專題20 上海高考說明文閱讀技巧點睛（解析版）

?專題20上海高考說明文閱讀技巧點睛_________________________________________________________________________________________考點精考點精講【考情鏈接】上海高考英語關于閱讀理解要求考生讀懂簡易的英語文學作品、科普文章、公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章并回答相關問題。文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，包括記敘文、新聞報道、應用文、說明文、議論文等。以下梳理說明文體裁主要閱讀技巧?！疽c梳理】[方法1]細節(jié)理解題說明文通常突出介紹事件的過程、步驟和方法，同時通過具體的事例、數字、定義或圖表等加以說明，所以該文體中的細節(jié)理解題常常和這些過程、步驟、方法、事例、數字、定義、圖表等相關?？忌忸}時一定要準確地理解這些事實細節(jié)，進而做好相關的細節(jié)理解題。【典例】（2023寶山一模）Whendisasterstrikesacommunity,itisoftencriticalthatassistancebeprovidedrightaway.Thebestfirstrespondersarethepeoplewhocallthatareahome.TheCommunityEmergencyResponseTeam(CERT)programteachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheircommunities.Teamsofvolunteersaretrainedinbasicskillssuchasfiresafetyandprevention,searchandrescue,andfirstaid.Aftertraining,thesevolunteerscanbegintoprovideimmediateassistanceintheconsequenceofdisastersbeforeprofessionalrescuersarrive.43.Accordingtothepassage,whendoCERTmembersusuallyprovideassistance?A.Beforethoseprofessionalrescuersarrive. B.Whenuniformedemergencyrespondersarrive.C.Duringtheearlystagesofadisastrousevent. D.Throughouttheprocessofrescueinadisaster.【答案】43.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了社區(qū)應急響應小組（CERT）項目教平民如何為可能影響他們社區(qū)的危險做好準備。說明了CERT團隊可以對社區(qū)產生巨大的影響，介紹了其積極作用以及人們對其的看法?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“TheCommunityEmergencyResponseTeam(CERT)programteachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheircommunities..……(社區(qū)應急響應小組（CERT）項目教平民如何為可能影響他們社區(qū)的危險做好準備。志愿者隊伍接受消防安全和預防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培訓。經過培訓，這些志愿者可以在專業(yè)救援人員到達之前，在災難發(fā)生后立即提供援助)”可知，CERT成員通常在災難中救援的整個過程提供幫助。故選D。[方法2]主旨大意題說明文中的主旨大意題通常會體現作者寫作的目的、文章主題思想、段落大意及閱讀人群、文章出處等。這樣，考生需要根據文章或段落的主題句、作者說明的主要內容等信息確定和主旨大意相關的試題，從而做出正確的選擇?！镜淅?2023靜安一模)AsChristmasapproached,thepriceofturkeywentwild.Itdidn’trocket,assomemightsuggest.Nordiditcrash.Itjuststartedwaving.Weliveintheageofthevariableprices.Intheeyesofsellers,therightprice—theonethatwilldrawthemostprofitfromconsumers’wallets—hasbecomethefocusofhugeexperiments.Thesesortsofpriceexperimentshavebecomearoutinepartoffindingthatrightprice.Itmaycomeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefullydesignedsocial-scienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlinecomparisonshoppinghasbrought.Simplyput,theconveniencetoknowthepriceofanything,anytime,anywhere,hasgivenus,theconsumers,somuchpowerthatsellers—inadesperateefforttoregaintheupperhand,oratleastavoidextinction—arenowstaringbackthroughthescreen.Theyaretryingto“comparisonshopping”us.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofonlineshoppingovertraditionalshopping.B.Measuressellerstaketomaximizeprofits.C.Theanalysisofpricingmechanism.D.ThebattlebetweenbuyersandsellersinInternetage.【答案】46.C【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述在網絡時代，因為受到很多因素的影響，物品的價格不再是一成不變的了，文章對定價機制進行了分析【46題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第二段“Itmaycomeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefullydesignedsocial-scienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlinecomparisonshoppinghasbrought.