtheorderofeventsbetterthanthosewholistenedtoitandthereforeperformedmuchbetteronaquizafter.Whycanphysicalbookshelpusunderstandlearningmaterialsbetter?Twofactorsarelikelyatplay.First,mostofusreadmoreslowlythanwelisten,andwhenyou’retryingtoabsorbnewinformation,beingslowertendstobebetter.Second,physicalbooksoffervisualcluesthathelpourbrainsorganizeandunderstandnewinformation.Thingslikechapterbreaks,subheadings,andlistsaidusinmakingsenseofthematerialandunderstandinghowitfitstogether.Youloseallthatwhenyougotheaudioroute.Sothebottomlineissimple:Ifyouwanttogetsomelightreadingduringatriporaworkout,obviouslypickaudio.However,ifyouwanttomakeitaseasyaspossibletolearnsomethinghard,beawareofaudio’slimitationsandseriouslyconsiderchoosinggoodold-fashionedreadinginstead.Youmightbesurprisedhowfastyoufollowthematerial.【答案】1．Oneoftherealpurposesofgamesistogaingoodsportsmanship,whichteachespeopletorespectothersliketheiropponentsandcoaches.Andadultsplayavitalpartinleadingchildrentolearnit.Peoplecanshowgoodsportsmanshipindifferentwaysandithaspositiveeffectsontheirlife.Sonomaterwhatyoudo，trytobeagoodsportandyoucanmakearealdifference.2．NoTVprogrammetalksnegativelyabouttheyouth.Wealwaysthinktheelderlysufferthediscriminationmost,butinfact,youngpeoplearepossiblythelargestgroupdiscriminatedinsociety.Astherecentsurveyshows,49%ofthe7to17yearsoldchildrenaretreatedunfairlyduetotheirage.However,mostofthemperformactivelywithintheircommunities.3．范例1：Onionsarenotonlymakingdishesdelicious,butalsoextremelynutritiouswithvitaminsandmineralswhichhelptopromoteimpressivehealthbenefits.Theycanhelptoimprovehearthealth,fightoffdangerousbacteriaandregulatebloodsugars.Soaddingmoreonionstoyourdietisagreatwaytobenefityouroverallhealth.(53)范例2：Apartfrombeinganaturalflavor,theonionisapromotertoourhealthbecauseit’srichinvitaminsandmineralsbutlowincalories.Certainsubstanceinonions,likequercetin,canreducehighbloodpressure,fightagainstthebacteria,andregulatebloodsugareffectively.Thus,onionsarehighlyrecommendedtobeincludedinyourdiet.(56)范例3：Richinnutrition,onionsarebeneficialtopeople’shealth.Withrichvitaminsandminerals,theywereusedtotreatillnessesinancienttimes.Nowadays,quercetin-theanti-bacteriasubstancesinonionshelpsfightingagainstbacteria,reducinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Besides,thesulfurcompoundsinonionsishelpfultopeoplewithdiabetes.So,whynotaddonionstoyourrecipe!(60)范例4：Onionsnotonlyflavordeliciousdishesbutalsoarenutritious.Lowincaloriesandsugarbutrichinvitaminsandvariousminerals,onionsdogreatgoodtoourhealth.Forexample,onionscanbeusedtoreducetheattackofhighbloodpressure,fightoffdangerousbacteriaandlowerbloodsugarofpeoplewithdiabetes.Asaresult,onionsarerecommendedinyourdailyrecipe.(64)范例5：Onionsarerichinnutrients,likevitaminsandminerals,butlowincalories,whichisgoodforhealth.That’swhyonionscanbeusedasmedicinesbesidesflavorandfood.Theycanreducetheriskofheartdisease,killbacteriaandhelpcontrolbloodsugar.Nexttimeaddonionstoyourrecipe.（52）4．Peoplehavealwaysviewedartandtechnologyasunrelatedthings.Butnowadaystheyhavebeencombinedduetotechnologicaladvances.Thecombinationisleadingtothegreatchangeoftheartworld,whichmakesartmoreaccessible.Besides,itischangingourideasofartandtheartistaswecanhaveinteractionwithartandcreatenewforms.Nevertheless,thes