(買餡餅時，你可能會參加一個精心設計的社會科學實驗，這可能會讓人感到驚訝。但這就是網上比價購物所帶來的。)”和最后一段““IntheInternetera,Idon’tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowcomplicatedthesestrategieshavebecome,”saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.(哈佛大學教授羅伯特·多蘭表示：“在互聯(lián)網時代，我認為沒有人能夠預測這些策略會變得多么復雜?！薄?”可知，這篇文章主要講述在網絡時代，因為受到很多因素的影響，物品的價格不再是一成不變的了，文章對定價機制進行了分析。故選C。[方法3]標題判斷題科普說明文多出現標題判斷題，考查考生對全文的理解，它常以Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?等為設問方式，文章標題可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子，它的特點是：短小精悍，多為一短語；涵蓋性強，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當，既不能太大，也不能太?。痪_性強，不能隨意改變語言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后歸納文章中心。【典例】（2023長寧一模）……Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,presentingaremarkablecollectionofcross-culturalstudiesintermixedwithpersonalstoriesaboutforeignresidents’strugglestoreunitediverseemotionalandsocialworlds.……Thebook’stake-homemessageisfundamental:Therearenonaturalemotions,noinbornemotions,nouniversalemotions.Mesquitaarguesthatemotionsare“meaningmaking”and“apreparationforaction”andthattheideaof“emotionsasinnerstates”isaWesternconstruct.Instead,shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theculturallandscapeofemotions B.TheculturaloriginofemotionsC.Theculturalconventionofemotions D.Theculturalshockofemotions【答案】46.B【解析】【導語】本文是篇說明文。文章通過對書籍“InBetweenUs”中關于情感的描述，介紹了作者——心理學家Mesquita對于情感的概念和產生原因的理解，體現了社會文化背景對情感的影響。【46題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第五段“Takenasawhole,however,thebookcontributesmuchtothediscussionoftheoriginsofemotions,”（然而，從整體上看，這本書對情感起源的討論做出了很大貢獻）和最后一段“shesuggeststhatemotionsarea“dance”cocreatedbetweenpeoplewholiveinaspecificculturalcontextataparticularhistoricalmoment.”（她認為，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定歷史時刻的人們共同創(chuàng)造的“舞蹈”。）并結合全文內容可知，文章主要是通過Mesquita在她的書中的觀點討論了情感的文化起源。故選B。[方法4]推理判斷題為了考查考生的邏輯推理判斷能力，說明文中的推理判斷題通常要求考生推斷出事件發(fā)展過程和步驟的重要環(huán)節(jié)以及作者使用舉例和對比等寫作手法的具體目的等。這時，考生需要聯(lián)系文章的主題思想對推理判斷題加以突破。【典例】（2023青浦區(qū)一模）Adatabasethatfollowstheworld’sfossilfuelproduction,reserves,andreleaseofcarbonwaslaunchedonMonday.Thelaunchcomesoutatthesametimeastwoimportantclimatetalkshappeningattheinternationallevel.OneistheclimatetalksattheUnitedNation’sGeneralAssemblyinNewYorkwhichbeganonSeptember13.TheotherisCOP27inSharmElSkeikhwhichbeganinNovember.Itreallymatterstoenvironmentalsustainability.……Untilnow,therehasbeenprivatedataavailableforpurchase,andresearchoftheworld’sfossilfuelusageandreserves.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyalsokeepspublicdataonoil,gas,andcoal.Butitcentersonthedemandforthosefossilfuels.Thisnewdatabase,however,looksatwhatisyettobeburned.Theinformationcouldhelpenvironmentalgroupstopressureleadersforstrongerpoliciesreducingtheamountofcarbontheyrelease.46.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsthelaunchofthenewdatabase?A.Positive. B.Flexible. C.Critical. D.Ironical.【答案】46.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了全球首個化石燃料公共數據庫上線?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Itreallymatterstoenvironmentalsustainability.(這對環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性非常重要。)”和第三段“Theinformationcouldhelpenvironmentalgroupstopressureleadersforstrongerpoliciesreducingtheamountofcarbontheyrelease.(這些信息可以幫助環(huán)保組織向領導人施壓，要求他們制定更強有力的政策，減少碳排放。)”可推斷，作者對新數據庫的啟動持積極的態(tài)度。故選A。[方法5]生詞詞義猜測題科普說明文往往揭示自然奧秘、動植物生存特點及產品工藝原理，易出現一些學術性較強的生詞，因此常出現生詞詞義判斷題，這種試題常以Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?或Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?為設問方式考查對生詞詞義的判斷。詞義猜測題的設置通常和定義、概念、舉例等有關，這有助于對詞匯的理解，解題時考生要注意捕捉這些信息，正確理解相關詞匯的意思?！镜淅浚?023寶山一模）ACERTteamcanmakeahugedifferencetoacommunity.Duringtheearlystagesofadisastrousevent,citizenswilllikelyfaceextremechallengesontheirown.Emergencyservicesareusuallyoverwhelmed,andcommunitiesmaybeisolatedbecauseofblockedroads.ACERTteamcansizeupthesituationintheirneighborhoodandprovidehelprightaway.In1986,untrainedvolunteerssavedmorethan800livesintheMexicoCityearthquake.Unfortunately,atleast100volunteersalsodiedintheprocess.Toensuretheircommunitywasbetterpreparedineventslikethis,LosAngelespilotedthefirstCERTprogramin1986,andmanycitiesfollowedtheirlead.44.Theword“pilot”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.conduct B.imitate C.pass D.discuss【答案】44.C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“thefirstCERTprogramin1986,andmanycitiesfollowedtheirlead(第一個CERT計劃在1986年，許多城市跟隨他們的領導)”可知，洛杉磯在1986年通過了第一個CERT計劃，許多城市效仿他們的做法。故畫線詞意思是“通過”。故選C。_____真題操練真題操練2019年上海秋季高考英語真題CompositeimageofEuropeandNorthAfricaatnight,2016.Credit:NASAEarthObservatoryimagesbyJoshuaStevens,usingSuomiNPPVIIRSdatafromMiguelRoman,NASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.Artificiallightisoftenseenasasignofprogress:themarchofcivilizationshinesalightinthedark;ittakesbackthenight;itilluminates.Butachorusofscientistsandadvocatesarguesthatunnaturallybrightnightsarebadnotjustforastronomersbutalsofornocturnal(夜間活動的)animalsandevenforhumanhealth.Nowresearchshowsthenightisgettingevenbrighter.From2012to2016theearth’sartificiallylitareaexpandedbyanestimated2.2percentayear(map),accordingtoastudypublishedlastNovemberinScienceAdvances.Eventhatincreasemayunderstatetheproblem,however.Themeasurementexcludeslightfrommostoftheenergy-efficientLEDlampsthathavebeenreplacingsodium-vaportechnologyincitiesallovertheworld,saysleadstudyauthorChristopherKyba,apostdoctoralresearcherattheGermanResearchCenterforGeosciencesinPotsdam.ThenewdatacamefromaNASAsatelliteinstrumentcalledtheVisibleInfraredImagingRadiometerSuite(VIIRS).Itcanmeasurelong---wavelengthsoflight,suchasthoseproducedbytraditionalyellow-and-orangesodium-vaporstreetlamps.ButVIIRScannotseetheshort-wavelengthbluelightproducedbywhiteLEDs.Thislighthasbeenshowntodisrupthumansleepcyclesandnocturnalanimals’behavior.Credit:MappingSpecialists;Source:“ArtificiallyLitSurfaceofEarthatNightIncreasinginRadianceandExtent,”byChristopherC.M.Kybaetal.,inScienceAdvances,Vol.3,No.11,ArticleNo.E1701528;November22,2017.TheteambelievestheongoingswitchtoLEDscausedalreadybrightcountriessuchasItaly,theNetherlands,SpainandtheU.S.toregisterashavingstablelevelsofilluminationintheVIERSdata.Incontrast,mostnationsinSouthAmerica,AfricaandAsiabrightened,suggestingincreasesintheuseoftraditionallighting.Australiaactuallyappearedtoloselitarea—buttheresearcherssaythatisbecausewildfiresskewedthedata.“ThefactthatVIIRSfindsanincrease(inmanycountries),despiteitsblindnessinthepartofthespectrumthatincreasedmore,isverysad,”saysFabioFalchi,aresearcheratItaly’sLightPollutionScienceandTechnologyInstitute,whodidnotparticipateinthestudy.In2016Falchi,alongwithKybaandseveralothermembersofhisresearchteam,publishedaglobalatlasofartificiallightingthatshowedonethirdoftheworld’spopulationcurrentlylivesunderskiestoobrighttoseetheMilkyWayatnight.ThedataalsocastdoubtontheideathattheLEDlightingrevolutionwillleadtoenergycostsavings.Between2012and2016themediannationpumpedout15percentmorelong-wavelengthlightasitsGDPincreasedby13percent.Andoverall,countries’totallightproductioncorrelatedwiththeirGDP.Inotherwords,Kybasays,“webuyasmuchlightaswearewillingtospendmoneyon.”Whichisnottrueaboutthespreadoflitareas?A.Litareaexpandedbyanestimated2.2percentayear. B.Artificiallightisoftenseenasasignofprogress.C.TheincreaseinGDPisduetotheincreaseinlight. D.Itisbadfornocturnalanimalsandevenforhumanhealth.WhatisthefunctionofVIIRS?A.ItcantakingpicturesoftheEarthtosolveproblems.B.Itcanrecordandanalyselongwavelengthsoflight.C.ItisaNASAsatellitearoundtheearth.D.Itcanfindthelightthatisbadforhumansleepcycles.Accordingtothearticle,whatwecanknowabouttheLEDs?A.UnnaturallyLEDlightsarebadforpeople.B.Itisasignofcivilizationinmodernsociety.C.VIIRScanseethelightproducedbywhiteLEDs.D.ArtificiallylitsurfaceofEarthincreasingbecauseofLEDs.66. Theauthorwritesthisarticleto__________.A.showthenightisgettingevenbrighterB.tellpeoplethatVIIRSmeasurelongwavelengthsoflightC.complainthattheMilkyWayisnotvisibleatnightD.attempttoarousepeople’sawarenessoflightpollution【答案】63.C64.B65.A66.D63.C[解析]考查細節(jié)理解。定位到原文中Between2012and2016themediannationpumpedout15percentmorelong-wavelengthlightasitsGDPincreasedby13percent.Andoverall,countriestotallightproductioncorrelatedwiththeirGDP2012年至2016年期間，隨著國內生產總值(GDP)增長13%，中值國家的長波光輸出量增加了15%?？偟膩碚f，各國的光生產總量與其國內生產總值相關?？芍獾纳a總量與GDP有關，但不是選項中的因果關系，故選C64.B[解析]考查細節(jié)理解。根據文中“ButVIIRScannotseetheshort-wavelengthbluelightproducedbywhiteLEDs.Thislighthasbeenshowntodisrupthumansleepcyclesandnocturnalanimals'behavior”但VIIRS無法看到白色LED產生的短波藍光。這種光已經被證明擾亂了人類的睡眠周期和夜間活動的動物的行為?？芍狟正確。其他選項表述錯誤。65.A[解析]考查細節(jié)理解。根據文中第一段“Butachorusofscientists...arebadnotjustfor.evenforhumanhealth”可知夜間非自然LED燈光會對人的身體健康產生危害，故選A。66.D[解析]考查主旨概括。全文都在討論全球照明水平的提高可能威脅動物生態(tài)和人類健康。由文中ThedataalsocastdoubtontheideathattheLEDlightingrevolutionwillleadtoenergycostsavings這些數據也使人們對LED照明命將導致能源成本節(jié)約的想法產生了懷疑。也可知作者是對照明革命保持懷疑態(tài)度的。故選D。2014年上海秋季高考英語真題Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality（虛擬現實）device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised（同步的）movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias（偏見）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone."74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______.A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperienceB.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesC.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperimentD.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,______.A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismB.theyscoredloweronthetestforracismC.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallyD.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem77.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsB.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsC.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleD.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly【答案與解析】74.B75.A76.D77.C

[語篇導讀]本文是一篇說明文。如果你能成為世界上的任何人，可能是誰呢？本文介紹了了身體交換以及它帶來的體驗。74.B根據上文中stepintotheskinofanotherperson，以及機器的名字TheMachinetoBeAnother可知，swap表示“交換，故選B。75.A由文章第三段第一句“Togetusedto……h(huán)avingcontrolofit”可知，B錯誤，C原文中沒有提到，排除，由第三段中最后一句“participantsreallystart……person'sbody”可知，D錯誤，故選A。76.D根據文章倒數第二段中最后一句you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem（測試后人們對不同人的偏見降低）可知，測試前他們對那些與他們不同的人有偏見，故選D。77.C根據文章倒數第二段最后一句becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson可知，應選C。_____好題必好題必測【上海市復旦大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期11月教學質量檢測英語試題】Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintismadefrequently:There’sneveranytimetoread.AprofessionalreaderthenovelistandcriticTimParks,wroteinaNewYorkReviewofBooksessay:“Everymomentofseriousreadinghastobefoughtfor,plannedfor.”ParkswrotethatinJune;lastmonth,Ifinallyfoundtimetoreadit.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”.Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning—orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.“Themodernmind,”Parkswrites,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximizedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.43.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause_________.A.whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmindB.whatchallengingbooksdemanditrepetitivereadingC.whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththemD.whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed44.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto_________.A.updatetheirto-dolists B.makepassingtimefulfillingC.carrytheirplansthrough D.pursuecarefreereading45.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps__________.A.encouragetheefficiencymind-set B.developonlinereadinghabitsC.promoteritualisticreading D.achieveimmersivereading46.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif_________.A.readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessofthedayB.allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwithC.youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreadingD.timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness【答案】43.D44.B45.D46.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人們經常抱怨沒有時間閱讀，而讓這個問題更加棘手的是，通常的時間管理技巧似乎并不足夠。因為深度閱讀不僅需要時間，而且需要一種特殊的時間，而這種時間不能僅僅通過提高效率來獲得。文章還介紹了如何實現沉浸式閱讀的方法?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.(深度閱讀不僅需要時間，而且需要一種特殊的時間，而這種時間不能僅僅通過提高效率來獲得)”可知，通常的時間管理技巧并不奏效，因為深度閱讀所需要的內容無法得到保證。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中““Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.(GaryEberle在他的《神圣的時間》一書中寫道：“未來就像空瓶子沿著一條不可阻擋的、幾乎無限的輸送帶向我們走來。當這些不同大小的瓶子（天、小時、分鐘）經過時，我們感到一種把它們裝滿的壓力，因為如果它們沒有被裝滿就過去了，我們就浪費了它們?！?”可知，“空瓶子”的比喻說明，人們感到有一種壓力，要讓打發(fā)時間變得有意義。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.(那么什么是有效的呢？也許令人驚訝的是，安排規(guī)律的閱讀時間)”可推知，Eberle認同安排規(guī)律的閱讀時間有助于實現沉浸式閱讀。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中““Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.(“隨時隨身攜帶一本書”實際上也能起作用——只要你經常閱讀，那么閱讀就會成為你的默認狀態(tài)，你會暫時浮出水面處理事務，然后再回到原位。在一個非常好的日子里，你不會再覺得你“擠出時間來閱讀”，而是只是閱讀，并為其他事情騰出時間)”可知，如果閱讀成為你每天的首要任務，“隨身攜帶一本書”是可行的。故選A。上海師范大學附屬外國語中學高三第二學期四月線上診斷Dependingonwhomyoubelieve,theaverageAmericanwill,overalifetime,waitinlinesfortwoyears(saysnationalpublicradio)orfiveyears(accordingtosomecustomer-loyaltyexperts).Thecrucialwordisaverage,aswealthyAmericansroutinelyavoidlinesaltogether.Oncethemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesarerapidlybecomingtheexclusiveprovinceofsuckers(peoplewhostillbelieveinandpracticewaitinginlines).Poorsuckers,mostly.AirportsresembleFrancebeforetheRevolution:first-classpassengersenjoy"elite"securitylinesandpriorityboarding,anddisembarkbeforetheunwashedincoach,heldatbaybyaflightattendant,areallowedtofoultheJet-way.Atamusementparks,too,youcannowbuyyourwayoutofline.ThissummerIhaplesslywatchedkidsusea$52GoldFlashPasstojumpthelinesatSixFlagsNewEngland,andsimilarsystemsareinuseinmostmajorAmericanthemeparks,fromUniversalOrlandotoWaltDisneyWorld,wherethehavesgettowatchthehave-moresbreezepastontheirwaytotheirseats.FlashPassteacheschildrenavaluablelessoninreal-worldeconomics;thatthericharemoreimportantthanyou,especiallywhenitcomestowaiting.AnNBAplayeroncesaidtome,withabemusedchuckleofdisbelief,thatwhenplayinginCanada—getthis—"Wehavetowaitinthesamecustomslineaseverybodyelse."Almosteverylinecanbebreachedforaprice.InseveralU.S.citiesthissummer,earlyarriversamongtheearlyadopterswaitingtobuyiPhonesofferedtoselltheirspotsinthelines.OnCraigslist,prospectiveiPhonepurchasersofferedtopay"waiters"or"placeholders"towaitinlineforthemoutsideApplestores.Inevitably,somesemi-populistpoliticianshaveseenthevalueofsort-ofwaitinginlineswiththeordinarypeople.BillionaireNewYorkmayorMichaelBloombergoftenwaitsforthesubwaywithhisfellowcitizens,thoughhe'sfirstdrivenbymotorcadepastthestopnearesthishousetoastation22blocksaway,wherethewait,oratleasttheride,isshorter.Nothingannoysanationallawmakermorethanapersonwhowillnotwaitinline,unlessthatlineisinfrontofanelevatorattheU.S.Capitol,whereSenatorsandRepresentativesuseprivateelevators,lesttheyhavetoqueuewiththeirconstituents.Butcompromisingtheintegrityofthelineisnotjustantidemocratic,it'sout-of-date.TherewassomethingabouttheorderlyboardingofNoah'sArk,twobytwo,thatseemedtorestorenotjustcivilizationbutcivilityduringtheGreatFlood.Howcivilwasyourlastflight?SouthwestAirlineshasfirst-come,first-servedfestivalseating.Butfor$5perflight,anunaffiliatedcompanycalledBoardFirst.comwillsecureyouacoveted"A"boardingpasswhenthatairlineopensforonlinecheck-in24hoursbeforedeparture.Thus,thesavvytravelerdoesn'tevenwaitinlinewhenheorsheisonline.Someculturesarenotrenownedforliningup.Thenagain,someculturesaretooadeptatliningup:acitizenoftheformerSovietUnionwouldjoinaqueuejustsohecouldgettotheheadofthatqueueandseewhateveryonewasqueuingfor.AndthenthereistheUS,wheresocietyseemstobecleavingintotwogroups;VeryImportantPersons,whodon’twait,andVeryImpatientPersons,whodo-unhappy.43.W